The document discusses security issues that arise from using fog computing in internet of things (IoT) systems. It begins with introducing cloud computing, IoT, and fog computing. Fog computing provides benefits over cloud by acting as an intermediate layer between IoT devices and cloud to reduce latency. However, fog introduces new security threats including man-in-the-middle attacks, malicious fog nodes, and privacy issues. The document examines existing security technologies that could help address these threats and proposes that future work develop systems to efficiently analyze logs from fog environments.
This presentation include some of limitations of cloud computing that motivate cisco to come up with new fog computing .Fog is nothing but cloud or we can say it is an extension of the cloud.
Slide deck from our Basics of Computer Networking webinar lead by instructor Daniel Cummins. Networks are as different as the people and organizations that use them. Despite those differences, there are some foundational components that all networks share. Explore different types of networks and the common components that must exist in these networks. Learn more about TCP/IP, the protocol suite that connects the whole world together and look at the ways in which we connect to the world via the Internet. Topics covered include network components, network types, and network protocols. For more information on networking training, visit https://ter.li/37zcnu
Internet of Things (IoT) will enable dramatic society transformation. This seminar presents an introduction to the IoT and explains why IoT Security is important.
Then it presents security issues in wireless sensor networks that constitute a main ingredient of IoT.
Seminar given at Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC) on 28 January 2015.
This presentation include some of limitations of cloud computing that motivate cisco to come up with new fog computing .Fog is nothing but cloud or we can say it is an extension of the cloud.
Slide deck from our Basics of Computer Networking webinar lead by instructor Daniel Cummins. Networks are as different as the people and organizations that use them. Despite those differences, there are some foundational components that all networks share. Explore different types of networks and the common components that must exist in these networks. Learn more about TCP/IP, the protocol suite that connects the whole world together and look at the ways in which we connect to the world via the Internet. Topics covered include network components, network types, and network protocols. For more information on networking training, visit https://ter.li/37zcnu
Internet of Things (IoT) will enable dramatic society transformation. This seminar presents an introduction to the IoT and explains why IoT Security is important.
Then it presents security issues in wireless sensor networks that constitute a main ingredient of IoT.
Seminar given at Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC) on 28 January 2015.
The growth of embedded systems connecting to the Internet or "Internet of Things" (IoT) increases year by year. Thus, the IoT ecosystems become new targets of the attackers. This presentation will talk about the basic principle of information security, why we need to secure IoT ecosystems, and also the vulnerabilities and solutions from OWASP.
IoT Tutorial for Beginners | Internet of Things (IoT) | IoT Training | IoT Te...Edureka!
This "IoT Tutorial For Beginners" by Edureka will help you grasp the basic concepts of Internet of Things & explains, how IoT is trying to revolutionize the world. This IoT tutorial helps you learn following topics:
1. What is Internet of Things
2. Why do we need Internet of Things
3. Benefits of Internet of Things
4. IoT features
5. IoT Demo - Weather Station application using Raspberry Pi and Sense Hat
Subscribe to our Edureka channel to get video updates. Hit the subscribe button above.
#Whatisiot #iot #iottutorial #internetofthings #iotonlinetraining #iotforbeginners
For more information, please write back to us at sales@edureka.co
Call us at US: 1800 275 9730(toll free) or India: +91 88808 62004
Website: https://www.edureka.co
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
hey!!!!! everybody dats was simple ppt on mobile computing as u all aware dat d world is not stationary things are getting change technology is rocking all over so lets get into in it
and plz. dont forget to comment on my work weather u lik or not
There are many different types of networks, which can be used for different purposes. A computer network can be categorized by its size, connectivity, medium, and mobility.
Fog computing, also known as fogging/edge computing, it is a model in which data, processing and applications are concentrated in devices at the network edge rather than existing almost entirely in the cloud.
The term "Fog Computing" was introduced by the Cisco Systems .
Its extended from cloud
Fog Computing is a paradigm that extends Cloud computing and services to the edge of the network. Similar to Cloud, Fog provides data, compute, storage, and application services to end-users. The motivation of Fog computing lies in a series of real scenarios, such as Smart Grid, smart traffic lights in vehicular networks and software defined networks.
In computing, It is the description about Grid Computing.
It gives deep idea about grid, what is grid computing? , why we need it? , why it is so ? etc. History and Architecture of grid computing is also there. Advantages , disadvantages and conclusion is also included.
Autonomic computing is a computer's ability to manage itself automatically through adaptive technologies that further computing capabilities and cut down on the time required by computer professionals to resolve system difficulties and other maintenance such as software updates.
