The document discusses various theories and frameworks of leadership including trait theories, behavioral theories, contingency models, and contemporary approaches like charismatic, transformational, and transactional leadership. It also identifies important skills for effective leadership such as self-awareness, communication, problem solving, influence and empowerment, conflict management, and motivation. Theories indicate that leadership style should match the demands of the particular situation to achieve optimal performance.
Authors: Professor David F. Larcker, Brian Tayan
CGRI Quick Guide Series. Corporate Governance Research Initiative, November 2017
This Research Spotlight provides a summary of the academic literature on shareholder activism, including:
• The impact of union activism on corporate outcomes.
• The performance of socially responsible investment funds.
• The impact of activist hedge funds on effecting change.
• The impact of activist hedge funds on short- and long-term corporate performance.
This Research Spotlight expands upon issues introduced in the Quick Guide “Investors and Activism”.
Total Quality Management (TQM) is an organization-wide intervention aimed at increasing customer satisfaction through improving quality. [1] TQM targets the entire organization, including suppliers and customers, and requires changing the organizational culture and philosophy. [2] The purpose is to make quality the standard approach across all processes. [3] Effectiveness is measured through increased customer satisfaction and metrics like reduced defects, higher sales and market share. [4] Research shows successful TQM programs report gains in these areas after a long-term commitment to cultural and systemic change. [5] Outcomes must be continuously assessed for TQM to be effective long-term. [6] Successful implementation requires participation and commitment from all levels, especially top
This document discusses stakeholder theory and the responsibilities of corporations towards their various stakeholders. It defines stakeholder theory as a framework that addresses moral and ethical values in business management. A corporation has responsibilities towards both internal stakeholders like shareholders, employees, and management as well as external stakeholders like customers, suppliers, creditors, competitors, society, and the government. The document provides examples of specific responsibilities towards each stakeholder group and concludes that an ethical organization recognizes its duties towards all stakeholders.
The eclectic paradigm proposes that there are three main advantages that influence a firm's international production:
1) Ownership-specific advantages such as trademarks, production techniques, or entrepreneurial skills.
2) Location-specific advantages like raw materials, low wages, or taxes in a particular country.
3) Internalization advantages where firms choose to internally produce rather than through partnerships to exploit firm-specific advantages.
The paradigm also notes that the significance of these ownership, location, and internalization (OLI) advantages varies across industries, countries, and firms. It provides a framework to analyze what drives international production rather than making predictions.
The Cadbury Committee was set-up in May 1991 by the Financial Reporting Council of the London Stock Exchange.
The committee published its report in December 1992.
Adrian Cadbury the chairman of the Cadbury committee.
The report sets out recommendations on the arrangement of company boards and accounting systems to mitigate corporate governance risks and failures.
They say Culture eats Strategy for breakfast. This is true because the biggest leadership challenge to improving an organisation's internal environment is culture. Without a supportive culture even the most brilliant strategy will not get implemented successfully. Without cultural allignment to changing landscape, at best you will get compliance and with it stress, dysfunctional waste and entropy.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is defined as businesses behaving ethically and contributing to economic development while improving quality of life for employees, local communities, and society. Businesses depend on society for infrastructure, workforce, consumers, and more, so they have a responsibility to give back. CSR can be implemented through adopting strong values, generating stakeholder intelligence, and responding positively to stakeholder issues. It provides benefits like improved reputation, sales, employee retention, and risk management. CSR addresses issues like community assistance, health/welfare, education, human rights, and the environment. Responsibilities include product quality, reasonable prices, ethical advertising, and supporting community programs.
Authors: Professor David F. Larcker, Brian Tayan
CGRI Quick Guide Series. Corporate Governance Research Initiative, November 2017
This Research Spotlight provides a summary of the academic literature on shareholder activism, including:
• The impact of union activism on corporate outcomes.
• The performance of socially responsible investment funds.
• The impact of activist hedge funds on effecting change.
• The impact of activist hedge funds on short- and long-term corporate performance.
This Research Spotlight expands upon issues introduced in the Quick Guide “Investors and Activism”.
Total Quality Management (TQM) is an organization-wide intervention aimed at increasing customer satisfaction through improving quality. [1] TQM targets the entire organization, including suppliers and customers, and requires changing the organizational culture and philosophy. [2] The purpose is to make quality the standard approach across all processes. [3] Effectiveness is measured through increased customer satisfaction and metrics like reduced defects, higher sales and market share. [4] Research shows successful TQM programs report gains in these areas after a long-term commitment to cultural and systemic change. [5] Outcomes must be continuously assessed for TQM to be effective long-term. [6] Successful implementation requires participation and commitment from all levels, especially top
This document discusses stakeholder theory and the responsibilities of corporations towards their various stakeholders. It defines stakeholder theory as a framework that addresses moral and ethical values in business management. A corporation has responsibilities towards both internal stakeholders like shareholders, employees, and management as well as external stakeholders like customers, suppliers, creditors, competitors, society, and the government. The document provides examples of specific responsibilities towards each stakeholder group and concludes that an ethical organization recognizes its duties towards all stakeholders.
The eclectic paradigm proposes that there are three main advantages that influence a firm's international production:
1) Ownership-specific advantages such as trademarks, production techniques, or entrepreneurial skills.
2) Location-specific advantages like raw materials, low wages, or taxes in a particular country.
3) Internalization advantages where firms choose to internally produce rather than through partnerships to exploit firm-specific advantages.
The paradigm also notes that the significance of these ownership, location, and internalization (OLI) advantages varies across industries, countries, and firms. It provides a framework to analyze what drives international production rather than making predictions.
The Cadbury Committee was set-up in May 1991 by the Financial Reporting Council of the London Stock Exchange.
The committee published its report in December 1992.
Adrian Cadbury the chairman of the Cadbury committee.
The report sets out recommendations on the arrangement of company boards and accounting systems to mitigate corporate governance risks and failures.
