This document discusses the process for constructing overhead transmission line foundations. It outlines several types of foundations depending on soil conditions, including normal dry soil, partially submerged soil, and fully submerged soil. The construction process involves 11 steps: surveying and pit marking, excavation, plain cement concrete, stub setting, steel reinforcement, concreting, curing, de-shuttering and template removal, grounding installation, backfilling and compacting, and leveling or removing excess soil. Additional details are provided for some of the key steps in the construction process.

1. OVERHEAD
TRANSMISSION LINES
FOUNDATION WORK

2. TYPE OF FOUNDATION
 NORMAL DRY
 To be used for location in normal day cohesive or non-cohesive soils
 PARTIALLY SUB-MERGED
 To be used at locations where sub soil water table is met between 0.75
meter below the ground line.
 FULLY SUB-MERGED
 To be used at locations where sub-soil water table is met at less than
0.75 meter below the ground line.
 Wet
 To used for locations:
1. Where sub-soil water is met at 1.5 m or more below the ground line.
2. Which are in surface water for long periods with water penetration not
exceeding one meter below the ground
3. In black cotton soil
OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINE CONSTRUCTION 2

3. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
1. SURVEYING AND PIT MARKING
2. EXCAVATION
3. PCC (Plain Cement Concrete)
4. STUB SETTING
5. STEEL REINFORCEMENT
6. CONCRETING
7. CURING
8. DE-SHUTTERING & TEMPLATE REMOVAL
9. GROUNDING INSTALLATION
10. BACKFILLING and COMPACTING.
11. LEVELING or REMOVAL OF EXCESS SOIL
12. GABION WALLS
OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINE CONSTRUCTION 3

4. SURVEYING AND PIT MARKING
 Insert of Bench Marks (BM) with GPS;
 Peg marking of tower locations;
 Peg marking for each leg of tower;
 Marking the pit with tape or lime
 Submission of surveying and documentation
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5. EXCAVATION
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Excavation will be done in accordance with classification of soil.
If the excavation is expected to encounter water through
groundwater, leaking pipes, storm water, or other sources, a
dewatering system will be provided.
 Excavation according surveying and work drawings;
 Footing excavation;
 Topographic control of dimensions and quotas;
 Excavation protection or Placement of protective barriers;
 Submission and documentation of excavation works
 Leveling or removal of excavation soils

6. PCC (PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE)
 Leveling of surface of foundation after excavation;
 Laying of Plain Cement Concrete;
 Submission of surveying and documentation
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7. STUB SETTINGS
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 Erection of template or les according drawings;
 Placement of concrete tiles for stubs supports
 Stub fixation according dimensions ;
 Topographic control of dimensions and quotas;
 Tightening of tower body/legs or templates;
 Submission and documentation of stub settings

8. STEEL REINFORCEMENT
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 Preparation of steel reinforcement in warehouse;
 Control of dimensions and quality;
 Installation of steel reinforcement in foundation ;
 Final checking according approved drawings;
 Submission of documentation

9. CONCRETING
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 Control of documentation of stub settings and steel reinforcement ;
 Erection of formwork;
 Approval of concrete formula;
 Preparation and placement of concrete;
 Testing of Fresh Concrete and Compressive Strength;
 Topographic control of dimensions and quotas in topo of stubs;
 Submission and documentation of concrete process

10. CURING
The test specimens will be left in the mold for at least 16
hours, but no longer than 3days, protected against shock,
vibration, and dehydration at a temperature of (20 ± 5) ºC
(or (25 ± 5) ºC in hot climates.
After removal from the mold, the test specimens will be
cured immediately before testing, in water at a temperature
of (20 ± 2) ºC, or in a chamber at (20 ± 2) ºC and relative
humidity ≥ 95%.
TEMPLATE REMOVAL
Template Dismantling procedure will start only when the
engineer decides so and always before the removal of the
shuttering. This procedure must be seen as the inverse of the
erection method.
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11. GROUNDING INSTALLATION
• The cutting of grounding materials as the approved drawing
shows.
• Positioning and fixation of the grounding material on their
final position.
• Start of backfilling procedures.
• When the backfilling has finished the electrical resistance will
be measured and recorded.
BACKFILLING and COMPACTING
 Backfill shall be placed in layers
 The materials shall be compacted
 periodically perform backfill soil density tests
 All backfill of the tower foundation shall be protected
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LEVELING OR REMOVAL OF EXCESS SOIL
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13. GABION WALLS
 Ease of handling and transportation
 Speed of construction
 Flexibility (Gabions tolerate movement)
 Permeability to water (Good drainage)
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OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES
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OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES
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No. Desription Location No. of Tower Length Investor
1 OHL DC 220 kV HPP Moglice - Elbasan Albania 105 pcs 50 km Statkraft
2 OHL SC 110 kV HPP Banje - Cerrik Albania 40 pcs 11 km Statkraft
3 OHL SC 110 kV Babice - Saranda Albania 90 pcs 30 km Transmission System Operator
4 OHL SC 110 kV Uznove - Corovode Albania 99 pcs 33 km Transmission System Operator
5 OHL DC 220 kV HPP Fang and Pshqesh Albania 10 pcs 4.5 km Ayen Energy
6 OHL SC 400 kV Koman - Kosove Albania 33 pcs - Transmission System Operator
7 OHL SC 110 kV Rrashbull - Kavaje Albania 50 pcs 15 Transmission System Operator
8 OHL SC 400 kV Lastva - Cevo Montenero 60 pcs 30 Transmission System Operator
9 OHL DC 400 kV Lastva - Cevo Montenero 60 pcs 30 Transmission System Operator

16. THANK YOU
Eng. Admir MUKA
e-mail: mukaj.admir@gmail.com
Mobile: +491743897299
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