ABSTRACT
Cloud computing promises to significantly change the way we use computers and access and store our personal and business information. With these new computing and communications paradigms arise new data security challenges. Existing data protection mechanisms such as encryption have failed in preventing data theft attacks, especially those perpetrated by an insider to the cloud provider. For securing user data from such attacks a new paradigm called fog computing can be used. Fog Computing is a paradigm that extends Cloud computing and services to the edge of the network. Similar to Cloud, Fog provides data, compute, storage, and application services to end-users. The motivation of Fog computing lies in a series of real scenarios, such as Smart Grid, smart traffic lights in vehicular networks and software defined network .This technique can monitor the user activity to identify the legitimacy and prevent from any unauthorized user access. Here we have discussed this paradigm for preventing misuse of user data and securing information.
The growth of embedded systems connecting to the Internet or "Internet of Things" (IoT) increases year by year. Thus, the IoT ecosystems become new targets of the attackers. This presentation will talk about the basic principle of information security, why we need to secure IoT ecosystems, and also the vulnerabilities and solutions from OWASP.
IoT Tutorial for Beginners | Internet of Things (IoT) | IoT Training | IoT Te...Edureka!
This "IoT Tutorial For Beginners" by Edureka will help you grasp the basic concepts of Internet of Things & explains, how IoT is trying to revolutionize the world. This IoT tutorial helps you learn following topics:
1. What is Internet of Things
2. Why do we need Internet of Things
3. Benefits of Internet of Things
4. IoT features
5. IoT Demo - Weather Station application using Raspberry Pi and Sense Hat
Subscribe to our Edureka channel to get video updates. Hit the subscribe button above.
#Whatisiot #iot #iottutorial #internetofthings #iotonlinetraining #iotforbeginners
For more information, please write back to us at sales@edureka.co
Call us at US: 1800 275 9730(toll free) or India: +91 88808 62004
Website: https://www.edureka.co
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
hey!!!!! everybody dats was simple ppt on mobile computing as u all aware dat d world is not stationary things are getting change technology is rocking all over so lets get into in it
and plz. dont forget to comment on my work weather u lik or not
There are many different types of networks, which can be used for different purposes. A computer network can be categorized by its size, connectivity, medium, and mobility.
Fog computing, also known as fogging/edge computing, it is a model in which data, processing and applications are concentrated in devices at the network edge rather than existing almost entirely in the cloud.
The term "Fog Computing" was introduced by the Cisco Systems .
Its extended from cloud
Fog Computing is a paradigm that extends Cloud computing and services to the edge of the network. Similar to Cloud, Fog provides data, compute, storage, and application services to end-users. The motivation of Fog computing lies in a series of real scenarios, such as Smart Grid, smart traffic lights in vehicular networks and software defined networks.
In computing, It is the description about Grid Computing.
It gives deep idea about grid, what is grid computing? , why we need it? , why it is so ? etc. History and Architecture of grid computing is also there. Advantages , disadvantages and conclusion is also included.
Autonomic computing is a computer's ability to manage itself automatically through adaptive technologies that further computing capabilities and cut down on the time required by computer professionals to resolve system difficulties and other maintenance such as software updates.
ABSTRACT
Cloud computing promises to significantly change the way we use computers and access and store our personal and business information. With these new computing and communications paradigms arise new data security challenges. Existing data protection mechanisms such as encryption have failed in preventing data theft attacks, especially those perpetrated by an insider to the cloud provider. For securing user data from such attacks a new paradigm called fog computing can be used. Fog Computing is a paradigm that extends Cloud computing and services to the edge of the network. Similar to Cloud, Fog provides data, compute, storage, and application services to end-users. The motivation of Fog computing lies in a series of real scenarios, such as Smart Grid, smart traffic lights in vehicular networks and software defined network .This technique can monitor the user activity to identify the legitimacy and prevent from any unauthorized user access. Here we have discussed this paradigm for preventing misuse of user data and securing information.
Fog Computing is a paradigm that extends Cloud computing and services to the edge of the network. Similar to Cloud, Fog provides data, compute, storage, and application services to end-users. The motivation of Fog computing lies in a series of real scenarios, such as Smart Grid, smart traffic lights in vehicular networks and software defined networks,
Fog computing is a term created by Cisco that refers to extending cloud computing to the edge of an enterprise's network.
Cisco introduced its fog computing vision in January 2014 as a way of bringing cloud computing capabilities to the edge of the network .
As the result, closer to the rapidly growing number of connected devices and applications that consume cloud services and generate increasingly massive amounts of data.
