Superficial punctate keratitis by optometry fans site, definition of SPK, causes of superficial punctate keratitis, symptoms of superficial punctate keratitis, treatment of superficial punctate keratitis, management and treatment of SPK
Eyelid surgery: What is chemosis and how to treat itDr. Naveen Somia
Chemosis is a condition that someone can experience post any surgery around the eyes. This SlideShare explains more about the condition and how to treat it.
Allergic conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane covering the white part of the eye) due to allergy.Although allergens differ among patients, the most common cause is hay fever. Symptoms consist of redness (mainly due to vasodilation of the peripheral small blood vessels), edema (swelling) of the conjunctiva, itching, and increased lacrimation (production of tears). If this is combined with rhinitis, the condition is termed allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
The symptoms are due to release of histamine and other active substances by mast cells, which stimulate dilation of blood vessels, irritate nerve endings, and increase secretion of tears.
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis is by avoiding the allergen (e.g., avoiding grass in bloom during "hay fever season") and treatment with antihistamines, either topical (in the form of eye drops), or systemic (in the form of tablets). Antihistamines, medications that stabilize mast cells, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are generally safe and usually effective.
The cornea can recover from minor injuries on its own. If it is scratched, healthy cells slide over quickly and patch the injury before it causes infection or affects vision. But if a scratch causes a deep injury to the cornea, it will take longer to heal.
Superficial punctate keratitis by optometry fans site, definition of SPK, causes of superficial punctate keratitis, symptoms of superficial punctate keratitis, treatment of superficial punctate keratitis, management and treatment of SPK
Eyelid surgery: What is chemosis and how to treat itDr. Naveen Somia
Chemosis is a condition that someone can experience post any surgery around the eyes. This SlideShare explains more about the condition and how to treat it.
Allergic conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane covering the white part of the eye) due to allergy.Although allergens differ among patients, the most common cause is hay fever. Symptoms consist of redness (mainly due to vasodilation of the peripheral small blood vessels), edema (swelling) of the conjunctiva, itching, and increased lacrimation (production of tears). If this is combined with rhinitis, the condition is termed allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
The symptoms are due to release of histamine and other active substances by mast cells, which stimulate dilation of blood vessels, irritate nerve endings, and increase secretion of tears.
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis is by avoiding the allergen (e.g., avoiding grass in bloom during "hay fever season") and treatment with antihistamines, either topical (in the form of eye drops), or systemic (in the form of tablets). Antihistamines, medications that stabilize mast cells, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are generally safe and usually effective.
The cornea can recover from minor injuries on its own. If it is scratched, healthy cells slide over quickly and patch the injury before it causes infection or affects vision. But if a scratch causes a deep injury to the cornea, it will take longer to heal.
OCULAR ALLERGY THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVES
by DR PRIYA BASAIAWMOIT
presentation about ocular allergy & therapeutic perspectives
and there management for ophthalmologist and eye care professionals
Allergic disorders are on rise with increase in urbanization, improved personal hygiene & more people migrating in search of jobs, better opportunities. Diagnosis of allergy can aid the clinician is appropriate counselling of the patient for avoidance of specific allergens & if required prescribe appropriate immunotherapy.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
1. Fawzia Abo ali
Prof. of Medicine, Allergy &Immunology
Ain Shams Faculty of Medicine
Allergic conjunctivitis
2. • Approximately one-third of the
population is affected by some form of
allergic disease, about 40% of them
report ocular symptoms.
• Allergic eye diseases affect the ocular
surface, including the cornea,
conjunctiva (>80%), and eyelid.
• IgE- and/or T-cell-mediated .
4. Percentage of patients with a specific ocular
allergy :
Kabat A and Sowka J. Rev Optom 2014;152(10):80-1
5. 1. Seasonal and 2.perennial allergic
conjunctivitis
acute simple conjunctivitis
Typical symptoms include:
Itching, redness, burning,&
watery discharge
• symptoms in spring, or
summer
• Seasonal allergens as
plant pollens
• (hay fever ).
• occurs all year round
(PAC)
• perennial allergens as
house dust mite, animal
dander and moulds
6. 3. Atopic keratoconjunctivitis
• (AKC) is a chronic, allergic ocular disease that
occurs most often in patients with a history of
atopic dermatitis (AD) ocular form.
• Hypersensitivity reactions associated with types I
and IV contribute to the inflammatory changes of
the conjunctiva and the cornea .
7. 4. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (spring
catarrh)
VKC is a disease of warm weather months .
• In this form, a nonspecific hyperreactivity
characterized by hyperaemia, chemosis,
photophobia, and sticky mucous
• The hallmark of the disease is the presence
of giant papillae (cobblestone appearance) .
• Patients with VKC frequently have a history
of atopic diseases, asthma, rhinitis, and
eczema.
• However, VKC is not associated with a
positive skin test in 42–47% of patients
8. 5. Giant papillary conjunctivitis
• Giant papillary conjunctivitis is a common
complication of contact lens wear. however,
never leads to the severe tissue morbidity of
VKC.
