Nutrients junior cert
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The document discusses different nutrients including proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals. It provides information on their structure, sources, functions and deficiency diseases if not consumed in adequate amounts. The six main nutrients are proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and water. Macro nutrients like proteins, fats and carbohydrates are needed in large amounts and must be broken down, while micro nutrients such as vitamins and minerals are needed in small amounts and can be absorbed once eaten.
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Anatomy And Physiology of Human body
INTRODUCTION TO THE
HUMAN BODY
ANATOMY is the study of the structure of the
body and of the relationship of its constituent
parts to each other.
In regional anatomy a geographical study is
made and each region, e.g., arm, leg, head,
chest, etc., is found to consist of a number of
structures common to all regions such as bones,
muscles, nerves, blood vessels and so on.
From this study it follows that a number of
different systems exist.
Fats
C H 2 ) 16
C
O
C
O
C
(C H 2 ) 18
CH 3
H
O
CH 2
O
C
(C H 2 ) 16
CH 3
S te a r o -d io le in
(m ix e d tria c ylg ly c e r o l)
1. Fats provide energy, carry fat-soluble vitamins, and act as insulation. Only 10% of our diet should come from fat.
2. Lipids include fats, oils, waxes and related compounds. They are made of glycer
Vitamins and minerals
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12. Nutrients and Metabolism
The document discusses nutrients and metabolism. It defines six categories of nutrients including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. It describes the processes of catabolism, which breaks down molecules to produce energy, and anabolism, which uses energy to construct new molecules. Key metabolic pathways discussed include glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport system, which generate ATP through carbohydrate metabolism. Control of metabolic reactions is achieved through enzymes and cofactors.
Vitamins
People with increased nutrient needs may require supplements. Women who menstruate heavily may need iron supplements. Newborns require a single vitamin K dose at birth. Women of childbearing age need folic acid supplements to reduce neural tube defects in babies. Vitamins are organic compounds essential in small amounts and must be obtained from food or supplements. They regulate chemical reactions and cannot be synthesized by the body. Fat soluble vitamins like A, D, E and K are stored in tissues while water soluble vitamins like the B vitamins and C are not stored and require constant supply.
Carbohydrates introduction
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Functional proteins 2 (1) (1)
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Nutrition Lecture 1
The document provides an overview of basic nutrition concepts including:
1) It defines nutrition and discusses why studying nutrition is important for health and preventing chronic diseases.
2) It outlines the six major classes of nutrients - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water - and their basic functions.
3) It examines the typical American diet and recommendations for macronutrient intake, noting most Americans consume more fat and simple carbohydrates than recommended.
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Carbohydrates provide the body with its primary source of energy. They have a chemical composition of (CH2O)n and can be classified as simple or complex. Simple carbohydrates like monosaccharides glucose, fructose, and galactose and disaccharides like sucrose, lactose, and maltose are more easily digested, while complex carbohydrates like starch, fiber, and polysaccharides provide vitamins, minerals and fiber. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose through digestion in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine before being absorbed. Tests like Benedict's test and iodine testing can identify the presence of sugars and starches.
Nutrients in food
The document discusses the main nutrients found in food - carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and fats. It provides details on the specific roles of vitamins A, B, B12, C, and D, explaining their health benefits and common food sources. Key minerals mentioned are calcium and iron, which are needed for bone and teeth growth and formation of red blood cells respectively. In conclusion, the various nutrients in food are essential to provide energy, support growth and repair of the body, and maintain overall health.
Carbohydrates and its types
Carbohydrates are an essential source of energy. They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and are classified as simple or complex. Simple carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose and fructose and disaccharides like sucrose. Complex carbohydrates are polysaccharides such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose. Plants produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis and they are found in foods like grains, fruits, vegetables, and dairy. Carbohydrates provide an important source of fuel for the human body.
Minerals
The minerals form only a small portion of the total body weight. They form only 7% of the composition of human body.
Many of these minerals are widely distributed in foods so that a well-balanced diet will supply them in sufficient quantities.
