Internet of Things (IoT) will enable dramatic society transformation. This seminar presents an introduction to the IoT and explains why IoT Security is important.
Then it presents security issues in wireless sensor networks that constitute a main ingredient of IoT.
Seminar given at Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC) on 28 January 2015.
The Internet of Things (IoT) offers many industries significant new opportunities, but it also exposes them and their customers to a host of security issues. Securing the IoT requires new ways of thinking that can defend the enterprise and its customers against attackers and privacy abuses.
The growth of embedded systems connecting to the Internet or "Internet of Things" (IoT) increases year by year. Thus, the IoT ecosystems become new targets of the attackers. This presentation will talk about the basic principle of information security, why we need to secure IoT ecosystems, and also the vulnerabilities and solutions from OWASP.
An overview of security and privacy challenges that must be faced and solved when creating new Things for the Internet of Things. We discussed why are Things inherently insecure together with examples of attack vectors and learned some risk mitigation strategies. We realized why should users be wary of Things violating their privacy and gained awareness of upcoming EU privacy legislation that affects providers of IoT-based solutions. Talk given at Pixels Camp 2017, Lisbon.
Internet of Things means every household or handy device which is used to make our world easy and better and connected with IP which transmit some data.
This slide covers IOT description, OWASP Top 10 2014 & its recommendations.
This IOT architecture describes about how things get connected via internet.In short, the Internet of Things refers to the rapidly growing network of connected objects that are able to collect and exchange data using embedded sensors. Thermostats, cars, lights, refrigerators, and more appliances can all be connected to the IoT.In short, the Internet of Things refers to the rapidly growing network of connected objects that are able to collect and exchange data using embedded sensors. Thermostats, cars, lights, refrigerators, and more appliances can all be connected to the IoT.
The IoT Era Begins
Components of IoT-Enabled Things
IoT Reference model
IoT Security
IoT Security & Privacy Req. defined by ITU-T
An IoT Security Framework
IoT Security Challenges
Internet of Things - Liability
IoT security tools
The Internet of Things (IoT) offers many industries significant new opportunities, but it also exposes them and their customers to a host of security issues. Securing the IoT requires new ways of thinking that can defend the enterprise and its customers against attackers and privacy abuses.
The growth of embedded systems connecting to the Internet or "Internet of Things" (IoT) increases year by year. Thus, the IoT ecosystems become new targets of the attackers. This presentation will talk about the basic principle of information security, why we need to secure IoT ecosystems, and also the vulnerabilities and solutions from OWASP.
An overview of security and privacy challenges that must be faced and solved when creating new Things for the Internet of Things. We discussed why are Things inherently insecure together with examples of attack vectors and learned some risk mitigation strategies. We realized why should users be wary of Things violating their privacy and gained awareness of upcoming EU privacy legislation that affects providers of IoT-based solutions. Talk given at Pixels Camp 2017, Lisbon.
Internet of Things means every household or handy device which is used to make our world easy and better and connected with IP which transmit some data.
This slide covers IOT description, OWASP Top 10 2014 & its recommendations.
This IOT architecture describes about how things get connected via internet.In short, the Internet of Things refers to the rapidly growing network of connected objects that are able to collect and exchange data using embedded sensors. Thermostats, cars, lights, refrigerators, and more appliances can all be connected to the IoT.In short, the Internet of Things refers to the rapidly growing network of connected objects that are able to collect and exchange data using embedded sensors. Thermostats, cars, lights, refrigerators, and more appliances can all be connected to the IoT.
The IoT Era Begins
Components of IoT-Enabled Things
IoT Reference model
IoT Security
IoT Security & Privacy Req. defined by ITU-T
An IoT Security Framework
IoT Security Challenges
Internet of Things - Liability
IoT security tools
Helpful survey for researchers and students who are intended to investigate in the Internet of things field in term of security and privacy side. This survey has general overview in security issues with the solutions addressed these issues.
The Internet of Things (IoT), sometimes referred to as the Internet of Objects, IoT is basically a complex network that seamlessly connects people and things together through the Internet. Theoretically, anything that can be connected (smart watches, cars, homes, thermostats, vending machines, servers…) and will be connected in the near future using sensors and RFID tags. This allows connected objects to continuously send data over the Web and from anywhere. The first time the term was used in 1999 by Kevin Ashton, the creator of the RFID standard.
Internet of things are exploding. This whitepaper would help product developers to understand the Security and Privacy issues, their impact and a recommendation for embedding the best practices during PDLC.
The slides defines IoT and show the differnce between M2M and IoT vision. It then describes the different layers that depicts the functional architecture of IoT, standard organizations and bodies and other IoT technology alliances, low power IoT protocols, IoT Platform components, and finally gives a short description to one of IoT low power application protocols (MQTT).
We did not predict the Internet, the Web, social networking, Facebook, Twitter, millions of apps for smart-phones, etc. New research problems arise due to the large scale of devices, the connection of the physical and cyber worlds, the openness of the systems of systems, and continuing problems of privacy and security. It is hoped that there is more cooperation between the research communities in order to solve the myriad of problems sooner as well as to avoid re-inventing the wheel when a particular community solves a problem.
