1. Inhalation therapy has been used for centuries to deliver medication to the lungs through smoke or vapors from plants. Ancient Egyptians and Indians commonly inhaled smoke from plants like belladonna and datura strammonium for respiratory relief.
2. In the early 1800s, asthma cigarettes containing datura became popular in Britain and America after an asthmatic doctor found relief from smoking them. Asthma cigarettes containing ingredients like atropine and cannabis gained widespread use through the 19th century.
3. Concerns over abuse and unpredictable dosing led to restrictions on asthma cigarettes in the 1980s. The development of modern inhalers like metered-dose inhalers and dry powder
The term sulfonamides also known as (sulphonamides, sulfa drugs or sulpha drugs) are used for are a group of drugs ranging in clinical use from antibacterial to diuretic activity that share the sulfonamide functional group.
Chemically, the sulfonamide functional group is -S (=O)2-NH2 , i.e. a sulfonyl group connected to an amine group.
The original sulfonamides were synthetic antimicrobial agents but now newer groups have been developed from them .
.The journey of these drugs is a remarkable one and their discovery represents one of the important breakthroughs of medicine of the 20th century
The term sulfonamides also known as (sulphonamides, sulfa drugs or sulpha drugs) are used for are a group of drugs ranging in clinical use from antibacterial to diuretic activity that share the sulfonamide functional group.
Chemically, the sulfonamide functional group is -S (=O)2-NH2 , i.e. a sulfonyl group connected to an amine group.
The original sulfonamides were synthetic antimicrobial agents but now newer groups have been developed from them .
.The journey of these drugs is a remarkable one and their discovery represents one of the important breakthroughs of medicine of the 20th century
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
2. Asthma therapy :
from cigarettes to inhalers
FAWZIA ABO ALI
AIN SHAMS FACULTY OF MEDICINE
3. Inhalation therapy
Inhalation has been employed as a
method of delivering medication to
the lung for centuries, in forms
ranging from smoke to vapour.
Ancient man discovered medicinal
plants by observation and experience.
Inhaling the smoke or odours of some
plants was tried to get pleasure and
relief of lung troubles .
Incense Inhalation
4. Inhalation in ancient Egypt.
The first recordings of inhaling the herbs
was around 4,000 B.C.
The Ancient Egyptians had plentiful
access to atropa belladonna plant.
Encyclopedia.com describes how
Egyptian women squirted drops in their
eyes "for the allure given by large,
black pupils: hence the name
belladonna — ‘fine lady'.“
It made pretty eyes prettier and helped
beautiful Egyptian women woo men.
www.encyclopedia.com
5.
6. • Physicians used belladonna as a remedy for just
about any respiratory illness. The dried and crushed
herbs were heated, and the smoke was inhaled to
provide breathing relief.
• However, there were risks, such as dry mouth,
increased heart rate, dilated pupils, nausea and
excitation.
7. Ancient India
In ancient India around 100
A.D. There were many herbs
the Indians had access to ,such
as datura strammonium.
Like belladonna, the leaves,
stems and roots were dried and
crushed into a fine powder
the Indians stuffed into their
pipes and smoked it.
8. Asthma Cigarettes
1800-1985:
A long time passed before British physician and
asthmatic James Anderson visited India and
enjoyed breathing relief after smoking a cigarette
containing datura strammonium.
The year was 1802.
Dr. Sims a friend of Anderson in Edinbergh, noted
the benefits, and published a report in
the Edinbrugh Medical and Surgical Journal.
After this report ,asthma cigarettes were entered
into British and American pharmacopoeia, and
became popular for the treatment of asthma in
these western nations.
Sneader, Walter, "Drug discovery: a history, 2005, England, page 96
10. Atropine
Atropine (secret ingredient the cigarettes) was first
derived from the belladonna plant in 1833.
By 1867 Atropine was isolated. It was then
determined to be a component alkaloid of the various
nightshade plants found in India, including the datura
strammonium, atropa belladonna, and the hyoscyamus
niger (black henbane).
Early studies showed that atropine :dried secretions,
increased heart rate, opened air passages, and
produced a hallucinogenic effect.
www.encyclopedia.com
11. Asthma Cigarette craze!!
By the mid 19th century the market for inhaling
ingredients grew steadily. Belladonna,
stramonium, henbane, atropine, and even cannabis
were widely sold to patients.