They say Culture eats Strategy for breakfast. This is true because the biggest leadership challenge to improving an organisation's internal environment is culture. Without a supportive culture even the most brilliant strategy will not get implemented successfully. Without cultural allignment to changing landscape, at best you will get compliance and with it stress, dysfunctional waste and entropy.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is defined as businesses behaving ethically and contributing to economic development while improving quality of life for employees, local communities, and society. Businesses depend on society for infrastructure, workforce, consumers, and more, so they have a responsibility to give back. CSR can be implemented through adopting strong values, generating stakeholder intelligence, and responding positively to stakeholder issues. It provides benefits like improved reputation, sales, employee retention, and risk management. CSR addresses issues like community assistance, health/welfare, education, human rights, and the environment. Responsibilities include product quality, reasonable prices, ethical advertising, and supporting community programs.
Values provide the basic foundation for understanding a person's personality, perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. They are principles, beliefs, or ideals that are important and influence how people make decisions. Values are formed through both genetic and environmental factors like culture, parental influence, teachers, and friends. They serve as standards for behavior and help with decision making. Personal values differ between cultures and help shape a person's character.
This document provides an overview of cross-cultural management concepts including:
- Culture is learned behavior shared among members of a society that influences norms, values, and practices.
- Elements of culture include language, values, norms, attitudes, customs, and more.
- Cultural determinants include religion, language, education, and social structure.
- Cross-cultural theories like Hofstede analyze cultural dimensions like power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and individualism vs collectivism that influence behaviors.
- Understanding cultural differences is important for effective cross-cultural communication and management.
This document discusses global human resource management (GHRM). It defines GHRM as procuring, allocating, and utilizing human resources in multinational corporations. GHRM activities include determining HR strategy, staffing, performance evaluation, management development, compensation, and labor relations on a global scale. The document outlines different approaches to GHRM like ethnocentric, polycentric, regiocentric, and geocentric. It also discusses factors affecting GHRM like culture, economics, laws, and multicultural workforces. Key GHRM areas like staffing, training, performance appraisal, compensation, and international labor relations are summarized.
This document provides an overview of corporate governance. It defines corporate governance and distinguishes it from corporate management. It describes the importance of corporate governance for companies and investors. It also explains the role of organizations like OECD in developing principles and standards for corporate governance internationally.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of boards of directors. It provides definitions of boards and describes their key functions, including oversight of management, setting strategic direction, and advising management. It also discusses types of boards, such as unitary vs. two-tier boards, and common vs. staggered boards. Additionally, it covers characteristics of effective vs. ineffective boards and factors that contribute to balanced boards.
IHRM deals with managing human resources on a global scale, considering laws across countries and the diverse needs of an internationally diverse workforce. IHRM involves more complexity in managing employees from different cultures and countries, and must adapt to external global risks and influences. In contrast, HRM focuses only on domestic operations and employees, following standard domestic policies and facing less complexity and risk given the homogeneous domestic workforce.
Challenges Of Corporate Social ResponsibilityElijah Ezendu
Issues in development of workable corporate social responsibility strategy and resolution of awe-inspiring stance for championing effective governance.
Personal ethics refers to an individual's principles regarding morality and right versus wrong. It is influenced by factors like one's upbringing and culture. The presentation discusses concepts like emotional honesty, humility, karma yoga, and being proactive. It emphasizes cultivating virtues, promoting happiness, and maintaining a flexible yet pure mind.
The document provides an overview of business ethics. It discusses how business ethics comprises principles that guide behavior in business and are determined by key stakeholders. It also notes that nearly half of employees report having acted unethically in the past year, costing over $400 billion annually in the US. Common unethical acts include lying, falsifying records, conflicts of interest, and theft. The document outlines factors that influence ethical decision making and strategies for developing an effective ethics program within an organization.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is defined as a management concept that integrates social and environmental concerns into business operations and interactions with stakeholders. The key CSR issues relate to environmental management, labor standards, community relations and human rights. Drivers of CSR include competitive markets, reduced government role, investor pressure and demands for disclosure. Benefits of CSR are enhanced stakeholder relationships, increased sales and reputation, cost savings, and greater appeal to investors. CSR follows a triple bottom line of economic, social and environmental responsibilities.
Sales promotion refers to direct inducements that offer extra value or incentives to consumers, sales forces, or distributors to encourage immediate sales. There are various vehicles for sales promotion, including samples, coupons, premiums, contests, and loyalty programs targeted at consumers, as well as trade allowances and cooperative advertising targeted at retailers. Sales promotion has increased due to factors like retailer power, declining brand loyalty, and competition. The objectives of consumer-oriented sales promotion are to increase brand consumption, obtain trial, defend current customers, and build brand equity, while trade-oriented objectives center around obtaining distribution, building retailer inventories, and maintaining trade support.
Social and cultural environment refers to the influences of social factors outside of companies that shape culture. Culture includes aspects like art, beliefs, and customs that are learned, shared between groups, and passed down through generations. It is also symbolic and adaptive.
Key social and cultural factors that influence the environment include attitudes, religion, education, ethics, and social responsibility. Cultures create distinctions and identities for groups. When businesses expand globally, they must understand differences in work motivations, business goals, customs, and human relations across cultures.
Culture determines attitudes toward work, business, education, and goods and services. For example, cultures differ in their emphasis on individualism versus collectivism, discipline, education, and
The document discusses the importance of good customer service. It states that customer service includes all interactions between customers and a company at the time of sale and afterwards. Good customer service increases purchases and referrals, builds a positive reputation, and reduces complaints. It benefits both customers, by meeting their needs, and businesses, through repeat customers. The document provides tips for understanding customers, increasing sales through existing relationships, gathering feedback, building loyalty programs, and handling complaints to increase loyalty. Overall, it emphasizes that satisfied customers will contribute to a business for years through continued purchases, recommendations, and referrals.
Learning Organizations: Strategic ManagementTriune Global
A learning organization is the term given to a company that facilitates the learning of its members and continuously transforms itself. Learning organizations develop as a result of the pressures facing modern organizations and enables them to remain competitive in the business environment.
Organizational design is a methodology to identify and address dysfunctional aspects of an organization's structure, workflows, and systems. When done effectively, it leads to improved results through a more aligned and efficient organization. However, redesign efforts often fail due to common mistakes such as lacking clear goals, structuring around individuals rather than strategy, and causing unnecessary disruption. Other failures include bypassing assessment of the current state, breaking confidentiality, and not establishing formal change management. To succeed, organizational redesign must be driven by strategy, minimize disruption, and implement clear communications.