In this presentation, Shruthi introduces IoT and latest trends in that domain. Shruthi is interested in security of IoT devices and developing communication protocols for IoT devices.
More and more IoT vulnerabilities are found and showcased at security events. From connected thermostats to power plants!
Insecurity became the favorite subject for creating catchy IoT headlines: "Connected killer toaster", "Fridges changed into spamming machines","Privacy concerns around connected home".
We will explore the five challenges one has to face when building a secure IoT solution:
- hardware security: how to avoid rogue firmwares and keep your security keys safe?
- upgrade strategy: you can't secure what you can't update!
- secure transport: no security without secure transports.
- security credentials distribution: how to distribute security keys to a fleet with millions of devices?
- cloud vulnerability mitigation, how to keep your fleet of devices safe from the next Heartbleed?
Current enterprise infrastructure provides solutions for handling application security but are they really matching the IoT challenge? Could running a PKI client on a low power wireless sensor node be an option?
Despite those difficulties, we will show how a modern IoT device management standard like Lightweight M2M with DTLS is the way for building a secur-first IoT solutions. It provides a solution for upgrading your device, distributing your security keys and comes with a full range of cryptography cipher suites, from PSK algorithm for very constrained devices to high level of security using X.509 certificates.
Furthermore for adding security to your solution we will present you ready to use opensource libraries for implementing secure IoT servers and devices. The way for quickly releasing your next catchy connected product.!
Ultimately we will showcase Wakaama and Leshan, the Eclipse IoT Lightweight M2M implementation maybe your next best friend in the troubled water of Internet-Of-Things security!
Yesterday Pierluigi Paganini, CISO Bit4Id and founder Security Affairs, presented at the ISACA Roma & OWASP Italy conference the state of the art for the Internet of Things paradigm. The presentation highlights the security and privacy issues for the Internet of Things, a technology that is changing user’s perception of the technology.
Helpful survey for researchers and students who are intended to investigate in the Internet of things field in term of security and privacy side. This survey has general overview in security issues with the solutions addressed these issues.
The Internet of Things (IoT), sometimes referred to as the Internet of Objects, IoT is basically a complex network that seamlessly connects people and things together through the Internet. Theoretically, anything that can be connected (smart watches, cars, homes, thermostats, vending machines, servers…) and will be connected in the near future using sensors and RFID tags. This allows connected objects to continuously send data over the Web and from anywhere. The first time the term was used in 1999 by Kevin Ashton, the creator of the RFID standard.
Internet of things are exploding. This whitepaper would help product developers to understand the Security and Privacy issues, their impact and a recommendation for embedding the best practices during PDLC.
The slides defines IoT and show the differnce between M2M and IoT vision. It then describes the different layers that depicts the functional architecture of IoT, standard organizations and bodies and other IoT technology alliances, low power IoT protocols, IoT Platform components, and finally gives a short description to one of IoT low power application protocols (MQTT).
We did not predict the Internet, the Web, social networking, Facebook, Twitter, millions of apps for smart-phones, etc. New research problems arise due to the large scale of devices, the connection of the physical and cyber worlds, the openness of the systems of systems, and continuing problems of privacy and security. It is hoped that there is more cooperation between the research communities in order to solve the myriad of problems sooner as well as to avoid re-inventing the wheel when a particular community solves a problem.
In this presentation, Shruthi introduces IoT and latest trends in that domain. Shruthi is interested in security of IoT devices and developing communication protocols for IoT devices.
More and more IoT vulnerabilities are found and showcased at security events. From connected thermostats to power plants!
Insecurity became the favorite subject for creating catchy IoT headlines: "Connected killer toaster", "Fridges changed into spamming machines","Privacy concerns around connected home".
We will explore the five challenges one has to face when building a secure IoT solution:
- hardware security: how to avoid rogue firmwares and keep your security keys safe?
- upgrade strategy: you can't secure what you can't update!
- secure transport: no security without secure transports.
- security credentials distribution: how to distribute security keys to a fleet with millions of devices?
- cloud vulnerability mitigation, how to keep your fleet of devices safe from the next Heartbleed?
Current enterprise infrastructure provides solutions for handling application security but are they really matching the IoT challenge? Could running a PKI client on a low power wireless sensor node be an option?
Despite those difficulties, we will show how a modern IoT device management standard like Lightweight M2M with DTLS is the way for building a secur-first IoT solutions. It provides a solution for upgrading your device, distributing your security keys and comes with a full range of cryptography cipher suites, from PSK algorithm for very constrained devices to high level of security using X.509 certificates.
Furthermore for adding security to your solution we will present you ready to use opensource libraries for implementing secure IoT servers and devices. The way for quickly releasing your next catchy connected product.!
Ultimately we will showcase Wakaama and Leshan, the Eclipse IoT Lightweight M2M implementation maybe your next best friend in the troubled water of Internet-Of-Things security!
Yesterday Pierluigi Paganini, CISO Bit4Id and founder Security Affairs, presented at the ISACA Roma & OWASP Italy conference the state of the art for the Internet of Things paradigm. The presentation highlights the security and privacy issues for the Internet of Things, a technology that is changing user’s perception of the technology.