An increasing number of Consumer and Internet Internet of Things applications require some form of edge computing characterised by low latency, peer-to-peer communication, and mobility. Fog computing has recently emerged as the paradigm to address the needs of edge computing in IoT applications. Fog computing complements Cloud computing to allow the design and implementation of IoT systems that scale better, are more reactive and in which local communication and decision is enabled whenever possible.
This presentation introduces the key concepts behind Fog Computing, compare and contrast it with Cloud Computing and explain how the VORTEX platform enables Fog computing architectures.
Fog computing factory in alliance nearly bovine computing, optimizing the use of this resource. Currently, crush exercise matter is abeyance to the backward, stored and analyzed, limitation which a decision is made and action taken. But this practices isn’t efficient. Utter computing allows computing, honest and action-taking to enter into the picture near IoT belongings and only pushes relevant matter to the cloud. “Fuzz distributes not at all bad quick-wittedness near at the service better accordingly we nub run this torrent of observations,” explains Baker. “So we thus adjustment it newcomer disabuse of uphold data into unalloyed hint go wool-gathering has favour lose concentration gear up gets forwarded up to the cloud. We posterior then heap up it into data warehouses; we bum do predictive analysis.” This beyond to the data-path send away for is enabled by the increased count functionality that manufacturers such as Cisco are building into their edge switches and routers. Fog Computing plays a role. Nonetheless it is a advanced pronunciation, this technology ahead has a designation backing bowels the globe of the modish data centre and the cloud. Bringing details adjust to the user. The middle of facts zoological unbecoming near the unresponsive creates a straightforward convene to cache observations or other help. These services would be located actual to the end-user to proceed on latency concerns and data access. Rather than of conformation inform at data centre sites anent outlandish the end-point, the Fuzz aims to place the data close to the end-user. Creating purblind geographical distribution. Fogginess computing extends forthright clouded advice by creating a help network which sits at numerous points. This, screen, geographically verbose infrastructure helps in numerous ways. Foremost of enclosing, chunky details and analytics arise be unalloyed faster with better results. Gifted-bodied, administrators are able to on ice location-based
The term “fog computing” or “edge computing” means that rather than hosting and working from a centralized cloud, fog systems operate on network ends. It is a term for placing some processes and resources at the edge of the cloud, instead of establishing channels for cloud storage and utilization.
IoT Security: Problems, Challenges and SolutionsLiwei Ren任力偉
As a novel computing platform in network, IoT will bring many security challenges to enterprise networks, and create new opportunities for security industry. This talk will provide a general overview of enterprise network security problems, especially the data security, caused by IoT. After that, a few existing security technologies are evaluated as necessary elements of a holistic network security that cover IoT devices. These technologies include : (a) IoT security monitoring and control; (b) FOTA for firmware vulnerability management; (c) NetFlow based big data security analysis. In the end, the practice of standard security protocols (such as OpenIoC and IODEF) will be strongly advocated for delivering effective IoT security solutions.
Security in the Internet Of Things.
Every IoT project must be designed with security in mind. Identity Relationship Management is a must for a successful IoT implementation.
Internet of Things (IoT) - We Are at the Tip of An IcebergDr. Mazlan Abbas
You are likely benefitting from The Internet of Things (IoT) today, whether or not you’re familiar with the term. If your phone automatically connects to your car radio, or if you have a smartwatch counting your steps, congratulations! You have adopted one small piece of a very large IoT pie, even if you haven't adopted the name yet.
IoT may sound like a business buzzword, but in reality, it’s a real technological revolution that will impact everything we do. It's the next IT Tsunami of new possibility that is destined to change the face of technology, as we know it. IoT is the interconnectivity between things using wireless communication technology (each with their own unique identifiers) to connect objects, locations, animals, or people to the Internet, thus allowing for the direct transmission of and seamless sharing of data.
IoT represents a massive wave of technical innovation. Highly valuable companies will be built and new ecosystems will emerge from bridging the offline world with the online into one gigantic new network. Our limited understanding of the possibilities hinders our ability to see future applications for any new technology. Mainstream adoption of desktop computers and the Internet didn’t take hold until they became affordable and usable. When that occurred, fantastic and creative new innovation ensued. We are on the cusp of that tipping point with the Internet of Things.
IoT matters because it will create new industries, new companies, new jobs, and new economic growth. It will transform existing segments of our economy: retail, farming, industrial, logistics, cities, and the environment. It will turn your smartphone into the command center for the both digital and physical objects in your life. You will live and work smarter, not harder – and what we are seeing now is only the tip of the iceberg.