This document discusses creating an ideal organizational culture. It begins by outlining the session outcomes, which are to understand what culture is, assess the current culture, create a vision for an ideal culture, draft core values and behaviors to drive change, and develop a culture roadmap. It then defines and compares different types of culture, both material and non-material. It also discusses the importance of corporate culture and examines organizational culture theory. The document outlines a process for developing an ideal culture, including defining core values and integrating cultural changes. It concludes by assessing whether the session achieved its intended outcomes.
Current marketing trends have shifted away from traditional advertising like TV and print ads. New trends include social media marketing, relationship marketing, and green marketing. Guerrilla marketing uses unconventional and memorable tactics like street art or viral videos. Effective social media campaigns partner with influencers or start online conversations through contests. Relationship marketing builds long-term customer loyalty through personalized service, rewards programs, and focusing on existing customers. Green marketing promotes environmentally-friendly products and sustainable business practices. Emerging trends are constantly changing the marketing landscape.
This document discusses work teams and their increasing popularity in organizations. It contrasts groups with teams, noting that teams generate synergy through coordinated effort to achieve performance greater than individuals. Four types of teams are described: problem-solving teams, self-managed work teams, cross-functional teams, and virtual teams. The key components of effective teams are identified as context, composition, and process. Context includes leadership, resources, and rewards aligned with team goals. Composition considers member abilities, roles, diversity, and size. Effective processes include shared goals, plans, efficacy, and low conflict.
This document discusses various aspects of group behaviour, including:
1. It defines formal and informal groups and provides examples.
2. It describes social identity theory and how people develop social identities through similarity, distinctiveness, status, and uncertainty reduction.
3. It outlines five stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. It also discusses an alternative punctuated equilibrium model for temporary groups.
4. It covers key group properties like roles, norms, status, size, and cohesiveness and how they impact group functioning.
5. It discusses phenomena like social loafing, conformity, and groupthink that can influence group decision-making and
Values provide the basic foundation for understanding a person's personality, perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. They are principles, beliefs, or ideals that are important and influence how people make decisions. Values are formed through both genetic and environmental factors like culture, parental influence, teachers, and friends. They serve as standards for behavior and help with decision making. Personal values differ between cultures and help shape a person's character.
This document provides an overview of cross-cultural management concepts including:
- Culture is learned behavior shared among members of a society that influences norms, values, and practices.
- Elements of culture include language, values, norms, attitudes, customs, and more.
- Cultural determinants include religion, language, education, and social structure.
- Cross-cultural theories like Hofstede analyze cultural dimensions like power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and individualism vs collectivism that influence behaviors.
- Understanding cultural differences is important for effective cross-cultural communication and management.
This document discusses global human resource management (GHRM). It defines GHRM as procuring, allocating, and utilizing human resources in multinational corporations. GHRM activities include determining HR strategy, staffing, performance evaluation, management development, compensation, and labor relations on a global scale. The document outlines different approaches to GHRM like ethnocentric, polycentric, regiocentric, and geocentric. It also discusses factors affecting GHRM like culture, economics, laws, and multicultural workforces. Key GHRM areas like staffing, training, performance appraisal, compensation, and international labor relations are summarized.
This document provides an overview of corporate governance. It defines corporate governance and distinguishes it from corporate management. It describes the importance of corporate governance for companies and investors. It also explains the role of organizations like OECD in developing principles and standards for corporate governance internationally.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of boards of directors. It provides definitions of boards and describes their key functions, including oversight of management, setting strategic direction, and advising management. It also discusses types of boards, such as unitary vs. two-tier boards, and common vs. staggered boards. Additionally, it covers characteristics of effective vs. ineffective boards and factors that contribute to balanced boards.
IHRM deals with managing human resources on a global scale, considering laws across countries and the diverse needs of an internationally diverse workforce. IHRM involves more complexity in managing employees from different cultures and countries, and must adapt to external global risks and influences. In contrast, HRM focuses only on domestic operations and employees, following standard domestic policies and facing less complexity and risk given the homogeneous domestic workforce.
Challenges Of Corporate Social ResponsibilityElijah Ezendu
Issues in development of workable corporate social responsibility strategy and resolution of awe-inspiring stance for championing effective governance.
Personal ethics refers to an individual's principles regarding morality and right versus wrong. It is influenced by factors like one's upbringing and culture. The presentation discusses concepts like emotional honesty, humility, karma yoga, and being proactive. It emphasizes cultivating virtues, promoting happiness, and maintaining a flexible yet pure mind.
The document provides an overview of business ethics. It discusses how business ethics comprises principles that guide behavior in business and are determined by key stakeholders. It also notes that nearly half of employees report having acted unethically in the past year, costing over $400 billion annually in the US. Common unethical acts include lying, falsifying records, conflicts of interest, and theft. The document outlines factors that influence ethical decision making and strategies for developing an effective ethics program within an organization.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is defined as a management concept that integrates social and environmental concerns into business operations and interactions with stakeholders. The key CSR issues relate to environmental management, labor standards, community relations and human rights. Drivers of CSR include competitive markets, reduced government role, investor pressure and demands for disclosure. Benefits of CSR are enhanced stakeholder relationships, increased sales and reputation, cost savings, and greater appeal to investors. CSR follows a triple bottom line of economic, social and environmental responsibilities.
Sales promotion refers to direct inducements that offer extra value or incentives to consumers, sales forces, or distributors to encourage immediate sales. There are various vehicles for sales promotion, including samples, coupons, premiums, contests, and loyalty programs targeted at consumers, as well as trade allowances and cooperative advertising targeted at retailers. Sales promotion has increased due to factors like retailer power, declining brand loyalty, and competition. The objectives of consumer-oriented sales promotion are to increase brand consumption, obtain trial, defend current customers, and build brand equity, while trade-oriented objectives center around obtaining distribution, building retailer inventories, and maintaining trade support.
Social and cultural environment refers to the influences of social factors outside of companies that shape culture. Culture includes aspects like art, beliefs, and customs that are learned, shared between groups, and passed down through generations. It is also symbolic and adaptive.
Key social and cultural factors that influence the environment include attitudes, religion, education, ethics, and social responsibility. Cultures create distinctions and identities for groups. When businesses expand globally, they must understand differences in work motivations, business goals, customs, and human relations across cultures.