Security in the Internet Of Things.
Every IoT project must be designed with security in mind. Identity Relationship Management is a must for a successful IoT implementation.
IEEE CS Keynote at 20th Annual Conference on Advanced Computing and Communications (ADCOM 2014), Bangaluru, India, September 19, 2014 by Prof. Raj Jain. The talk covers What are Things?, Internet of Things, Sample IoT Applications, What’s Smart?, 4 Levels of Smartness, Internet of Brains, Why IoT Now?, Funding, Google Trends, Research Funding for IoT, Business Opportunities, Venture Activities in IoT, Recent IoT Products, IoT Research Challenges, Internet of Harmful Things, Beacons, Power per MB, Datalink Issues, Ant-Sized IoT Passive Radios, Networking Issues, Last 100m Protocols, Recent Protocols for IoT, Legacy IoT Protocols, Standardization, Fog Computing, Micro-Clouds on Cell-Towers, The Problem Statement, Services in a Cloud of Clouds.
IoT Security – Executing an Effective Security Testing Process EC-Council
Deral Heiland CISSP, serves as a the Research Lead (IoT) for Rapid7. Deral has over 20 years of experience in the Information Technology field, and has held multiple positions including: Senior Network Analyst, Network Administrator, Database Manager, Financial Systems Manager and Senior Information Security Analyst. Over the last 10+ years Deral’s career has focused on security research, security assessments, penetration testing, and consulting for corporations and government agencies. Deral also has conducted security research on a numerous technical subjects, releasing white papers, security advisories, and has presented the information at numerous national and international security conferences including Blackhat, Defcon, Shmoocon, DerbyCon, RSAC, Hack In Paris. Deral has been interviewed by and quoted by several media outlets and publications including ABC World News Tonight, BBC, Consumer Reports, MIT Technical Review, SC Magazine, Threat Post and The Register.
An increasing number of Consumer and Internet Internet of Things applications require some form of edge computing characterised by low latency, peer-to-peer communication, and mobility. Fog computing has recently emerged as the paradigm to address the needs of edge computing in IoT applications. Fog computing complements Cloud computing to allow the design and implementation of IoT systems that scale better, are more reactive and in which local communication and decision is enabled whenever possible.
This presentation introduces the key concepts behind Fog Computing, compare and contrast it with Cloud Computing and explain how the VORTEX platform enables Fog computing architectures.
ABSTRACT
Cloud computing promises to significantly change the way we use computers and access and store our personal and business information. With these new computing and communications paradigms arise new data security challenges. Existing data protection mechanisms such as encryption have failed in preventing data theft attacks, especially those perpetrated by an insider to the cloud provider. For securing user data from such attacks a new paradigm called fog computing can be used. Fog Computing is a paradigm that extends Cloud computing and services to the edge of the network. Similar to Cloud, Fog provides data, compute, storage, and application services to end-users. The motivation of Fog computing lies in a series of real scenarios, such as Smart Grid, smart traffic lights in vehicular networks and software defined network .This technique can monitor the user activity to identify the legitimacy and prevent from any unauthorized user access. Here we have discussed this paradigm for preventing misuse of user data and securing information.
Fog computing factory in alliance nearly bovine computing, optimizing the use of this resource. Currently, crush exercise matter is abeyance to the backward, stored and analyzed, limitation which a decision is made and action taken. But this practices isn’t efficient. Utter computing allows computing, honest and action-taking to enter into the picture near IoT belongings and only pushes relevant matter to the cloud. “Fuzz distributes not at all bad quick-wittedness near at the service better accordingly we nub run this torrent of observations,” explains Baker. “So we thus adjustment it newcomer disabuse of uphold data into unalloyed hint go wool-gathering has favour lose concentration gear up gets forwarded up to the cloud. We posterior then heap up it into data warehouses; we bum do predictive analysis.” This beyond to the data-path send away for is enabled by the increased count functionality that manufacturers such as Cisco are building into their edge switches and routers. Fog Computing plays a role. Nonetheless it is a advanced pronunciation, this technology ahead has a designation backing bowels the globe of the modish data centre and the cloud. Bringing details adjust to the user. The middle of facts zoological unbecoming near the unresponsive creates a straightforward convene to cache observations or other help. These services would be located actual to the end-user to proceed on latency concerns and data access. Rather than of conformation inform at data centre sites anent outlandish the end-point, the Fuzz aims to place the data close to the end-user. Creating purblind geographical distribution. Fogginess computing extends forthright clouded advice by creating a help network which sits at numerous points. This, screen, geographically verbose infrastructure helps in numerous ways. Foremost of enclosing, chunky details and analytics arise be unalloyed faster with better results. Gifted-bodied, administrators are able to on ice location-based
Fog Computing is a paradigm that extends Cloud computing and services to the edge of the network. Similar to Cloud, Fog provides data, compute, storage, and application services to end-users. The motivation of Fog computing lies in a series of real scenarios, such as Smart Grid, smart traffic lights in vehicular networks and software defined networks,
Fog computing is a term created by Cisco that refers to extending cloud computing to the edge of an enterprise's network.