9. Contact dermatoconjunctivitis
• An allergic reaction mediated by type IV
hypersensitivity to a topically applied
agent.
• The conjunctiva is often hyperemic as a
reaction to the inflamed eyelids.
• Neomycin ointment used to treat red eye
causes this in 10% of patients
• People with celiac or gluten intolerance
could have ocular irritations when they use
makeup made from wheat products.
• Food & corn allergies can also trigger
makeup sensitivity.
14. Allergen specific IgE antibody.
Atopy patch test (APT) in cases of delayed-type
hypersensitivity & If contact allergy is suspected
15. Tear fluid IgE can be measured.
Conjunctival provocation test
(CPT): It should be done with
standardized water-soluble allergen
extracts
Conjunctival scrapings for
eosinophils – particularly elevated in
VKC, AKC and GPC
Nasal provocation test (NPT)
• NPT is used to determine nasal
and/or conjunctival reaction to
allergens.
16. Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis:
General measures
o Allergen avoidance:
1. House dust mites, Replace carpets with linoleum
or wooden floors, Remove curtains, pets and
stuffed toys from bedroom
o AVOID ALLERGENS IN BEAUTY PRODUCTS;
• Perform a patch test
• Keep the ingredient list short and simple
• Check the expiration date
o Cold compresses
o Stop contact lens wear
o Artificial tears
17. Pharmacotherapy
1. Vasoconstrictors/antihistamines
2. Mast cell stabilisers
3. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
4. Corticosteroids
5. Severe cases :
o short-term treatment with systemic corticosteroids
o calcineurin (Cn) inhibitors, to avoid the serious ocular
side effects of long-term corticosteroid treatment.
o Cn inhibitors are capable of inducing local
immunosuppression. Cn is the target of the
immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine A (CsA) and,
tacrolimus (Trl),
18. Allergen-specific immunotherapy
• It is highly effective in the
treatment of patients with severe
allergic conjunctivitis(SAC ,PAC) &
/rhinoconjunctivitis
• SCIT or SLIT immunotherapy at
least for 3 years are equally
effective in induction of tolerance
against natural allergens.
19. Anti-IgE therapy
• Preliminary study indicates
Omalizumab is effective for nasal and
ophthalmic symptoms of intermittent
and perennial allergic rhinitis .
• Ongoing studies to determine the
effect of Omalizumab in atopic
dermatitis may have implications for
treatment of AKC Pharmacotherapy
of allergic disease:
20.
21. • Ocular allergy is one of the most common
conditions encountered by allergists and
ophthalmologists.
• Forms of ocular allergy are: seasonal allergic
conjunctivitis, perennial allergic conjunctivitis, vernal
keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratocongiuntivitis, giant
papillary conjunctivitis and contact allergy,.
• they are mediated by Type I and type 4 hypersensitivity
mechanism .
• An understanding of the immunologic mechanisms, and
clinical features may be useful to both allergist and
ophthalmologists to recognize the proper integrated
management for such patients.
Take home message:
22. • References
• Ono SJ, Abelson MB. Allergic conjunctivitis update on pathophysiology and prospects for future
treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Jan;115(1):118-22.
• Rosario N, Bielory L. Epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011
Oct;11(5):471-6.
• 3. Kabat A, Sowka J. New blepharitis treatments: a decade ago, we looked at the latest treatment
options for blepharitis. It’s high time we eye them up again. Rev Optom 2014;152(10):80-1Pitt AD,
Smith AF, Lindsell L, et al. Economic and quality of-life impact of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis in
Oxfordshire. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2004 Feb;11(1):17-33.
• Abo-Ali FH1, Farres MN1, Shahin RY1, Eissa AM1, Ahmed A1, Abdel-Monsef A2, Arafa NA3. Skin
Prick Test Reactivity to Aeroallergens among Egyptian Patients with Isolated Allergic Conjunctival
Disease.Egypt J Immunol. 2015 Jun;22(2):41-47.
• Leonardi A, Motterle L, Bortolotti M. Allergy and the eye. Clin Exp Immunol. 2008 Sep;153(s1):17-
21.
• Rubenstein JB, Tannan A. Allergic conjunctivitis. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 4th
ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014:chap 4.7.
• Stock EL, Meisler DM. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. Duane's
Ophthalmology. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013:vol 4;chap 9.
• Mishra GP, Tamboli V, Jwala J, Mitra AK. Recent patents and emerging therapeutics in the
treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergey Drug Discov. 2011 Jan;5(1):26-
36.
• Reyes NJ, Mayhew E, Chen PW, Niederkorn JY. T cells are required for the maximal expression
of allergic conjunctivi tis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 Apr 6;52(5):2211-16.
• Mantelli F, Lambiase A, Bonini S. A simple and rapid diagnostic algorithm for the detection of
ocular allergic diseases. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009 Oct;9(5):471-6.