Some inhaled powder on plates, others stuffed it
into pipes, or rolled it into cigarettes.
The products were marketed for any respiratory
condition, including asthma, chronic bronchitis,
whooping cough, catarrh, and hay fever.
By the 1880s technology progressed so some
companies pre-rolled cigarettes and sold them at
pharmacies.
12. Asthma cigarettes brands
• Asthma cigarettes from a
variety of companies could be
found on pharmacy shelves.
According the Inhalatorium,
the most famous brands were:
• Potter's Asthma Cigarettes
• Blosser’s
• Marshall’s
• Kinsman’
• Dr Guild’s green Mountain
• Kellogg’s
• Page’s
• Regesan’s
www.inhalatorium.com
13. Charles Dickens
(18121870)
• Charles Dickens suffered severe
recurrent attacks of asthma.
• He found relief from his "chest
troubles" only with asthma
cigarettes, the popular asthma
remedy of that time.
14. Invention of nebulizers:
Asthma cigarettes continued to be
popular even after the discovery of
epinephrine in 1900 and as the
solutions of epinephrine and atropine
became options for home use with the
invention of bulb syringe nebulizers.
Rau, Joseph L., "Inhaled Adrenergic Bronchodilators: Historical Development and Clinical Application," at AARC.org
(American Association of Respiratory Care, July, 2000, Vol. 45, number 7),
15. First inhaler
while asthma cigarettes were
the preferred choice due to
convenience and cost, that all
changed in 1957 with the
invention of the inhaler, and the
release of the Medihaler-Iso
and the Medihaler Epi.
These inhalers provided instant
relief, inexpensive, and easily
carried in pockets and purses.
16. The end of asthma cigarettes
the cigarettes were still a viable over the counter
option until the early 1980s.
The end came due to growing concerns teenagers
were purchasing asthma cigarettes not for
asthma relief but for their hallucinogenic effects.
17. H.L. Elliot and J.L. Reid described in a 1980 article published in
the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacy a study that concluded;
18. 1. “Asthma cigarettes made of "herbal preparations
containing Atropinelike alkaloids" were just as
effective as using ipatropium bromide (Atrovent)”.
2. "an overdose of of asthma cigarettes is capable of
producing (hallucinations, delerium, tachycardia."
3. “the dose of medication getting to the lungs is
"variable and unpredictable.“
4. "In view of increasing evidence of abuse, there
appears to be good reason to restrict availability of
these preparations. “
19. The end of asthma cigarettes
• By 1985 asthma cigarettes were
removed from the shelves of all
U.S. Stores. By this time there
were many other options of
inhalers which have taken over
since the introduction of the first
modern -the pressurised metered-
dose inhaler (pMDI).
20. The pMDI was initially used for the administration
of the non-selective beta-agonists adrenaline and
isoprenaline.
However, the epidemic of asthma deaths which
occurred in the 1960s led to these drugs being
outdated by the selective short-acting beta-agonist
salbutamol, and the first inhaled corticosteroid
(ICS) beclomethasone.
At the same time, sodium cromoglycate was
introduced, to be administered via the first dry-
powder inhaler--the Spinhaler--but owing to its
relatively weak anti-inflammatory action, its use is
now very limited.
21. Lastly,
Over the last 10
years, the long-acting
beta-agonists
(LABAs) have
become an important
add-on therapy for
the management of
asthma, and they are
now often used with
ICS either separate
or in a single
combination inhaler.
22. References:
1. Encyclopecia.com
2. "Sneader, Walter, "Drug discovery: a history, 2005, England, page
96
3. "The Scarcity of Cubebs," The Chemist and Druggist," 1887, Feb.
26, page 268 of Chemist and Druggist: A Weekly Trade Journal,
1887, Vol. XXX, January to June 1887
4. H.L. Elliot and J.L. Reid, "
The Clinical Pharmacology of a Herbal Asthma Cigarette"British
Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (1980, 10, 480-490)
5. Smyth, Hugh D.C, Anthony J. Hickey, "Controlled Pulmonary Drug
Delivery," 2100, Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London
6. www.hardluck asthma.com
7. www.Inhalatorium.com.
8. Crompton G, A brief history of inhaled asthma therapy over the
last fifty years.Prim Care Respir J. 2006 Dec;15(6):326-31. Epub
2006 Nov 7.