Cisco introduced its fog computing vision in January 2014 as a way of bringing cloud computing capabilities to the edge of the network .
As the result, closer to the rapidly growing number of connected devices and applications that consume cloud services and generate increasingly massive amounts of data.
The term “fog computing” or “edge computing” means that rather than hosting and working from a centralized cloud, fog systems operate on network ends. It is a term for placing some processes and resources at the edge of the cloud, instead of establishing channels for cloud storage and utilization.
Fog computing, also known as fogging/edge computing, it is a model in which data, processing and applications are concentrated in devices at the network edge rather than existing almost entirely in the cloud.
The term "Fog Computing" was introduced by the Cisco Systems .
Its extended from cloud
Internet of things_by_economides_keynote_speech_at_ccit2014_finalAnastasios Economides
Internet of Things forecast, economics, applications, technology, research challenges, sensor networks security, attack models, countermeasures, network security visualization
Iot Cyber Security & Vulnerabilities Challenges and Opportunities in Security of Internet of Things
Security is the Key
Inherent Security Challenges
Threat Spectrum – Trends
Securing the “Things”
IoT Cybersecurity – Security Triad
Threat Model
Availability threats
Integrity threats
Authenticity threats
Confidentiality threats
Non-repudiation/accountability threats
A Survey Report on : Security & Challenges in Internet of Thingsijsrd.com
In the era of computing technology, Internet of Things (IoT) devices are now popular in each and every domains like e-governance, e-Health, e-Home, e-Commerce, and e-Trafficking etc. Iot is spreading from small to large applications in all fields like Smart Cities, Smart Grids, Smart Transportation. As on one side IoT provide facilities and services for the society. On the other hand, IoT security is also a crucial issues.IoT security is an area which totally concerned for giving security to connected devices and networks in the IoT .As, IoT is vast area with usability, performance, security, and reliability as a major challenges in it. The growth of the IoT is exponentially increases as driven by market pressures, which proportionally increases the security threats involved in IoT The relationship between the security and billions of devices connecting to the Internet cannot be described with existing mathematical methods. In this paper, we explore the opportunities possible in the IoT with security threats and challenges associated with it.
11/27/2019 SafeAssign Originality Report
https://ucumberlands.blackboard.com/webapps/mdb-sa-BB5a31b16bb2c48/originalityReportPrint?course_id=_110806_1&paperId=2379284715&&att… 1/11
2719.202010 - FALL 2019 - ACCESS CONTROL (ISOL-531-08) - SECOND BI-TERM
Research Paper: IoT Security - Draft
Suma Reddy
on Sun, Nov 24 2019, 10:55 PM
65% highest match
Submission ID: 87817bbd-f9da-43ad-9f99-9f10168b7bbf
Attachments (1)
Reddy_Suma_IoT.docx
1 INTERNET OF THINGS
INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) SUMA REDDY
2 UNIVERSITY OF CUMBERLANDS
Introduction:
2 INTERNET OF THINGS ALLOWS US TO CONNECT ELECTRONIC AND
EMBEDDED DEVICES AROUND US WITH INTERNET. The detailed answer is given
below. Internet of things is extension of internet connectivity on day to day devices. The
electronic devices can be connected to each other via internet and they can communicate with
each other, even remotely. So this allow us to handle electronic devices without being
physically present near device. As device is connected to internet and you can operate it
remotely using internet too. It allows automation. 2 IT CAN BE HELPFUL IN
MEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE, WHERE DIGITIZED HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS
ARE CREATED AND ALSO ALLOWS REMOTE HEALTH MONITORING AND
EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION ETC. IOT CAN ALSO BE USED IN TRANSPORT,
BUILDING AND HOME AUTOMATION, MANUFACTURING, ENVIRONMENTAL
(http://safeassign.blackboard.com/)
Reddy_Suma_IoT.docx
Word Count: 898
Attachment ID: 2379284715
65%
http://safeassign.blackboard.com/
11/27/2019 SafeAssign Originality Report
https://ucumberlands.blackboard.com/webapps/mdb-sa-BB5a31b16bb2c48/originalityReportPrint?course_id=_110806_1&paperId=2379284715&&att… 2/11
MONITORING AND MANY MORE FIELDS. (SHARMA, 2016) SECURITY
THREATS AND ISSUES WITH INTERNET OF THINGS:
IT HAS A SECURITY THREAT AND THEY CAN BE HACKED. FOR EXAMPLE,
CAMERAS CAN BE HACKED WHICH CAUSES INVASION OF PRIVACY. As
number of devices grows in an organization and organization uses IOT, the chance of
unprecedented attack increases that hampers security issue of an organization because what
attack over your data and devices you got today that may not be face by the organization
professionals never before. (Sharma, 2016) When digital speakers are turned off, they still use
voice control sometimes to turn back on. So the speakers still have access to any conversations
or any music or noise going on without even user realizing it. This can be used against the user
by hackers.