Culture determines attitudes toward work, business, education, and goods and services. For example, cultures differ in their emphasis on individualism versus collectivism, discipline, education, and
The document discusses the importance of good customer service. It states that customer service includes all interactions between customers and a company at the time of sale and afterwards. Good customer service increases purchases and referrals, builds a positive reputation, and reduces complaints. It benefits both customers, by meeting their needs, and businesses, through repeat customers. The document provides tips for understanding customers, increasing sales through existing relationships, gathering feedback, building loyalty programs, and handling complaints to increase loyalty. Overall, it emphasizes that satisfied customers will contribute to a business for years through continued purchases, recommendations, and referrals.
Learning Organizations: Strategic ManagementTriune Global
A learning organization is the term given to a company that facilitates the learning of its members and continuously transforms itself. Learning organizations develop as a result of the pressures facing modern organizations and enables them to remain competitive in the business environment.
Organizational design is a methodology to identify and address dysfunctional aspects of an organization's structure, workflows, and systems. When done effectively, it leads to improved results through a more aligned and efficient organization. However, redesign efforts often fail due to common mistakes such as lacking clear goals, structuring around individuals rather than strategy, and causing unnecessary disruption. Other failures include bypassing assessment of the current state, breaking confidentiality, and not establishing formal change management. To succeed, organizational redesign must be driven by strategy, minimize disruption, and implement clear communications.
This document discusses creating an ideal organizational culture. It begins by outlining the session outcomes, which are to understand what culture is, assess the current culture, create a vision for an ideal culture, draft core values and behaviors to drive change, and develop a culture roadmap. It then defines and compares different types of culture, both material and non-material. It also discusses the importance of corporate culture and examines organizational culture theory. The document outlines a process for developing an ideal culture, including defining core values and integrating cultural changes. It concludes by assessing whether the session achieved its intended outcomes.
Current marketing trends have shifted away from traditional advertising like TV and print ads. New trends include social media marketing, relationship marketing, and green marketing. Guerrilla marketing uses unconventional and memorable tactics like street art or viral videos. Effective social media campaigns partner with influencers or start online conversations through contests. Relationship marketing builds long-term customer loyalty through personalized service, rewards programs, and focusing on existing customers. Green marketing promotes environmentally-friendly products and sustainable business practices. Emerging trends are constantly changing the marketing landscape.
This document discusses work teams and their increasing popularity in organizations. It contrasts groups with teams, noting that teams generate synergy through coordinated effort to achieve performance greater than individuals. Four types of teams are described: problem-solving teams, self-managed work teams, cross-functional teams, and virtual teams. The key components of effective teams are identified as context, composition, and process. Context includes leadership, resources, and rewards aligned with team goals. Composition considers member abilities, roles, diversity, and size. Effective processes include shared goals, plans, efficacy, and low conflict.
This document discusses various aspects of group behaviour, including:
1. It defines formal and informal groups and provides examples.
2. It describes social identity theory and how people develop social identities through similarity, distinctiveness, status, and uncertainty reduction.
3. It outlines five stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. It also discusses an alternative punctuated equilibrium model for temporary groups.
4. It covers key group properties like roles, norms, status, size, and cohesiveness and how they impact group functioning.
5. It discusses phenomena like social loafing, conformity, and groupthink that can influence group decision-making and
The document discusses key concepts relating to groups and group behavior. It defines groups and describes different types of groups. It then covers five properties of groups: roles, norms, status, size, and cohesiveness. For each property, it provides details on how they impact and influence group behavior. It also discusses models of group development and decision-making techniques used by groups.
The document discusses groups and teams in organizational settings. It defines groups as two or more individuals interacting to accomplish a common goal, while teams have interdependent members fully committed to achieving shared goals. Groups and teams share characteristics like structure and roles. Key differences are that teams have complementary skills, collaborative cultures, and synergistic performance exceeding members' individual contributions. The stages of group development are forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Group cohesion and norms influence member behavior. Strategies to increase cohesion include clarifying goals and increasing interaction.
This document discusses the key elements of organizational structure, including work specialization, departmentalization, centralization/decentralization, formalization, span of control, and chain of command. It describes common types of each element and how they affect the structure. For example, it explains how narrow spans of control encourage close supervision while wider spans allow more autonomy. The document also discusses factors that determine organizational structure, such as strategy, size, technology, and environmental conditions. Finally, it provides an overview of how structure design influences organizational performance and employee satisfaction.
This chapter discusses work teams and their increasing popularity in organizations. It defines the key differences between teams and groups, identifies four main types of teams, and outlines the characteristics of effective teams. Some of the factors discussed for creating successful teams include proper composition, establishing roles, developing cohesion and managing process losses. The chapter also addresses turning individuals into team players and conditions where teams are preferred over individual work.
The document discusses organizational communication and behavior. It defines communication, explores the importance of good communication in organizations, and examines communication processes, issues, barriers, and networks. It also analyzes new communication technologies, how they affect behavior, and defensive versus non-defensive communication styles. Key topics covered include the definition of communication, importance of communication for efficiency, quality and innovation, verbal and nonverbal communication, formal and informal communication networks, and technological advances in organizational communication.
Groups are defined as two or more individuals interacting and interdependent to achieve objectives. There are two types of groups: formal groups defined by organizational structure and informal groups that form naturally. The four types of groups are command, task, interest, and friendship groups. People join groups for status, self-esteem, affiliation, achievement of goals, power, and security. Groups generally pass through five stages of development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.
The document discusses various body language signals that can indicate interest and attraction between individuals. It describes positive signals like maintaining eye contact, open body posture, smiling, and mirroring another's gestures, as well as negative signals like avoiding eye contact, closed posture, and lack of expression. Specific distances for social interactions are identified, and tips are provided for active listening, humor, self-disclosure, and interpreting eye and facial cues in flirting situations.
The document discusses various aspects of group behavior and decision making in organizations. It defines formal and informal groups, and explores reasons why people join groups like security, status, and goal achievement. It examines models of group development including forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. It also discusses factors like roles, norms, status, size and cohesiveness that influence group dynamics and decision making processes. Different techniques for group decision making are compared in terms of their effectiveness.
This document summarizes key concepts about groups and group behavior from Chapter 8, including defining different types of groups, the stages of group development, factors that influence group behavior and performance, and techniques for group decision making. It covers topics such as formal vs informal groups, external conditions and resources that impact groups, norms and roles within groups, and how group processes, size, composition and cohesion can affect productivity.
This document provides an overview of group dynamics and types of groups. It discusses formal and informal groups, as well as small and large groups. Formal groups are formed by the organization to carry out tasks, while informal groups are formed spontaneously by employees. Small groups allow for face-to-face interaction, while large groups do not allow for personal interaction. The document also discusses theories of group formation, norms, roles, and processes within groups.
Groups form when two or more individuals interact regularly, are aware of one another, and see themselves as part of the same group. People join groups for several key reasons: closeness and bonding with others, achieving common goals through collaboration, and fulfilling personal objectives like prestige and importance. Groups in the workplace include both formal groups set up by management and informal groups that emerge to meet personal needs. What makes an effective group includes cohesiveness, clearly defined roles and norms, a sense of status among members, and homogeneity. Joining a group provides benefits like increased productivity, skills development, self-knowledge, and fulfilling social and growth needs.
This document summarizes key concepts about group behavior from a chapter in an organizational behavior textbook. It defines groups and different types of groups, examines the five stages of group development and five properties of groups including roles, norms, status, size, and cohesiveness. It also discusses how norms and status can influence individual behavior within groups and contrasts the strengths and weaknesses of group decision-making versus individual decision-making. Finally, it evaluates evidence on cultural differences in groups and the effects of diversity on group performance and decision-making.
This document discusses the foundations of group behavior. It defines groups as two or more individuals who interact and work together to achieve common objectives. It explores why people join groups and examines key properties of groups including status, size, and cohesiveness. Status is determined by factors like power, ability to contribute, and personal characteristics, and it impacts group interactions and norms. While smaller groups work faster, larger groups are better at problem-solving but risk social loafing. Cohesiveness, or the attraction between group members, is related to group productivity, and managers can encourage it by making the group smaller, emphasizing shared goals, increasing time together, and giving group rather than individual rewards.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 16 from the 9th edition of the psychology textbook "Psychology" by David Myers. It covers the key topics in social psychology, including social thinking, social influence, social relations, and focuses in social psychology. Specific areas discussed include attribution theory, conformity and obedience studies, prejudice, aggression, attraction, and conflict/peacemaking. Experimental research is referenced to illustrate important social psychology concepts and findings.
This document discusses various theories and frameworks of leadership. It begins by defining leadership and presenting classic studies on trait theories that examined personality characteristics of leaders. It then covers behavioral theories such as Ohio State studies on consideration and initiating structure, and University of Michigan studies on employee-oriented and production-oriented styles. Contingency theories are discussed like Fiedler's model linking leadership style and situational control, and Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory relating leadership style to follower maturity. Other topics include path-goal theory linking leader behavior and follower motivation, and characteristics of charismatic leadership like vision, risk-taking, and acting as a change agent.
The document discusses several theories of leadership including:
1) Trait theories which examine personality characteristics and traits of leaders.
2) Situational theories which argue that effective leadership depends on characteristics of the leader, followers, and aspects of the situation.
3) Contingency theories which propose that the most effective leadership style depends on situational factors such as the task, the followers, and aspects of the organization.
This document discusses leadership and compares it to management. It provides an overview of key differences between leadership and management in areas such as direction, alignment, relationships, personal qualities, and outcomes. It also covers models of leadership including the leadership continuum, the leadership grid, and stages of individualized leadership development. The leadership continuum shows the range from boss-centered to subordinate-centered leadership. The leadership grid plots levels of concern for people and concern for results. Finally, stages of individualized leadership development progresses from management to team management to systems and networks leadership.
This document provides an overview of leadership concepts from the textbook "Management 6th Ed." by Richard Daft. It defines leadership as the ability to influence people toward goals, and distinguishes leader qualities from manager qualities. The document discusses power sources, empowerment, leadership traits, behavioral approaches like Ohio State studies, and contingency theories like Fiedler's model. It aims to help readers understand different perspectives on leadership.
This document discusses different theories of leadership. It covers trait theories which look for distinguishing characteristics of leaders, behavioral theories which examine leadership styles (autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire), and contingency theories which argue the most effective leadership depends on situational factors. Contingency theories discussed include Fiedler's model, path-goal theory, and situational leadership theory. The document also briefly mentions team leadership roles.
Fiedler's Contingency Model proposes that a leader's effectiveness depends on the interaction between their leadership style (measured by the LPC questionnaire as either task-oriented or relationship-oriented) and the favorability of the situation, which is determined by leader-member relations, task structure, and position power. The model suggests that task-oriented leaders perform best in very favorable or very unfavorable situations, while relationship-oriented leaders are most effective in moderately favorable situations. Rather than changing their style, leaders are advised to alter the situation to increase their effectiveness according to the model.
This document discusses leadership theories and skills. It defines leadership as the ability to influence others towards goals. It outlines classic leadership studies on traits, behaviors, and styles. It presents modern contingency theories including Fiedler's model matching leadership styles to situations, and situational theory adjusting leadership based on follower maturity. Transactional leadership uses rewards for good performance while transformational leadership inspires and motivates followers. Effective leaders need personal skills like self-awareness and problem-solving, and interpersonal skills like communication, conflict management, and motivation.
Chapter 3 (shared using http://VisualBee.com).VisualBee.com
Contingency approaches seek to match leadership style to situational factors. Fiedler's contingency model assesses whether a leader is task-oriented or relationship-oriented and matches that to favorable or unfavorable situations. Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory matches leadership style to follower readiness levels. Path-goal theory aims to clarify paths to goals and increase rewards. The Vroom-Jago model identifies appropriate levels of follower participation. Substitutes can replace leadership while neutralizers counteract certain leadership styles.
Here are some recommendations for the leader based on LMX theory:
1. Clearly communicate expectations to all subordinates up front so roles are well-defined from the start. This prevents perceptions of unfair treatment between groups.
2. Look for opportunities to develop relationships with out-group members by giving them meaningful tasks and responsibilities. Over time, some out-group members could transition to the in-group through demonstrated competence and compatibility.
3. Be aware of potential equity issues that arise from favoring an in-group. Make efforts to acknowledge out-group contributions and avoid actions that reinforce their alienation, such as excluding them from important decisions or opportunities.
4. Select subordinates based not just on technical skills but also inter
The document summarizes several leadership theories and models, including:
1) Blake and Mouton's managerial grid model which plots leadership styles based on concern for production vs concern for people, identifying five main styles.
2) Bowers and Seashore identified four factors of leadership: support, interaction facilitation, goal emphasis, and work facilitation.
3) Prior research studied concepts of employee orientation vs production orientation and consideration vs initiating structure.
This document provides an overview of leadership theories and styles. It begins by defining leadership and discussing classic studies that looked at traits and behaviors of leaders. It then examines various theories of leadership including trait theory, behavioral theories, contingency theories, and transformational leadership. It also outlines different leadership styles such as laissez-faire, and compares the characteristics of managers versus leaders. Finally, it identifies skills that effective leaders need such as communication, problem-solving, and the ability to motivate others.
Agile Team Leadership The Art Of Letting Gofrancelorrain
Tamara Sulaiman Runyon has over 20 years of experience in business, software development management, and agile training and coaching. She is a Certified ScrumMaster Trainer and Certified Project Management Professional with experience presenting at agile conferences and publishing on topics related to agile project management.
The document discusses key leadership skills and models. It covers the six traits of effective leaders: drive, desire to lead, integrity, self-confidence, intelligence, and job-relevant knowledge. It also discusses leadership styles in the managerial grid model and contingency model of leadership. The document then outlines the elements of high performing leadership, including being a vision creator, team builder, task allocator, people developer, and motivation stimulator. For each element, it provides details on the related skills and approaches.
The document discusses various theories of leadership, including: trait theories which propose that leaders are born with certain traits; behavioral theories which focus on observable behaviors rather than traits; contingency theories which emphasize that leadership style depends on situational factors; and cognitive resource theory which examines how a leader's intelligence and experience impact their performance under stress. It also outlines models like Fiedler's contingency model, path-goal theory, and the leader-participation decision making model.
Managers coordinate and oversee the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished. They can be at different levels within an organization, such as first-line managers who oversee non-managerial employees, or top managers who are responsible for organization-wide decisions and goals. Management involves coordinating work activities so they are completed efficiently and effectively. Managers perform functions like planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. They also play roles such as leader, liaison, and decision-maker.
This document provides an overview of leadership theories and frameworks. It discusses classic studies on trait, behavioral, and contingency theories of leadership. It also outlines modern theories including Fiedler's contingency model, situational leadership theory, path-goal theory, charismatic leadership, and the differences between transactional and transformational leaders. Finally, it identifies skills needed for effective leadership such as communication, problem solving, managing conflict, and motivating others.
High performing leaders exhibit several key traits and behaviors:
1. They create a clear vision for the future and set specific, measurable goals to achieve that vision. They develop action plans and monitor progress.
2. They build strong, cohesive teams by establishing clear roles and responsibilities, promoting collaboration, and caring about individual team members.
3. They allocate tasks effectively by delegating routine work and developing employees' skills through more challenging assignments. They provide clear expectations and monitor results.
4. They develop people by creating formal development plans with employees to identify skills to strengthen and opportunities to take on more responsibility over time. High performing leaders focus on developing future leaders within the organization.
High performing leaders exhibit several key traits and behaviors:
1. They create a clear vision for the future and set specific, measurable goals to achieve that vision. They develop action plans and monitor progress.
2. They build strong, cohesive teams by establishing clear roles and responsibilities, promoting problem solving, and caring about individual members.
3. They allocate tasks effectively by delegating routine work and developing employees' skills through more challenging assignments.
Leaders act as coaches by creating learning plans to help employees strengthen abilities and advance the organization's objectives. Their focus is on developing future leaders rather than just managing current followers.
Transitioning to leadership & management rolesRebecca Jones
Presentation for LMD at SLA 2012 on practical success-oriented ways to move into a new role, especially a new role in leadership & management positions
The document discusses the EOQ (economic order quantity) inventory formula. It begins by explaining the variables and assumptions of the EOQ model, which determines the optimal order quantity to minimize total inventory costs. It then discusses how the formula can be derived by setting the derivatives of total cost equations to zero. Finally, it explains that while the EOQ assumptions are unrealistic, the formula still works well due to cost functions being relatively flat near the optimum, and spreadsheets now allow evaluating costs without using the formula.
This paper experiments with different heuristic approaches to solve a real facility layout problem at a furniture manufacturing company. Five layout modeling techniques are applied to the problem: graph theory, CRAFT, optimum sequence, BLOCPLAN, and genetic algorithm. The resulting layouts are evaluated based on total area, flow times distance, and adjacency percentage. The best layout is selected using the analytic hierarchy process and is found to improve upon the existing layout, demonstrating the effectiveness of formal modeling approaches for real industrial problems.
This case study examines transforming a company's production process from batch to cellular manufacturing through cell formation and optimizing material flows.
The company produces bicycle components in batches using semi-automatic machines. The study applies production flow analysis and one-piece flow concepts to rearrange equipment into cells and transform discrete batch flows into continuous one-piece flows.
Key aspects of the transformation included analyzing current product-quantity ratios to determine new layouts, minimizing in-process inventory through one-piece production, and inspecting pieces individually to enable zero-defect production. The goal was to change from a planning-centered batch process to a more flexible and responsive one-piece production system.
This document provides equations and formulas for inventory management. It covers topics like economic order quantity, reorder levels, forecasting demand, material requirements planning, and just-in-time systems. Key equations calculate optimal order quantity, cycle time, variable and total costs, reorder levels, forecasting methods, production and demand balances, material requirements, and kanban quantities. The document is a comprehensive reference for quantitative inventory management models and their underlying formulas.
Higher interest rates increase holding costs, lowering EOQ. Automating orders lowers setup costs, increasing EOQ. Lower warehouse costs lower holding costs, increasing EOQ. New competition may change demand assumptions. Cost reductions lower unit costs but not other factors. Longer lead times increase safety stock needs, lowering EOQ. Minimum orders impose a floor that may exceed the calculated EOQ.
This document discusses capacity and inventory management. It covers topics like capacity management, factors that impact capacity, capacity forecasting, modifying capacity, selecting capacity. It also discusses inventory management, reasons for inventory, inventory types, costs, EOQ model, reorder point/level, and ABC analysis for classifying inventory items. The key aspects of managing both capacity and inventory effectively are identified.
Eric Berne developed transactional analysis which examines human behavior and interactions between people. He identified different ego states like the natural child, adaptive child, nurturing parent, and critical parent. Transactions can be complementary, crossed, or ulterior. Berne also developed concepts of games people play, script analysis to understand how early experiences shape one's life plan, and different methods like structural analysis, transactional analysis, game analysis, and script analysis.
This chapter discusses key concepts related to perception and attribution. It defines perception as how people select, organize and respond to information. Perception involves observation, selection, organization, interpretation and response. Common perceptual errors include stereotyping, halo effect, and projection. The chapter also defines attribution as how people understand the causes of behaviors. Attributions can be internal or external. Frequent attribution errors include the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias.
This document discusses theories of personality and emotions. It defines personality and lists major determinants such as biological, cultural, family, social, and situational factors. It then outlines several theories of personality, including intrapsychic theory, type theories, trait theories, self-theory, and social learning theory. It discusses Freud's concepts of id, ego, and superego. It also covers types of physique and nature, Gordon Allport's trait theory, Raymond Cattell's 16 PF test, Carl Rogers' self-theory, and concepts from social learning theory like locus of control. Finally, it outlines several theories of emotions including those proposed by James Lange, Cannon Bard, Cannon, Sch
The document discusses values and attitudes. It defines values as involving moral judgements about what is right, good, or desirable. Values can be theoretical, economic, aesthetic, social, political, or religious. Work values like achievement, honesty, and fairness affect how people behave on the job. Attitudes are shaped by direct experiences, social learning from family, peers and modeling. Two important work attitudes are job satisfaction and organizational commitment.
This document discusses individual level factors in organizational behavior, including biographical characteristics, employee productivity, absenteeism, turnover, and job satisfaction. It covers determinants of personality like heredity, environment, and family. It also discusses the two types of abilities that determine an individual's job performance: intellectual abilities and physical abilities. Finally, it provides an overview of learning as a change in behavior from experience, and lists some major learning theories.
The document defines organizational behavior (OB) as the multidisciplinary field that seeks to understand individual, group, and organizational processes in organizational settings. It summarizes that OB applies the scientific method to practical managerial problems, focuses on three levels of analysis (individual, group, organizational), is multidisciplinary in nature, seeks to improve organizational effectiveness and quality of life at work, and is more than just common sense. It also lists psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and political science as contributing disciplines to OB.
This document discusses transportation problems and their solutions. It describes transportation problems as involving determining which factories should supply which warehouses and in what amounts. It presents transportation problems as linear programming problems that can be formulated into a matrix. It then describes various methods for finding initial basic feasible solutions such as the North West Corner Method and Minimum Cost Method. It also discusses testing solutions for optimality and special cases like unbalanced problems, degeneracy, and maximization problems.
This document discusses replacement theory and models for determining when to replace products or services. It examines factors like maintenance costs increasing over time, probabilities of failure, and costs of failure or disruption. Common replacement scenarios explored include replacing when maintenance costs exceed replacement costs, replacing after a set number of failures, or periodically over time. The general approach is to analyze failure and performance patterns over time and assess costs and probabilities to determine the optimal replacement strategy.
Queuing theory is the study of congestion and waiting in line systems. It examines queues that form when demand for a service exceeds the available resources, such as people waiting at a supermarket checkout, letters waiting to be processed at a post office, or cars waiting at a traffic signal. Queuing systems can be modeled and analyzed using notations like Kendall's notation to understand characteristics like expected wait times, number of servers needed, and how to manage peak traffic periods. The origins of queuing theory began with the research of A.K. Erlang in the early 1900s on modeling telephone traffic and wait times.
Dynamic programming is a method for solving complex problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems. It works by building up the solution incrementally, starting from simple problems and combining their solutions to obtain solutions to more complex problems. The key idea is that the optimal solution to a problem can be constructed from optimal solutions to its subproblems. This principle of optimality allows problems to be solved by working backwards from the end state to the initial state.
This document discusses the differences between traditional marketing and relationship marketing. Relationship marketing focuses on customer retention through long-term collaborative relationships, while traditional marketing focuses on customer acquisition. The goals of relationship marketing are to create value and retain customers through care and concern after purchases. Building trust, commitment, cooperation and exchanging information can help minimize relationship decay and strengthen bonds.
The document provides an overview of human resource management (HRM). It discusses the objectives of HRM including improving employee morale and utilizing skills efficiently. It covers key topics such as the importance of HRM for corporate, professional, social and national development. Other sections describe functions of HRM like planning, staffing and development. The document also discusses the evolving role of HR managers in India and factors influencing HRM like technology, laws and the labor market. Overall, the document presents a comprehensive introduction to the concepts, objectives and processes involved in HRM.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
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واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
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Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
2. Overview
• Define leadership
• Present the background & classic studies of leadership
• Discuss the traditional theories of leadership
• Identify modern frameworks for leadership
• Relate the style implications from the classic studies & modern
theories of leadership
• Identify and analyze the skills needed for effective leadership
3. Leadership
• The ability to influence a group toward the
achievement of goals
• “When you boil it down, contemporary
leadership seems to a matter of aligning people
toward common goals and empowering them to
take the actions needed to reach them.”
Sherman, 1995
• Sanctioned vs. non sanctioned leadership
4. Managers Vs Leaders
Manager Characteristics Leader Characteristics
• Administers • Innovates
• A copy • An original
• Maintains • Develops
• Focuses on systems and structures • Focuses on people
• Relies on control • Inspires trust
• Short range view • Long range perspective
• Asks what and why
• Asks how and when
• Eye on horizon
• Eye on bottom line
• Originates
• Imitates • Challenges the status quo
• Accepts the status quo • Own person
• Classic good soldiers • Does the right thing
• Does things right
5. Trait Theories
• What characteristics or traits make a person a leader?
• Great Man Theory: Individuals are born either with or
without the necessary traits for leadership
• Trait theories of leadership sought personality, social,
physical or intellectual traits that differentiate leaders
from non leaders
• Trait view has little analytical or predictive value
• Technical, conceptual and human skills (Katz 1974)
6. Behavioral Theories
• Ohio state studies: initiating structure (task or goal
orientation) vs consideration (recognition of individual
needs and relationships)
• University of Michigan studies: Employee oriented
( genuine concern for people) vs production oriented
genuine concern for task)
7. The Managerial Grid
1,9 9,9
High 9 Country club management Team management
Thoughtful attention needs of people Work accomplishment is from
for satisfying relationships leads to committed people, interdependence
8 A comfortable, friendly organization through a “common stake” in organization
purpose leads to relationship
atmosphere and work tempo of trust and respect
Concern for people
7
6
5
5,5
Organization Man Management
4 Adequate organization performance
possible through balancing the necessity to
get out work with maintaining
morale of the people at a satisfactory level
3 9,1
1,1
Authority-Obedience
Impoverished Management
Efficiency in operations results
2 Exertion of minimum effort to get
from arranging conditions of
required work done is appropriate
work in such a way that human
Low to sustain organization membership
elements interfere to a minimal degree
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Low Concern for production High
8. Fiedler Contingency Model
• Effective groups depend upon a proper match
between a leader's style of interacting with
subordinates and the degree to which the
situation gives control and influence to the
leader
• LPC measures task- or relationship-oriented
leadership style ( think of all the coworkers you
have ever had and describe one person you
least enjoyed working with)
9. Fiedler-Defining the situation
• After the individual's basic leadership style has
been assessed through the LPC, it is necessary
to match the leader with the situation
• Leader member relations -the degree of
confidence, trust, and respect subordinates have
on their leader
• Task structure -the degree to which task
assignments are procedurized
• Position power -influence derived from one's
formal structural position in the organization
10. Contingency Theories
Fiedler’s contingency Model Relationship Oriented
Task Oriented
Performance
Good
poor Favorable Moderate Unfavorable
Category I II III IV V VI VII VIII
Good Good Good Good Poor Poor Poor Poor
Leader member relations
High High Low Low High High Low Low
Task structures
Position power Strong weak strong weak strong weak strong weak
11. Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Theory
Style of Leader
(High)
Low High Task
Relationship and low
and relationship
Low task
selli
g
atin
ng
ticip
Relationship behavior
Par
High
relationship
ng
And High Task te
ati
And llin
leg
low task g
De
High
relationship
(Low) Task behavior (High)
Immature
High Moderate Low
Mature
M4 M3 M2 M1
Maturity of follower( s)
12. Path Goal Theory
Environmental Contingency Factors
• Task Structure
• Formal authority system
• Work Group
Leader Behavior
Outcomes
•Directive
•Performance
•Supportive
•Satisfaction
•Participative
•Achievement -oriented
Subordinate contingency factors
•Locus of control
•Experience
•Perceived ability
13. Charismatic Leadership
Key Characteristics of Charismatic leaders
• Self Confidence- They have complete confidence in their judgment and ability.
• A vision- This is an idealized goal that proposes a future better than the status quo. The greater the disparity
between idealized goal and the status quo, the more likely that followers will attribute extraordinary vision to
the leader.
• Ability to articulate the vision- They are able to clarify and state the vision in terms that are understandable
to others. This articulation demonstrates an understanding of the followers’ needs and, hence acts as a
motivating force.
• Strong convictions about vision- Charismatic leaders are perceived as being strongly committed, and willing
to take on high personal risk, incur high costs, and engage in self-sacrifice to achieve their vision.
• Behavior that is out of the ordinary- Those with charisma engage in behavior that is perceived as being
novel, unconventional, and counter to norms. When successful , these behaviors evoke surprise and
admiration in followers.
• Perceived as being a change agent- Charismatic leaders are perceived as agents of radical change rather
than as caretakers of the status quo.
• Environmental sensitivity- These leaders are able to make realistic assessments of the environmental
constraints and resources needed to bring about change.
14. Transactional vs Transformational leaders
Characteristics of Transactional and transformational leaders
Transactional Leaders
• Contingent Reward: Contracts exchange of rewards for effort, promises rewards for good
performance, recognizes accomplishment
• Management by exception (active): Watches and searches for deviations from rules and
standards, takes corrective action.
• Management by exception (passive): Intervenes only if standards are not met
• Laissez faire: Abdicates responsibilities, avoids making decisions
Transformational Leaders
• Charisma : Provides vision and sense of mission, instills pride, gains respect trust.
• Inspiration: Communicates high expectations, uses symbols to focus efforts, expresses
important purposes in simple ways.
• Intellectual Stimulations: Promotes intelligence, rationality, and careful problem solving.
• Individualized consideration: Gives personal attention, treats each employee individually,
coaches, advises.
15. The Activities of Successful & Effective leaders
Description categories
Type of Activity
Derived from free Observation
Exchange Information
Routine Communication
Handling paperwork
Planning
Traditional Management Decision Making
Controlling
Interacting with outsiders
Networking
Socializing /Politicking
Motivating/Reinforcing
Disciplining/Punishing
Human Resource Management
Managing conflict
staffing
Training/Developing
16. Relative Distribution of Manager’s Activities
Networking
(19%)
Traditional Management
(32%)
Human resources
(20%)
Routine Communication
(29%)
17. What skills do leaders need?
• Personal Skills
•Coping with stressors
2.Managing
•Managing time
stress
•Delegating
1.Developing 3. Solving
Self-awareness Problems
creatively
•Using the rational approach
•Determining values •Using the creative approach
and priorities •Fostering innovation in others
•Identifying cognitive style
•Assessing attitude toward change
18. •Interpersonal Skills
•Gaining power
•Coaching •Exercise influence
•Counseling •Empowering others
•Listening 5. Gaining power
and influences
4. Communication 6. Motivating others
supportively
7. Management
conflict
•Diagnosing poor performance
•Identifying causes •Creating a motivating environment
•Selecting appropriate strategies •Rewarding accomplishment
•Resolving confrontations
19. The right stuff
Covey
• Empower your inner child-children are genuine, speak their mind-so
do successful leaders
• Be slightly weird-effective leaders have their own approach to do
things
• Embrace compensation-everyone likes money, but successful
leaders can talk about it
• Focus carefully –successful leaders are able to handle more than
2-3 things at a time because they are able to filter out extraneous
information and focus on critical issues
• Speak openly- successful leaders say what they think
• Don't get even-get mad-good leaders let off steam and get on to the
next issue
• Keep up on the latest developments- successful leaders know the
latest jargon and trnds