Observation is a natural way to gather data and can provide more real information than other methods. There are two types of observation: structured, where activities and characteristics are decided in advance; and unstructured, where the observer notes whatever is relevant. Participant observation involves the observer becoming part of the group, while non-participant observation keeps the observer outside the group. Advantages include efficiency and quick results, while disadvantages include potential for bias and limited information. Care must be taken to focus observations and record them objectively.

1. Presented by,
ASWANI RAJ
Technique Of Assessment
“OBSERVATION”

2. •Observation is a natural way of gathering data.
Data collected through observation may be often
more real and true than data collected by any
other method.
•Observation method as the name suggests is
based on observation. Observation means
watching with a purpose. It is keen and
scientific study of problem.
•It is the process of acquiring knowledge
through the use of sense organs. It has three
components namely sensation, attention and
perception.

3. Kinds of
Observation
1)Structured And
Unstructured
Observation

4. S t r u c t u r e d o b s e r v at i o n
 It refers to the observation made when the
type of activities and characteristics to be
identified and recorded are decided in
advance. It is followed when the situation
to be observed is clear and fairly
unambiguous

5. U n s t r u c t u r e d o b s e r v a t i o n
 When things to be observed are not
prefixed, the observer is more or less in a
free situation to note down whatever he
deems relevant to the situations is being
studied. It is used as an exploratory
technique

6. Participant observation
 In this type, the observer also remains in the
group throughout and keeps a close watch or
observes each and every event and individuals.
He will become a member of the group and plays
a crucial role. The group does not think that the
observer is a stranger. It gives more accurate,
reliable and authentic results.

7. Non participant observation
 Here the observer will be outside the
group and is placed in such a
position where he can visualize the
situation very clearly without
disturbing the group or individual
whom he is observing. Especially
this method is useful for children and
abnormal persons.

8. Advantages
1) Very simple to administer
2) It takes less time and feasible for the
investigator
3) More data can be collected
4) Respondents are free and will not have
any inhibition in responding
5) Very quick to conduct and come out with
results.
6) It can even be conducted on illiterates
and children.

9. Disadvantages
1. Interference of subjective bias,
values, attitudes and emotions.
2. The information obtained is very
limited
3. It is not useful for studying past
events.
4. Validity and reliability of the
observational measurement cannot
be ensured always.
5. It is a time consuming method

10. Things to be Remembered during
Observation.
 Ensure that specific or physical
arrangements are made for the group of
individuals under observation
 Focus on specific activities or unit of
observation
 Handle the recording equipments properly.
 Follow the structured schedule.
 Make notes of observation in the
respective context or situation as per
requirements.
 Make observation as much objective as

11. CONCLUSION
 On the whole this method is very
useful and a natural way of
gathering data .
 Its limitation is that it is basically a
time-consuming process.

12. .