Data privacy: The Internet of Things represent collection of data, storage and investigation
systems to a more noteworthy scale. 3 THERE ARE AN EVER INCREASING
NUMBER OF DEVICES ASSOCIATED WITH THE INTERNET AND THERE ARE
ADDITIONALLY MORE COMPONENTS THAT REQUIRE SECURITY AND
PRIVACY: THE DEVICE ITSELF, THE SYSTEM, THE APPLICATION OR THE
STAGE THAT IT UTILIZING. 4 (MASUMSADIQUE, 2018) TECHNICAL
VULNERABILITIES IN AUTHENTICATION: 3 THE IOT WORKS WITH
DEVICES OF VARIOUS NATURE THAT WILL BE ASSOCIAT ...
Analysis on IoT Challenges, Opportunities, Applications and Communication ModelsINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Internet of Things (IoT) is a novel communication standard and it is researcher’s preferred topic, which integrates heterogeneous systems seamlessly. Designing a universal architecture for IoT is a challenging task due to the integration of wide variety of the devices. The main objective of this paper is to provide comprehensive knowledge on challenges, applications, Security issues, and different communication models of IoT. This paper also focuses on the marketing trends of IoT with respect to variety of application with the end users. This motivates the researchers to contribute more productive work in this field by analyzing various parameters.
OT - How IoT will Impact Future B2B and Global Supply Chains - SS14Mark Morley, MBA
This presentation was originally given at an EDIFICE plenary in Brussels in May 2014. EDIFICE is a European based industry association driving B2B standards across the high tech industry. The presentation discussed digital disruption and how the Internet of Things is likely to impact future design of B2B platforms and global supply chains. - Updated March 2015
IoT is a critical enabler for going digital. Like other domains, getting the basics right is critical to make a thriving IoT ecosystem. I did this workshop in Middle East to educate the audience (from public and private sector) on the three essential enablers for building a trustworthy foundation for IoT projects: reliable connectivity, a robust security framework and an agile monetization environment. Data generated by IoT endpoints may very well be the oil, but it requires these three key enablers to make it all work!
IBM X-Force Threat Intelligence Quarterly,
4Q 2014
Get a closer look at today’s security risks—from new threats arising from within the
Internet of Things, to the sources of malware and botnet infections.
The Internet of Things (IoT) already helps billions of people. Thousands of smart, connected devices deliver new experiences to people throughout the world. Examples include connected cars, robotic manufacturing, smarter medical equipment, smart grid, countless industrial control systems and many more. Unfortunately, this growth in connected devices brings increased security risks. Threats quickly evolve to target this rich and vulnerable landscape. Serious risks include physical harm to people, prolonged downtime, and damage to equipment such as pipelines, blast furnaces, power generation facilities etc. As several such facilities and IoT systems have already been attacked and materially damaged, security must now be an essential consideration for anyone making or operating IoT devices or systems, particularly for the industrial Internet.
How can anyone secure the IoT? IoT systems are often highly complex, requiring end-to-end security solutions that span cloud and connectivity layers, and support resource-constrained IoT devices that often aren’t powerful enough to support traditional security solutions. Security must be comprehensive or attackers simply exploit the weakest link. Of course, traditional Information Technology (IT) systems often drive and handle data from IoT systems, but IoT systems themselves have unique additional security needs.
The security solution should be powerful and easy-to-deploy foundations of security architectures to mitigate the vast majority of security threats to the Internet of Things, including advanced and sophisticated threats. This paper describes the necessity and strategies for easy and effective implementation. No single, concise document can cover all of the important details unique to each vertical. Instead, this paper attempts to provide advice applicable to all verticals, including automotive, energy, manufacturing, healthcare, financial services, government, retail, logistics, aviation, consumer, and beyond.
Presentation “Protecting the Energy Supply Chain – From Cyber Attacks to Drones”
The presentation is about cyber and physical protection of sustainable supply chain management and the need for advanced risk analytics.
The presentation was given by Thomas Zakrzewski in Dubai at GITEX in 2020. Issues of supply chain management still make headlines in 2022 and are expected to stay top of the minds of the C-suite for foreseeable future.
All The Things: Security, Privacy & Safety in a World of Connected DevicesJohn D. Johnson
Much of our technology today is connected to the Internet and communicating information about us, our homes and businesses, back to manufacturers in order to give us something of value in return. It is estimated that by 2025, there may be as many as 80 billion Internet of Things (IoT) devices connected to the Internet. As IoT becomes a normal part of our everyday lives, at home, on the road, and at the office, privacy, security and safety become paramount.
This presentation will set the stage: What is IoT? How is it used today? How will it be used in the future? IoT provides both opportunities and risk to society, and IoT devices need to be secured as this world of connected devices become critical to how society functions.
Using Machine Learning to Build a Classification Model for IoT Networks to De...IJCNCJournal
Internet of things (IoT) has led to several security threats and challenges within society. Regardless of the benefits that it has brought with it to the society, IoT could compromise the security and privacy of individuals and companies at various levels. Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed DoS (DDoS) attacks, among others, are the most common attack types that face the IoT networks. To counter such attacks, companies should implement an efficient classification/detection model, which is not an easy task. This paper proposes a classification model to examine the effectiveness of several machine-learning algorithms, namely, Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Naïve Bayes. The machine learning algorithms are used to detect attacks on the UNSW-NB15 benchmark dataset. The UNSW-NB15 contains normal network traffic and malicious traffic instants. The experimental results reveal that RF and KNN classifiers give the best performance with an accuracy of 100% (without noise injection) and 99% (with 10% noise filtering), while the Naïve Bayes classifier gives the worst performance with an accuracy of 95.35% and 82.77 without noise and with 10% noise, respectively. Other evaluation matrices, such as precision and recall, also show the effectiveness of RF and KNN classifiers over Naïve Bayes.
