Land reform in India has involved abolishing intermediaries like rent collectors and establishing ceilings on land ownership to redistribute surplus land to the landless. The goals were to remove impediments to agricultural production from the previous feudal system and eliminate exploitation. Key reforms included abolishing rent collectors, regulating tenancy, imposing landholding ceilings, consolidating fragmented holdings, and promoting cooperative farming. Impacts included reducing disparities, giving ex-landlords other work, increasing revenue, and empowering small farmers and laborers. Land reform aimed to promote social justice and economic growth through a more equitable distribution of agricultural land.

1. Dr. Laxmi Verma
BA-1st Year
subject- Indian Economics
Topic - Land reform

2. Land reform in India
• From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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reform refers to efforts to reform the
ownership and regulation of land in India. Or,
those lands which are redistributed by the
government from landholders to landless
people for agriculture or special purpose is
known as Land Reform.

3. • Goals
• Land distribution has been part of India's state policy
from the very beginning.Independent India's most
revolutionary land policy was perhaps the abolition of
the Zamindari system (feudal landholding practices).
Land-reform policy in India had two specific objectives:
"The first is to remove such impediments to increase in
agricultural production as arise from the agrarian
structure inherited from the past. The second
objective, which is closely related to the first, is to
eliminate all elements of exploitation and social
injustice within the agrarian system, to provide security
for the tiller of the soil and assure equality of status
and opportunity to all sections of the rural population.”
(Government of India 1961 as quoted by Appu 1996)

4. • Categories
• There are six main categories of reforms:
• Abolition of intermediaries (rent collectors under
the pre-Independence land revenue system);
• Tenancy regulation (to improve the contractual
terms including the security of tenure);
• A ceiling on landholdings (to redistributing
surplus land to the landless);
• Attempts to consolidate disparate landholdings;
• encouragement of cooperative joint farming;
• settlement and regulation of tenancy.[3]

5. • The main objectives of the Land Reforms:
• These are as follows:
To make redistribution of Land to make a
socialistic pattern of society. Such an effort will
reduce the inequalities in ownership of land.
• To ensure land ceiling and take away the surplus
land to be distributed among the small and
marginal farmers.
• To legitimize tenancy with the ceiling limit.
• To register all the tenancy with the village
Panchayats.

6. • To establish relation between tenancy and ceiling.
• To remove rural poverty.
• Proliferating socialist development to lessen
social inequality
• Empowerment of women in the traditionally
male driven society.
• To increase productivity of agriculture.
• To see that everyone can have a right on a piece
of land.
• Protection of tribal by not allowing outsiders to
take their land.

7. • Impact of Land Reform in India:
•
Following ere the outcomes of Land Reforms in
India.Abolition of Jamindars and Jagirdars:
The powerful Jamindars and Jagirdars have become
inexistent.
The abolition of intermediaries has stopped exploitation.
Transfer of land to peasants from intermediaries has
reduced disparities.
The new proprietorship has given scope for innovation in
Land Reforms.
The ex-jagirdars and ex-Jamindars have engaged
themselves actively in other work thus contributing for
National Growth.
The abolishment of these systems has increased to the new
land owners thus adding revenue to the state governments.

8. • Land Ceiling:
Land is a source of Income in rural India land
and it provides employment opportunities.
Therefore it is important for the marginal
farmers, agricultural labourers, and small
farmers. The concept 'ceiling on land holdings'
denotes to the legally stipulated maximum
size beyond which no individual farmer or
farm household can hold any land. The
objective of such ceiling is to promote
economic growth with social justice

9. • Land possession and social power: It is
observed that the land is not only the source
of production but also for generating power in
the community. In the Indian system, the land
is often transferred from one generation to
another generation. However all this lack the
documentation of possession of land. In this
framework, the government had made it
mandatory to register all tenancy
arrangements.