The mineral elements present in the animal body may be classified into 2 groups:
1.Principal elements(macro nutrients)
2.Trace elements(micro nutrients)
Edu290 nutrition powerpoint
This document provides information on nutrition and healthy eating for a second grade level. It discusses the importance of eating a variety of foods to get all necessary nutrients since no single food contains everything needed. It also notes the need for vegetarians and those who are lactose intolerant to incorporate certain nutrients from alternative food sources. The document then classifies different food groups and provides examples of foods that fit within each group. It concludes by discussing combination foods, limited foods and beverages, and citing sources of information.
PPT on Nutrients
This document provides an overview of the six essential nutrients needed for human health: water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. It describes the functions of each nutrient in fueling the body and promoting growth, repair, and basic bodily functions. Key points covered include examples of food sources for each nutrient type and the roles they play such as carbohydrates providing energy, proteins building tissues, and vitamins and minerals enabling various chemical processes. Balance, variety and moderation in nutrient intake from all food groups is emphasized for overall wellness.
Nutrition and energy
- Calorie is the standard unit used to measure the energy value of food and human energy expenditure. Various methods can be used to measure energy including direct calorimetry, indirect calorimetry, and determining respiratory exchange ratio.
- The human body derives energy through several pathways including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and alcohols can all be broken down to produce energy.
- Factors like basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food determine total energy expenditure, while energy intake and energy balance impact body weight and health. Regular physical activity provides numerous health benefits.
Anatomy And Physiology of Human body
INTRODUCTION TO THE
HUMAN BODY
ANATOMY is the study of the structure of the
body and of the relationship of its constituent
parts to each other.
In regional anatomy a geographical study is
made and each region, e.g., arm, leg, head,
chest, etc., is found to consist of a number of
structures common to all regions such as bones,
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Fats
C H 2 ) 16
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C
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(C H 2 ) 18
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H
O
CH 2
O
C
(C H 2 ) 16
CH 3
S te a r o -d io le in
(m ix e d tria c ylg ly c e r o l)
1. Fats provide energy, carry fat-soluble vitamins, and act as insulation. Only 10% of our diet should come from fat.
2. Lipids include fats, oils, waxes and related compounds. They are made of glycer
Vitamins and minerals
Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients that regulate body processes and help with enzyme reactions, even though they provide no calories. Vitamins are categorized as fat-soluble or water-soluble, and both are important for various functions in the body like vision, immune function, cell growth, and energy production. Deficiencies of certain vitamins can lead to diseases, so it is important to obtain vitamins from food sources. Minerals also serve critical roles in the body and are divided into major minerals and trace minerals, both of which are involved in processes like bone health, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
Food and nutrients
This document discusses food and nutrients. It defines food as any substance that can provide nutrients to the body. Nutrients are chemical substances that help the body stay healthy and energetic. There are five main types of nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and mineral salts. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats provide energy, while all nutrients help with growth, repairing tissues and overall health. The document outlines the roles and food sources of each nutrient type.
12. Nutrients and Metabolism
The document discusses nutrients and metabolism. It defines six categories of nutrients including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. It describes the processes of catabolism, which breaks down molecules to produce energy, and anabolism, which uses energy to construct new molecules. Key metabolic pathways discussed include glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport system, which generate ATP through carbohydrate metabolism. Control of metabolic reactions is achieved through enzymes and cofactors.
Vitamins
People with increased nutrient needs may require supplements. Women who menstruate heavily may need iron supplements. Newborns require a single vitamin K dose at birth. Women of childbearing age need folic acid supplements to reduce neural tube defects in babies. Vitamins are organic compounds essential in small amounts and must be obtained from food or supplements. They regulate chemical reactions and cannot be synthesized by the body. Fat soluble vitamins like A, D, E and K are stored in tissues while water soluble vitamins like the B vitamins and C are not stored and require constant supply.
Carbohydrates introduction
This document discusses carbohydrates and their role as an energy source. It explains that glucose provides immediate energy while glycogen stores excess glucose. Carbohydrates are divided into simple and complex types. Simple carbohydrates like sugars are easily digested while complex carbohydrates like starches and fibers require more breakdown. The body tightly regulates blood glucose levels through the hormones insulin and glucagon. Imbalances can lead to conditions like diabetes or hypoglycemia. Dietary recommendations emphasize balancing carbohydrates with fiber, protein, and fat.
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Carbohydrate presentation
Carbohydrates are sugars that provide the body with energy. There are two types - simple carbohydrates like refined sugars and fruits, and complex carbohydrates like grains. Carbohydrates are digested and absorbed for energy, and the best choices are whole grains, vegetables, and fruits. Disorders can result from too few or too many carbohydrates, such as diabetes, hypoglycemia, and lactose intolerance. Hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar is too low and symptoms include shakiness, dizziness, and mood changes.
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This document discusses functional proteins, which are proteins that perform specific functions in the body beyond just structural roles. It provides examples of different types of functional proteins like enzymes, hormones, hemoglobin, and antibodies. It also discusses sources of proteins from foods like wheat, corn, fish, eggs, yogurt and classifies proteins as either complete or incomplete based on their amino acid content. Combining different plant and animal protein sources can create complete proteins that provide all essential amino acids.
Globular and fibrous proteins
This document summarizes and provides examples of two main types of proteins: fibrous proteins and globular proteins. Fibrous proteins have little tertiary structure and form long fibers or sheets through cross-linkages of parallel polypeptide chains. They are usually insoluble and structural, such as keratin and collagen. Globular proteins have complex 3D structures that are folded into spherical shapes. They are usually soluble and play roles in metabolic reactions as enzymes and hemoglobin. Hemoglobin and collagen are provided as examples, with hemoglobin being globular and oxygen-carrying, while collagen is fibrous and structural in skin, bones and other tissues.
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This document provides tips for adding more fiber, cutting down on sugar, salt, and fat in one's diet. Some recommendations include using wholemeal products, keeping skins on fruits and vegetables, eating oats, nuts and seeds, dried or fresh fruits, and choosing fresh produce to increase fiber intake. It suggests using artificial sweeteners, unsweetened fruit juice, and reducing overall sugar to lower sugar consumption. To reduce salt, it advises using herbs and spices instead of salt during cooking and choosing fresh produce over packaged foods. For cutting down on fat, it recommends removing fat from meat, choosing lean proteins and low-fat dairy, and avoiding frying foods.
Eggs
Eggs are a versatile, cheap source of protein that can be cooked quickly. They contain protein, fat, vitamins (A, B, D), and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, iron). Eggs should be stored in the refrigerator with the pointed end down and used before the expiration date. Eggs can be prepared in many ways such as boiled, poached, or scrambled, and are also used in baking, sauces, and coatings. Proper handling and cooking kills bacteria and preserves nutrients.
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Pastry making
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Heat treatments on milk
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Milk the complete food
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Nutrients junior cert
- 1. NUTRITION © PDST Home Economics
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Editor's Notes
- Symptoms of dry beriberi include: Difficulty walking Loss of feeling (sensation) in hands and feet Loss of muscle function or paralysis of the lower legs Mental confusion/speech difficulties Pain Strange eye movements (nystagmus) Tingling Vomiting Symptoms of wet beriberi include: Awakening at night short of breath Increased heart rate Shortness of breath with activity Swelling of the lower legs Pellagra: tongue and skin become sore, as the condition progresses the symptoms get worse, diarrhea, dermatitis, depression, dementia and death.
- As the name implies, connective tissue serves a "connecting" function. It supports and binds other tissues loose connective tissue. It holds organs in place Specialized Connective Tissues Adipose Adipose tissue is a form of loose connective tissue that stores fat. Cartilage Cartilage is a form of fibrous connective tissue that is composed of closely packed collagenous fibers in a rubbery gelatinous substance called chondrin. The skeletons of sharks and human embryos are composed of cartilage. Cartilage also provides flexible support for certain structures in adult humans including the nose, trachea and ears. Bone Bone is a type of mineralized connective tissue that contains collagen and calcium phosphate, a mineral crystal. Calcium phosphate gives bone its firmness.
- A goitre or goiter ( Latin gutteria , struma ), also called a bronchocele , is a swelling in the thyroid gland , [1] which can lead to a swelling of the neck or larynx ( voice box ). Goitre usually occurs when the thyroid gland is not functioning properly