Similar to Overview of IoT and Security issues (20)
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
ER(Entity Relationship) Diagram for online shopping - TAEHimani415946
https://bit.ly/3KACoyV
The ER diagram for the project is the foundation for the building of the database of the project. The properties, datatypes, and attributes are defined by the ER diagram.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
2. • Introduction to IoT & Market
• Smart Applications
• Technology & Research Challenges
• Security Threats
• Wireless Sensor Network Security
• Security Visualization
• Conclusions
Outline of the Presentation
CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides 2
3. Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT)
3CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
2020 forecast :
• 25 - 50 billion devices (Cisco, Ericsson, IDC, ABI, Gartner)
• 26 objects/ person (Intel)
• Economic impact: $ 2 - 5 trillion (Cisco, McKinsey Global Institute,
IDC, GSMA & Machina Research, Gartner, Harbor)
“Worldwide ICT infrastructure that enables ubiquitous services
among interacting humans, machines, data and applications”
4. 75% of companies are already exploring the IoT.
15 % of companies already have an IoT solution in place
(21 % of transportation & logistics companies)
53 % plan to implement one within the next 24 months,
and another 14 % in the next two to five years.
(source: Zebra Technologies / Forrester Consulting).
IoT deployment
CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides 4
6. Cisco predicts that IoT will cause IP traffic to reach
1.6 zettabytes by 2018 (300% increase compared to 2013).
By 2018,
57% of IP traffic will come from devices other than PCs.
Wi-Fi will generate 49% of IP traffic,
other mobile-connected devices will generate 12% of it.
Cisco will invest $1 billion to build the world's largest
Intercloud network to tackle the IoT.
Cisco plans an Intercloud network
6CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
7. Healthcare & Wellbeing, e.g. Angel Sensor, Fitbit, Hexoskin, Intraway, Jawbone,
Nymi, InKol Health Hub, Pebble, Philips Lifeline, Withings, Zebra MotionWorks,
Home & Building, e.g. Belkin, Nest, Neurio, Quirky, Sensorflare, SMA, SmartThings,
Vivint, WallyHome, Withings, ZEN Thermostat,
City & Community, e.g. Bigbelly, Bitlock¸ FUKUSHIMA Wheel, Kiunsys, Placemeter,
Silver Spring Networks, Waspmote,
Utilities, e.g. Enevo, Mayflower CMS, MeterNet, Osprey Informatics, Paradox,
Trilliant,
Environment, Agriculture & Livestock, e.g. FilesThruTheAir, Fruition Sciences,
OnFarm, Semios, Topcon Precision Agriculture,
Car & Transportation, e.g. Audi, CarKnow, Connected Rail, Dash drive smart, Delphi
Connect, Ericsson, Libelium, Logitrac, PowerFleet,
Industry & Services, e.g. Argon Underground Mining Safety, Condeco Sense,
DAQRI’s Smart Helmet, Numerex, Perch.
Smart Applications
7CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
8. 83 projects across 12 areas: sensors monitor traffic, parking spaces,
street lights, air pollution, meteorological conditions, humidity of
green spaces in parks, trash bins ...
Street lights in Born are shut down automatically if they don’t detect
any activity nearby. They also monitor humidity, temperature,
pollution, and noise. Expected to have 3,360 lights on 160 streets
by 2015.
The trash cans alert sanitation workers on a tablet that they need to
be emptied.
The irrigation systems in Poblenou Central Park monitor the moisture
in the soil and turning on pop-up sprinklers. Parks employees can
also access meteorological data and rain gauges and adjust the
quantity of water used.
Barcelona Smart City
8CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
9. Technology
CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides 9
Sensors & Actuators
Wireless Communications:
RFID, WiFi, Bluetooth, Cellular, Satellite, etc.
Cloud Computing –
Storage, Processing, Analytics, Security, etc.
Networks (HW & SW)
Addressing
12. • AllSeen Alliance
• Eclipse Foundation
• Industrial Internet Consortium
• Internet of Things Consortium
• Internet Protocol for Smart Objects (IPSO) Alliance
• IoT Alliance
• Oasis
• OneM2M
• Open Interconnect Consortium (OIC)
• Thread Group
• ZigBee Alliance
IoT Alliances
12CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
13. 13CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
Source: D.Culler (2011). The Internet of Every
Thing - steps toward sustainability. CWSN.
14. Devices (Sensors, Actuators, etc.),
Networking & Communications,
Data Management,
Decision Making,
Security & Privacy,
Social & Legal issues,
Economics,
Human Behavior & Usability,
Marketing, etc.
