The document discusses complications and treatment of obesity. It summarizes that obesity affects almost all systems of the body and is associated with various comorbidities related to cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gastrointestinal, neurology, oncology, metabolism, and psychology. The prognosis of obesity is usually poor, increasing risks of various diseases. Obesity can be treated through diet, physical exercise, behavioral modification, medications, and bariatric surgery.

1. SELECTED FOR PUBLICATION
IN STUDENT'S CORNER
COMPLICATIONS AND
TREATMENT OF
OBESITY
Biochemistry For medics
www.namrata.co

2. Presenter Name
Presentation Date
By
B.R-Nabila Aubeeluck
Roll Number 4

3. Metabolic alterations in different
Systems and related complications
Prognosis
Treatment –Diet, Exercise,
Medication & Surgery
Summary
References
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4. Co-Morbidities associated with
Obesity
1.Cardiology
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5. 2.Dermatology
 Stretch Marks (Striae)
 Acanthosis nigricans
 Cellulitis
 Hirsutism
 Intetrigo
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6. 3.Endocrinology&
Reproductive System
 Diabetes Mellitus
 Menstrual Disorders
 Infertility
 Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Complications of Pregnancy
Birth Defects
Intrauterine Foetal Death
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7. 4.Gastrointestinal
 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Due to increased BMI
Causes HEARTBURNS
 Fatty Liver
Due to insulin resistance
 Cholelithiasis
Low fibre, high cholesterol
and starchy food
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8. 6.Neurology
 Stroke
Blockage in blood supply to brain
 Dementia
More visceral fat-> smaller brain volume
 Meralgia Paresthetica
Weight gain->more pressure on lat.cutaneous N of Thigh
 Migraines
 Multiple Sclerosis
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9. 7.Oncology
 Breast Cancer
 Oesophageal Cancer
 Liver Cancer
 Pancreatic Cancer
A recent report estimated that
In the United States,14 % of deaths from cancer in
men, and 20% of deaths in women were due to overweight
and
Obesity
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10. 9.Metabolic
Syndrome
 Hyperinsulinemia
 Hyperurecemia
Gout
 Diabetes
 Dyslipidemia
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11. 10.Psychology
 Depression
Self-loathing
Strongest in younger and
in women
 Social Stigmatization
Less chances of
employment, earn less
and less likely to get
married.
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12. Biochemistry For Medics 14

13. Prognosis
 With BMI of 25-28.9,
Relative risk of Coronary Heart Disease is 1.72
 Increases cardiovascular mortality rate 4 fold
 Increases cancer-related mortality rate 2 fold
 In total,severely obese people have 6-12 fold
increase in the all-cause mortality rate
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14. Treatment
1.Diet
DON’T’s
DO’s _____________________________
____________________________ Intake of red and processed
 Low Calorie diet meat
 Smaller meals Intake of simple sugars and
 Increase intake of complex refined carbs
carbs and low glycemic Excessive salt intake
index foods Excessive intake of fast foods
 Increase intake of mono and calorie-rich soft drinks
and poly saturated fats Intake of saturated fats
 Increase consumption of Intake of fad diets
fresh fruits,veg and low-fat
dairy products
 Drink good quality water
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15. 2.Physical Exercise
 Muscles consume energy from both fat
and glycogen
 30 min moderate exercise 5 days a week
 Must be combined with proper diet for
effective weight loss
3.Behavioral Modification
& Social Support
 Psychological Conselling
 Support from near and dear ones
 Obesity support groups
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16. 4.Medications
Sibutramine
-An anorectic
 Orlistat
-Reccomended dose:10 mg/day
-Side effects:dry mouth,insomnia,high BP
-inhibits pancreatic lipase
-Recommended dose:120mg 3 times daily
5.Bariatric Surgerygas,cramps
-Side effects:Diarrhea,
 Gastric Band
 Gastric Bypass
 Liposuction Biochemistry For Medics 18

17. SUMMARY
 Obesity affects almost,if not all,systems of the
body
 Prognosis is usually bad
 Obesity can be treated!
Dieting,Physical activity,
Medications,Surgery
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18. References & Acknowledgement
 World Heath Organisation website
 NHS website
 Cancer Network website
 BBC website
 The Guardian
 Wikipedia
 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence website
 Biochemistry-Harper
 A case Oriented Approach Towards Biochemistry-
Namrata Chhabra
 Biochemistry department-SSRMC
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19. “Eat to live;
Don’t live to
eat!”
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20. `
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