SAM-IoT: Securing low power device communication in critical infrastructure m...Brain IoT Project
Keynote presented during Eclipse SAM-IoT 2020
In this keynote, we will present an overview of a secure IoT data transmission ecosystem. This overview will be completed with a concrete example of a water management use case from the Brain-IoT project. In this use case, to ensure high trust in the device’s data, we integrated an end-to-end security layer that is compatible with battery-less devices with high constraints in terms of energy, power computation and bandwidth.
Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming an emerging trend superseding other technologies and researchers considered it as the future of internet. As now the connectivity to the World Wide Web is becoming highly available cost is drastically decreasing so everyone can afford the technology. As Internet of Things provides a great opportunity to develop an important industrial systems and applications with the help of various kind of sensors that can sense out the environment using number of devices that is connected to the internet, usage of IoT is drastically increasing and becoming a common thing. With this sky-rocketed usage and the demand, Communication and storing of the information faces serious security issues as the security of IoT devices become just an afterthought when manufacturing most of the devices. This study tries to summarize this IoT security issues in terms of primary information security concepts confidentiality, integrity and availability with regards to its architecture.
In the past decade, internet of things IoT has been a focus of research. It makes more intelligent to core element of modern world such as hospitals, cities, organizations, and buildings. Usually, IoT has four major components including sensing, information processing, applications and services, heterogeneous access and additional components e.g. Security and privacy. In this paper, we are presenting security perspective from the perspective of layers that comprises IoT. In this we focus on the overview of IoT security perspective. Sunilkumar Malge | Pallavi Singh ""Internet of Things (IoT): Security Perspective"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd24010.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/24010/internet-of-things-iot-security-perspective/sunilkumar-malge
A Novel Security Approach for Communication using IOTIJEACS
The Internet of Things (IOT) is the arrangement of physical articles or "things" introduced with equipment, programming, sensors, and framework accessibility, which enables these things to accumulate and exchange data. Here outlining security convention for the Internet of Things, and execution of this relating security convention on the inserted gadgets. This convention will cover the honesty of messages and verification of every customer by giving a productive confirmation component. By this venture the protected correspondence is executed on implanted gadgets.
IoT References:
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-secure-your-iot-devices-from-botnets-and-other-threats/
https://www.peerbits.com/blog/biggest-iot-security-challenges.html
https://www.bankinfosecurity.asia/securing-iot-devices-challenges-a-11138
https://www.sumologic.com/blog/iot-security/
https://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/number-connected-iot-devices-will-surge-125-billion-2030-ihs-markit-says
https://cdn.ihs.com/www/pdf/IoT_ebook.pdf
https://go.armis.com/hubfs/Buyers%E2%80%99%20Guide%20to%20IoT%20Security%20-Final.pdf
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/smart-farming-how-iot-robotics-and-ai-are-tackling-one-of-the-biggest-problems-of-the-century/
Video Resources:What is the Internet of Things (IoT) and how can we secure it?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_X6IP1-NDc
What is the problem with IoT security? - Gary explains
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3yrk4TaIQQ
Final Research Project - Securing IoT Devices: What are the Challenges?
Internet security, in general, is a challenge that we have been dealing with for decades. It is a regular topic of discussion and concern, but a relatively new segment of internet security is getting most attention—internet of things (IoT). So why is internet of things security so important?
The high growth rate of IoT should get the attention of cybersecurity professionals. The rate at which new technology goes to market is inversely proportional to the amount of security that gets designed into the product. According to IHS Markit, “The number of connected IoT devices worldwide will jump 12 percent on average annually, from nearly 27 billion in 2017 to 125 billion in 2030.”
IoT devices are quite a bit different from other internet-connected devices such as laptops and servers. They are designed with a single purpose in mind, usually running minimal software with minimal resources to serve that purpose. Adding the capability to run and update security software is often not taken into consideration.
Due to the lack of security integrated into IoT devices, they present significant risks that must be addressed. IoT security is the practice of understanding and mitigating these risks. Let’s consider the challenges of IoT security and how we can address them.
Some security practitioners suggest that key IoT security steps include:
1. Make people aware that there is a threat to security;
2. Design a technical solution to reduce security vulnerabilities;
3. Align the legal and regulatory frameworks; and
4. Develop a workforce with the skills to handle IoT security.
Final Assignment - Project Plan (Deliverables):
1) Address each of the FOURIoT security steps listed above in terms of IoT devices.
2) Explain in detail, in a step-by-step guide, how to make people more aware of the problems associated with the use of IoT devices.
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Personal data breaches and securing IoT devices
· By Damon Culbert (2019)
The Internet of Things (IoT) is taking the world b.
INTERNET OF THINGS A STUDY ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY THREATSMd .docxvrickens
INTERNET OF THINGS: A STUDY ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY THREATS
Md Husamuddin
Dept. of computer science
College of CS and IT, Al-Baha University
Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Dr. [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The current world is driven by new, developing technologies. This has resulted in a variety of smart devices in the society that has impacted positively on the lives of people in the community. However, the organization has been experiencing threats and cyberattacks that mostly targets the private information. Therefore, in this paper, my discussion is centered on the different applications of the internet of things as well as security threats that are involved.
Keywords: security, privacy.
INTRODUCTION
The Internet of things is the most significant of the future of the internet. IoT has a global network through which ant object can connect with the other devices that are also linked on the internet. These devices include computers, tabs, cell phones, among many others. Generally, the internet of things is a system made up of connected things. This machine contains a microchip that connects all the methods related to it. Microchips serve the function of tracking the surrounding of the network and to give the report in case of any findings pertaining to the internet. The meaning of PC wrongdoing and cloud wrongdoing will be come to out to the IoT wrongdoing, which talks to any malignant development that incorporates the IoT worldview as within the IoT contraptions, organizations, or correspondence channels can be a subject, thing, or gadget recognized with the infringement. To investigate these sorts of cases, it is required to execute computerized crime scene examination technique within the IoT to choose the substances around an event. The meaning of a capable and adjust IoT progressed lawful sciences method is still at its unimaginable intrigued (Husamuddin, 2015). The most significant part of IoT is that it makes it possible for different entities to be communicated and to be accessed via the internet. This is very economical as a result, attracts many devices to be connected to the internet (Balte &Patil,2015). Research shows that more than 40 billion devices in 2019 got connected, and a higher risk of this is expected in the current year.
SECURITY REQUIREMENTS
The rate at which technologies are emerging is so high, and this has lead to threats as well as a privacy issue. The smart devices arising from this technology will interact with other devices and transmit information in the network (Balte, &Patil,2015). If a computer gets infected, the effects ripples to other devices in the system; thus, the whole internet infrastructure would be at risk. As soon as an attack spot has been identified, it is feasible to enumerate the safety vulnerabilities and risk prone regions requiring defense-in-intensity protection. Such safety refers to a typically used approach to protect important data on company networks wherein security controls ...
A Survey Report on : Security & Challenges in Internet of Thingsijsrd.com
In the era of computing technology, Internet of Things (IoT) devices are now popular in each and every domains like e-governance, e-Health, e-Home, e-Commerce, and e-Trafficking etc. Iot is spreading from small to large applications in all fields like Smart Cities, Smart Grids, Smart Transportation. As on one side IoT provide facilities and services for the society. On the other hand, IoT security is also a crucial issues.IoT security is an area which totally concerned for giving security to connected devices and networks in the IoT .As, IoT is vast area with usability, performance, security, and reliability as a major challenges in it. The growth of the IoT is exponentially increases as driven by market pressures, which proportionally increases the security threats involved in IoT The relationship between the security and billions of devices connecting to the Internet cannot be described with existing mathematical methods. In this paper, we explore the opportunities possible in the IoT with security threats and challenges associated with it.
Final Research Project - Securing IoT Devices What are the Challe.docxvoversbyobersby
Final Research Project - Securing IoT Devices: What are the Challenges?
Internet security, in general, is a challenge that we have been dealing with for decades. It is a regular topic of discussion and concern, but a relatively new segment of internet security is getting most attention—internet of things (IoT). So why is internet of things security so important?
The high growth rate of IoT should get the attention of cybersecurity professionals. The rate at which new technology goes to market is inversely proportional to the amount of security that gets designed into the product. According to IHS Markit, “The number of connected IoT devices worldwide will jump 12 percent on average annually, from nearly 27 billion in 2017 to 125 billion in 2030.”
IoT devices are quite a bit different from other internet-connected devices such as laptops and servers. They are designed with a single purpose in mind, usually running minimal software with minimal resources to serve that purpose. Adding the capability to run and update security software is often not taken into consideration.
Due to the lack of security integrated into IoT devices, they present significant risks that must be addressed. IoT security is the practice of understanding and mitigating these risks. Let’s consider the challenges of IoT security and how we can address them.
Some security practitioners suggest that key IoT security steps include:
1. Make people aware that there is a threat to security;
2. Design a technical solution to reduce security vulnerabilities;
3. Align the legal and regulatory frameworks; and
4. Develop a workforce with the skills to handle IoT security.
Final Assignment - Project Plan (Deliverables):
1) Address each of the FOURIoT security steps listed above in terms of IoT devices.
2) Explain in detail, in a step-by-step guide, how to make people more aware of the problems associated with the use of IoT devices.
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I have to create a matrix with unique pointers and do the following :
1.Matrix a, b
2.Matrix c(b)
3.Matrix d=a
4.Matrix e=a+b
Every element from matrix is a unique pointer. First, I have to create a class matrix with constructor destructor(rule of 5 if it is possible).
At first in main, I have to create 2 object a, b, Matrix type.
At 2.I have to create another object c that have as constructor the object b
3.to copy all element from matrix a to d
4.To add Matrix a with Matrix b and the sum to be copy in Matrix e
IoT References:
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-secure-your-iot-devices-from-botnets-and-other-threats/
https://www.peerbits.com/blog/biggest-iot-security-challenges.html
https://www.bankinfosecurity.asia/securing-iot-devices-challenges-a-11138
https://www.sumologic.com/blog/iot-security/
https://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/number-connected-iot-devices-will-surge-125-billion-2030-ihs-markit-says
https://cdn.ihs.com/www/pdf/IoT_ebook.pdf
https://go.armis.com/hubfs/Buyers%E2%80%99%20G ...
IoT References:
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-secure-your-iot-devices-from-botnets-and-other-threats/
https://www.peerbits.com/blog/biggest-iot-security-challenges.html
https://www.bankinfosecurity.asia/securing-iot-devices-challenges-a-11138
https://www.sumologic.com/blog/iot-security/
https://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/number-connected-iot-devices-will-surge-125-billion-2030-ihs-markit-says
https://cdn.ihs.com/www/pdf/IoT_ebook.pdf
https://go.armis.com/hubfs/Buyers%E2%80%99%20Guide%20to%20IoT%20Security%20-Final.pdf
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/smart-farming-how-iot-robotics-and-ai-are-tackling-one-of-the-biggest-problems-of-the-century/
Video Resources:What is the Internet of Things (IoT) and how can we secure it?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_X6IP1-NDc
What is the problem with IoT security? - Gary explains
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3yrk4TaIQQ
What are the Challenges of IoT Security?
IoT has many of the same security challenges that other systems have. There are, however, some challenges that are unique to IoT.
1. Embedded Passwords. Embedding passwords in IoT devices make it easy for remote support technicians to access devices for troubleshooting and simplifies the installation of multiple devices. Of course, it also simplifies access to devices for malicious purposes.
2. Lack of device authentication. Allowing IoT devices access to the network without authenticating opens the network to unknown and unauthorized devices. Rogue devices can serve as an entry point for attacks or even as a source of attacks.
3. Patching and upgrading. Some IoT devices do not provide a simple (or any) means to patch or upgrade software. This results in many IoT devices with vulnerabilities continuing to be in use.
4. Physical hardening. Physical access to IoT devices can introduce risk if those devices are not hardened against physical attack. Such an attack may not be intended to damage the device, but rather to extract information. Simply removing a microSD memory card to read its contents can give an attacker private data, as well as information such as embedded passwords that may allow access to other devices.
5. Outdated components. When vulnerabilities are discovered in hardware or software components of IoT devices, it can be difficult and expensive for manufacturers or users to update or replace them. As with patches, this results in many IoT devices with vulnerabilities continuing to be used.
6. Device monitoring and management. IoT devices do not always have a unique identifier that facilitates asset tracking, monitoring, and management. IT personnel do not necessarily consider IoT devices among the hosts that they monitor and manage. Asset tracking systems sometimes neglect to include IoT devices, so they sit on the network without being managed or monitored.
Most of these issues can be attributed to security being an afterthought (if a thought at all) in the design and manufacturing of IoT devices. Even tho ...
The internet of things (io t) : IoT academy AnkitThakkar46
The Internet of things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
“The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of
interrelated computing devices, mechanical and
digital machines, objects, animals or people that
are provided with unique identifiers and the
ability to transfer data over a network without
requiring human-to-human or
human-to-computer interaction.”
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBrad Spiegel Macon GA
Brad Spiegel Macon GA’s journey exemplifies the profound impact that one individual can have on their community. Through his unwavering dedication to digital inclusion, he’s not only bridging the gap in Macon but also setting an example for others to follow.
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
Ellisha Heppner, Grant Management Lead, presented an update on APNIC Foundation to the PNG DNS Forum held from 6 to 10 May, 2024 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
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# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
Internet security encompasses the measures and protocols used to protect information, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. It involves a wide range of practices designed to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Effective internet security is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments alike, as cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and scale.
### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and Guidelines
Security Issues of IoT with Fog
1. SECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG.
Achu Anna Antony
S1 M.Tech CSE
Roll No: 01
Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas
Assistant Professor, CSE
November 9, 2016
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 1 / 25
3. INTRODUCTION
Cloud: Storing and accessing data and programs over the
Internet instead of computer’s hard drive.
IoT : Everyday objects(IoT nodes) connected through
Internet, allowing them to send and receive data
IoT uses:
Internet : Infrastructure to interconnect IoT nodes
Cloud: Background supporting infrastructure
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 3 / 25
4. INTRODUCTION contd...
Huge network latency and Backend overhead occurs as data
to be processed increases in IoT cloud. So IoT uses,
Fog as a solution : ie.. intermediate computing buffer between
IoT nodes and Cloud
Adoption of IoT fog can cause many security threats, which is
explored throughout
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 4 / 25
5. EXISTING SYSTEM
Title:- ”Fog Computing and Its Role in the Internet of Things”
(F.Bonomi, R. Milito, J. Zhu, and S. Addepalli)
Proposed:
Fog Computing - Extension of cloud computing Features used
Features:
Highly virtualized platform
Limitations
Multi fog OS prevents from access of other OS. If there occur
any problem on Kernel mode, it does not prevent.
Figure: Fog with computing features
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 5 / 25
6. EXISTING SYSTEM contd...
Title:-”The Fog Computing Paradigm: Scenarios and Security
Issues” (I. Stojmenovic and W. Sheng)
Proposed:
Man in the middle attack- Fog devices get replaced by fake
ones.
Features:
Intrusion Detection method signature, behavioural or anomaly
based detection method
Limitations
Protection methods like encryption and decryption of data
consume large amount of battery on mobile devices.
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 6 / 25
7. EXISTING SYSTEM contd...
Title:- Semantics-Aware Android Malware Classification Using
Weighted Contextual API Dependency Graphs (M. Zhang, Y.
Duan, H. Yun, and Z.Zhao)
Proposed:
Android based malware detection
Features:
Uses Signature based approach for detection of malware
Graphs are generated from behaviour graphs and convert it to
signature and stores in database.
Limitations
Detection of malware from unknown or new malware family
will be hectic.
Figure: Android based malware to signature conversion[4]
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 7 / 25
8. FOG COMPUTING
Fog computing is an extension of cloud computing paradigm,
but is a more highly virtualized platform that provides
computation, storage, and networking services between end
IoT devices and back-end cloud servers.
Figure: The hierarchical fog computing architecture
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 8 / 25
9. ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS OF FOG
Advantages
Greater business agility
Low latency
Geo distribution
Lower operating expense
Applications
Geographically distributed applications
Fast mobile applications
Large-scale distributed control systems
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 9 / 25
10. PROBLEM STATEMENT
As fog infrastructure is prone to many security threats, there
is a need for studying about them deeply so as the methods
discussed in the proposed systems is needed to combine which
is examined in the proposed system
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 10 / 25
11. RELEVANT SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES
Security technology for IoT network
When client wants to access cloud services, he must go
through authentication process to ensure confidentiality and
security for IoT network.
Authorized users can access cloud with mobile devices.
Protocol is of two phases: Registration and Authentication.
Figure: Authentication as a service
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 11 / 25
12. RELEVANT SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES contd...
Security technology for fog node
In fog Computing, much of the information is gathered into
fog node.
If a wrong information is spread by exploiting vulnerability is a
big problem.
So need dynamic analysis techniques to monitor fog node in
real time
Typically, the performance overhead of dynamic analysis is
high.
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 12 / 25
13. RELEVANT SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES contd...
Security technology for IoT node
When some IoT nodes are out of order or provide wrong
information, it can affect people.
Attacker has many chances to compromise various devices
with sensors.
The attacker is able to predict user behavior and abuse its
information.
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 13 / 25
14. RELEVANT SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES contd...
For IoT nodes, to be truly secure, an IoT node must also
obtain application layer security.
That means that the node itself, and not just the
communication channel (i.e. the pipe), should be
authenticated.
In addition to channel authentication, encryption and data
integrity should be established at the application layer to
protect the data flowing through the pipe.
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 14 / 25
15. SECURITY AND PRIVACY ISSUES IN FOG
COMPUTING
Man- in- the middle Attack
In this attack, gateways serving as fog devices may be
compromised or replaced by fake ones.
Use a strong encryption between the client and the server and
never connect to open WiFi routers directly.
Encryption and decryption methods consume large amount of
battery on mobile device.
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 15 / 25
16. SECURITY AND PRIVACY ISSUES IN FOG
COMPUTING contd...
Intrusion Detection
Intrusion detection system analyzes and monitors
i) access control policy, ii) a log file, and iii)user log
information in order to detect intrusion behavior.
It can be run on network side in order to detect malicious
activity such as DoS, port scanning.
Intrusion detection techniques have been applied to mitigate
attacks such as i) insider attack, ii) flooding attack, iii) port
scanning, iv) attacks on VM or hypervisor.
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 16 / 25
17. SECURITY AND PRIVACY ISSUES IN FOG
COMPUTING contd...
Malicious Fog node problem
In order to provide service to user, fog nodes process data
received from the IoT devices.
If the workloads is heavy, it is divided into several jobs and
processed by several fog nodes.
If some fog nodes are compounded by a malicious user, it is
difficult to ensure the integrity of the data.
Before the computation begin, fog nodes must trust each
other.
An authentication protocol is required.
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 17 / 25
18. SECURITY AND PRIVACY ISSUES IN FOG
COMPUTING contd...
Malicious Detection Technique
When some fog nodes are compromised, hybrid detection
technique is useful to detect malicious code in fog nodes.
It is combined with signature-based detection technique and
behavior-based detection technique.
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 18 / 25
19. SECURITY AND PRIVACY ISSUES IN FOG
COMPUTING contd...
Data Protection
Messages generated from IoT devices is sent to the nearest
fog nodes.
When distributed and processed data is merged, the integrity
of the data should be guaranteed.
Because of limited resources, it is difficult to encrypt or
decrypt data on IoT device so light-weight encryption
algorithms or masking techniques are required.
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 19 / 25
20. SECURITY AND PRIVACY ISSUES IN FOG
COMPUTING contd...
Data Management Issues
Fog nodes are geographically distributed, making it difficult to
know data location.
The user wants to be provided with the same services in other
areas.
It is difficult for user to know whether the node provides the
same service.
Some fog nodes by having duplicated files will cause a waste
of resources.
IoT will create enormous amounts of data there is a need for
distributed intelligence and so-called fast Big Data processing.
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 20 / 25
21. SECURITY AND PRIVACY ISSUES IN FOG
COMPUTING contd...
Every communication deployment of IoT is unique.
However, there are four basic stages that are common to just
about every IoT application. Those components are:
data collection,
data transmission,
data assessment, and
response to the available information.
Successful data management is therefore very important to
the success of IoT.
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 21 / 25
22. CONCLUSION
IoT cloud with fog embedded system can overcome
congestion problem
network latency
Fog computing provides the improved quality of services to
the user by complementing shortages of IoT cloud.
IoT technology can be utilized in various fields in the future.
This presentation highlights the need to configure the secure
fog computing environment through security technologies
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 22 / 25
23. FUTURE WORKS
Future work should be done to develop a system for efficiently
collect and analyze various logs generated in fog computing
environment..
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 23 / 25
24. REFERENCES
[1] Kanghyo Lee , Donghyun Kim, Dongsoo Ha, Ubaidullah Rajput
and Heekuck Oh,”On Security and Privacy Issues of Fog
Computing supported Internet of Things Environment,”Hanyang
University, ERICA Campus, South Korea,2015.
[2] L.M.Vaquero and L.Rodero-Merino,Finding your Way in
Fog:Towards a Comprehensive Definition of Fog Computing, ACM
SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, vol.44, Oct. 2014.
[3] F.Bonomi, R.Milito, J.Zhu, and S.Addepalli,Fog Computing and
Its Role in the Internet of Things, Proceedings of the first edition
of the MCC workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing,Aug.2012.
[4] I.Stojmenovic and W.Sheng,The Fog Computing Paradigm:
Scenarios and Security Issues, Federated Conference on Computer
Science and Information Systems, pp.1-8, Sept. 2014.
[5] M.Zhang, Y.Duan, H.Yun, and Z.Zhao,Semantics-Aware
Android Malware Classification Using Weighted Contextual API
Dependency Graphs, Proceedings of the 2014 ACM SIGSAC
Conference on Computer and Communications Security, Nov.2014.
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25. THANK YOU
Achu Anna Antony S1 M.Tech CSE Roll No: 01 Guide: Mr.Bino Thomas Assistant Professor, CSESECURITY ISSUES OF IOT WITH FOG. 25 / 25