Research Challenges
CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides 14
15. #1 New threats to data / physical security
(42 % responders)
#2 Inability of IT systems to keep pace with change
(38 % responders)
#3 Regulatory or compliance challenges
(32 % responders)
Biggest Drawbacks of IoT (Cisco survey)
15CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
16. The Center for Strategic and International Studies
estimated that $100 billion is lost annually to the US
economy, and 508,000 US jobs are lost, because of
malicious online activity.
Ponemon Institute estimated that the average cost
of an organizational data breach was $5.4 million in
2014 ($4.5 million in 2013).
Losses due to attacks
16CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
17. Nearly half (46%) of the IT leaders said that they
will invest more next year in:
access control,
intrusion prevention,
identity management,
virus and malware protection.
ComputerWorld Survey
17CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
18. M2M Network Security market will grow at a CAGR
of 22.9 % over the period 2013-2018 (TechNavio)
IoT and Industrial Security Market to exceed
$ 675 million by 2018 (Infonetics)
Network Security market
18CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
19. What do you think the greatest threat IoT will
be over the next 5 years?
19CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
source: SANS survey
20. Where do you consider the greatest risk to be in
“Things” connecting to your network and the Internet?
20CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
source: SANS survey
21. Given the current state of your security program, how
would you rate your ability to provide security to IoT ?
21CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
source: SANS survey
22. • 25 % - 50 % of remote workers and IT personnel who work
remotely in critical infrastructure industries report that they
have at least one IoT device connected to corporate
networks.
• 75 % admit to accessing corporate documents from their
home networks.
• only 30 % of IT professionals believe their company has the
technology necessary to adequately evaluate the security of
IoT devices,
• 59 % of IT personnel are concerned that IoT could become
“the most significant security risk on their network.”
• 20 % of respondents state that they have “no visibility” into
current protection levels.
Tripwire & AtomicResearch surveys
22CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
23. Chief Information Security Officers and Security Operations
executives at 1700 companies in nine countries (2015):
• Only 10% of Internet Explorer users run the latest
version.
• Less than 50% of respondents use standard tools
such as patching and configuration to help prevent
security breaches and ensure that they are running
the latest versions.
Cisco Security Capabilities Benchmark
23CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
24. • 6 out of the 10 popular IoT devices did not use
encryption when downloading software updates.
• 90 % of the devices collected at least one piece of
personal information via the device, the cloud, or its
mobile application.
• 70 % of the devices used unencrypted network
service and transmitted credentials in plain text.
Hewllet Packard tested 10 IoT devices
24CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
25. 1. Insecure web interface
2. Insufficient authentication
3. Insecure network services
4. Lack of transport encryptions
5. Privacy concerns
6. Insecure cloud interface
7. Insecure mobile interface
8. Insufficient security configurability
9. Insecure software
10. Poor physical security OWASP
Top 10 security problems with IoT devices
25CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
26. Avast: Routers will be a prime target for hackers.
Hackers may want to take over the local network.
WatchGuard: - criminals stealing billions in digital assets,
- nation states launching long-term attacks.
NOT to worry about IoT security (for now):
NOT much value attacking your watch or TV.
Symantec: Attacks on IoT will focus on smart home.
NOT expect any large-scale attacks, but instead
one-off attacks against connected devices, e.g.
home routers, smart TVs & connected car apps.
Security predictions for 2015
26CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
27. A wireless network consisting of a large number of
autonomous sensors that are spatially distributed in area of
interest in order to cooperatively monitor physical or
environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound,
vibration, pressure, motion, pollutants, etc.
Sensor:
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
27CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
Sensors
ADC
Processor
Memory
Transceiver
Location finding system
(optional)
Mobilizer
(optional)
Sensing Unit Processing Unit
Power unit
Communication Unit
28. WSN Architecture
28CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
Internet,
Satellite
Sink
Sink
Task
Manager
User
Sensor
Field
Sensor
Node
Figure –The big picture
29. WSNs are vulnerable
to various types of attacks
29
CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
Internet,
Satellite
Sink
Sink
Task
Manager
User
Sensor
Field
Sensor
Node
Spoofed
Routing
information
Wormhole
Attack
30. Eavesdropping: an attacker intercepts packets transmitted over the air for further
cryptanalysis or traffic analysis.
Traffic analysis: allows an attacker to determine that there is activity in the
network, the location of the BSs, and the type of protocols being used.
Message injection: an adversary injects bogus control information into the data
stream.
Message modification: a previously captured message is modified before being
retransmitted
Node capture: An embedded device is considered being compromised when an
attacker, through various means, gains control to the node itself.
Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks: can be grouped into two categories
Service degradation (e.g., collision attack), and
Service disablement through power exhaustion (e.g. jamming)
Attack Models
30CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
PassiveattacksActiveattacks
31. Layer-based attack categorization
CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
31
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
FloodingAttack | Desynchronization attacks
ReplayAttack | SybilAttack | Spoofed, altered, or replayed routing
information | Sinkhole, Wormhole Attack | Hello FloodAttack
CollisionAttack | SybilAttack | Node Replication |Acknowledgement
SpoofingAttack
Eavesdropping | Jamming | Battery Exhaustion
PowerManagementPlane
MobilityManagementPlane
TaskManagementPlane
DataAggregation Distortion | Message Injection or Modification
Figure – Sensor Network Protocol Stack
32. Attacks on specific protocols
Selective forwarding: A malicious node refuses to forward all or a subset of
the packets it receives and simply drops them. If a malicious node drops all
the packets, the attack is then called black hole.
CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
32
Acknowledgement spoofing: Spoof link layer
acknowledgements (ACKs) to trick other
nodes to believe that a link or node is either
dead or alive.
Attack against TinyOS beaconing: The base
station periodically broadcasts beacons or
“route updates”. An attacker can use this
mechanism to create routing loops by
announcing a different node as the BS.
Figure-Attack againstTinyOS beaconing
33. Spoofed, altered, or replayed routing
information
33
CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
This type of attack may be used for:
loop construction
attracting or repelling
traffic,
extending or shortening
the source route
In this example, an adversary
pollutes the entire network by
sending bogus routing
information stating for instance
that “I am the base station”. Figure -An adversary spoofing a routing update from a
base station
34. Wormhole and Sinkhole Attacks
The attacker uses two
transceivers and one high
quality out-of-band channel in
order to create a ‘wormhole’.
Then, the attacker tunnels the
packets received at one
location of the network and
replays them in another
location.
The wormhole can drop packets
directly (sinkhole) or more
subtly selectively forward
packets to avoid detection.
CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
34
Wormhole link
Figure -A laptop-class adversary using a wormhole to create a
sinkhole inTinyOS beaconing.
35. HELLO Flood Attack
CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
35
Every new node broadcasts “Hello messages” to
find its neighbors. Also, it broadcasts its
route to the BS.
Other nodes may choose to route data through
this new node if the path is shorter.
A laptop-class adversary that can retransmit a
routing update with enough power to be
received by the entire network leaves many
nodes stranded.
Target nodes attempt to reply, but the adversary
node is out of radio range. However, they
have chosen this node as their parent
This attack puts the network in a state of
confusion.
Figure - HELLO flood attack.
36. Sybil Attack
“a malicious node
illegitimately claims
multiple identities”
The Sybil attack can
disrupt geographic and
multi-path routing
protocols.
36
Adversary A at actual location (3,2) forges location advertisements for
non-existent nodes A1, A2, and A3 as well as advertising her own
location. After hearing these advertisements, if B wants to send a
message to C: (0,2), it will attempt to do so through A3. This
transmission can be overheard and handled by the adversary A.
37. Confidentiality is provided through the use of encryption technologies.
Cryptographic algorithms such as the DES, RC5, RSA are used to
protect the secrecy of a message.
MAC (Message Authentication Code) or Digital Signature Algorithms
(DSA) can be used to assure the recipient’s integrity of the data and
authenticity of the message
Digital Signatures can be used to ensure non-repudiation.
Availability can be achieved by adding redundant nodes. Multi path and
probabilistic routing can also be used to minimize the impact of
unavailability.
Data freshness is ensured by adding a counter value in each message.
Overview of Countermeasures
37CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
38. • SNEP (Secure Network Encryption Protocol)
• μTESLA
• TinySec
1. authenticated encryption (TinySec-AE)
Data payload is encrypted
MAC is used to authenticate packet
2. authentication only (TinySec-Auth)
Standalone Security Protocols for WSNs
38CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
40. • Link layer security
– Simple link layer encryption and authentication using a globally
shared key can prevent the majority of outsider attacks: bogus
routing information, Sybil, Selective Forwarding, Sinkholes.
– Link layer security mechanisms provide little protection against
insiders, HELLO floods, and Wormholes.
• Wormhole and sinkhole attacks
– Routing protocols that construct a topology initiated by a base station
are the most vulnerable against these types of attacks.
Solution: Geographic protocols that construct topology on demand
using localized node interactions instead of using the base station.
Secure Routing – Countermeasures
40CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
41. • Various security mechanisms have been proposed to address the
security concerns of WSNs.
• Despite the fast development of computer security mechanisms,
the scale and complexity of the generated wireless data put major
challenges to the representation and understanding of security-
relevant network information.
• To address this issue, efficient visualization techniques have been
adopted by the researchers to bridge the gap.
A new security discipline emerges!
Network Security Visualization
41CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
42. • Network traffic visualization is one of the first directions to take when it
comes to understanding, and analyzing information in vast amounts of
network data.
• Many visualization tools graphically monitor real-world or simulated
WSNs (e.g. Surge, MoteView, Octopus, SNA, TOSSIM, OPNET, NS-3).
• While these tools offer some form of visualization, they are designed for
applications other than wireless security. Accordingly, these tools:
– lack the specialized techniques in visualizing security-related data.
– tend to miss abnormalities and security attacks that occur
unpredictably.
Until now…Visualization only for
network traffic monitoring
42CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides
43. The power of visualization should go beyond the simple ”illustration” of network
behavior in order to help the analysts discriminate between normal and
abnormal network activities.
Network security visualization provides insight into areas that other system fail to
enlighten by integrating visualization and machine learning techniques.
In the near future…
Visualization for network security
43CTTC 2015 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides