An operational amplifier, or op-amp, is a high gain differential amplifier with very high input impedance and very low output impedance. It has five ideal characteristics: infinite input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite open-loop gain, infinite bandwidth, and infinite slew rate. There are three main op-amp configurations - inverting, non-inverting, and summing. The inverting configuration inverts the output signal phase. The non-inverting configuration maintains the output signal phase. The summing amplifier combines multiple input voltages into a single output voltage proportional to the algebraic sum of the inputs.

1. Part 01
Operational Amplifier
Dr. Krishna Jibon Mondal
Assistant Professor and Head
Department of Physics and Electronics
Shri Shankaracharya Mahavidyalaya, Bhilai

2. Introduction
An operational amplifier commonly known
as op-amp is a two-input single-output
differential voltage amplifier which is
characterized by
 high input impedance
 low output impedance
 high gain

3. Characteristics of Operational amplifier
 Input Impedance (Zin): An ideal op-amp has infinite
input impedance
 Output Impedance (Zout): An ideal op-amp has zero
output impedance
 Open-Loop Gain (AVO): An ideal op-amp, the gain
will be infinite
 Bandwidth (BW):An ideal op-amp, the bandwidth
will be infinite
 Slew Rate:An ideal op-amp will have an infinite
slew rate
 Offset Voltage (VIO) : An Ideal op-amp will have
zero offset voltage
 CMRR (Common Mode Rejection Ratio): An ideal
op-amp will have infinite CMRR

4. Inverting Operational Amplifier
Configuration
 In this Inverting Amplifier circuit the operational
amplifier is connected with feedback to produce
a closed loop operation

5. Then, the Closed-Loop Voltage Gain of an Inverting
Amplifier is given as.
Linear Output
The negative sign in the equation indicates an
inversion of the output signal with respect to the
input as it is 180 degree out of phase. This is due
to the feedback being negative in value.

6. Non-inverting Operational
AmplifierIn this configuration, the input voltage signal, ( VIN ) is applied directly to the
non-inverting ( + ) input terminal which means that the output gain of
the amplifier becomes “Positive” in value in contrast to the “Inverting
Amplifier”.

7. Then the closed loop voltage gain of a Non-
inverting Operational Amplifier will be given
as:

8. Summing Amplifier
The Summing Amplifier is another type of operational
amplifier circuit configuration that is used to combine the
voltages present on two or more inputs into a single output
voltage.

9. However, if all the input impedances, ( RIN ) are
equal in value, we can simplify the above
equation to give an output voltage of:
Thus, an output voltage signal is proportional to
the algebraic “SUM” of the three individual
input voltages V1, V2 and V3

10. THANK YOU