Niosomes is under the Novel drug delivery system. In which the drug are enclosed in the bilayer vesicle which is made up of the phospholipid. Niosomes are the similar to the liposomes both are made up of the bilayer of phospholipid. But in niosomes several advantages of over the liposomes.

1. Presented by
Khan Ramiz V
M. Pharm (1st year)
Dept. of Pharmaceutics
SIPS
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2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Classification Niosomes
 Definition of Niosomes
 Types of Niosomes
 Method of preparation
 Advantages and disadvantages
 application
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3. INTRODUCTION
 NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (NDDS)
 It refers to approaches, formulation, technologies, and
system for transporting a pharmaceutical compound in the
body as needed to safely achieve its desired therapeutic
effect.
 Technologies modify drug release profile, absorption,
distribution and elimination for the benefit of
a) improving product efficacy and safety
b) patient convenience and compliance.
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4. Classification
 Niosomes
 Nanoparticals
 Liposomes
 Microspheres
 Monoclonal antibodies
 Micro emulsions
 Magnetic microcapsules
 Implantable pumps
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5. NIOSOMES
 Novel drug delivery system, in which the medication is
encapsulated in a vesicle which is composed of a bilayer of
non-surface active agents.
 It is very small, and microscopic in size.
 Although structurally similar to liposomes, they offer
several advantages over them.
 Similar to liposomes , in that they are also made up of a
bilayer.
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6. WHY ? WHY ? WHY ?
Used for a variety of drug : accommodate hydrophilic,
lipophilic as well as amphiphilic moieties.
Act as a depot to release the drug slowly and offer a
controlled release.
Osmotically active and stable
Increase the stability of the entrapped drug
Handling and storage of surfactants do not require any
special conditions
Enhance the skin penetration of drugs
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8. Fig. Niosomes
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9. TYPES OF NIOSOMES
 According to the nature of lamellarity
1. Multilamellar vesicles (MLV) 1-5 µm in size.
2. Large Unilamellar vesicles (LUV) 0.1-1µm in size.
3. Small Unilamellar vesicles (SUV) 25-500 nm in size.
 According to the size
1. Small Niosomes (100 nm-200 nm)
2. Large Niosomes (800 nm-900 nm)
3. Big Niosomes (2 µm-4 µm)
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11. METHODS OF PREPARATION
 Film Method
 Ether Injection method
 Sonication
 Reverse Phase Evaporation
 Heating Method
 Microfluidization
 Multiple Membrane Extrusion Method
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12. FILM METHOD
 Also known as hand shaking method
Take a mixture of surfactant and cholesterol
↓
Dissolved in an organic solvent in a round bottomed flask.
(eg. Diethyl ether, chloroform,etc)
↓
organic solvent is removed by low pressure/vaccume at
room temperature.(by using rotary evaporator)
↓
The resultant dry surfactant film is dehydrated by agitation
at 50-60⁰C
↓
multilamellar vesicle (MLV) are formed.
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13. ETHER INJECTION METHOD
 Introduce a solution of surfactant dissolved in diethyl
ether into warm water maintained at 60 C.
 Surfactant mixture in ether is injected through 14-guage
needle into an aqueous solution of material.
 Vaporization of ether leads to formation of single layerd
vesicle.
 Depending upon the conditions used, the diameter of
the vesicle range from 50 to 1000nm
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14. sonication
 Aliquot of drug solution in buffer is added to the
surfactant/cholesterol mixture in a 10-ml glass vial
 Mixture is probe sonicated at 60 C for 3 minute using a
sonicater with a titanium probe to yield niosomes
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15. MULTIPLE MEMBRANE EXTRUSION METHOD
 Mixture of surfactant, cholesterol and diacetyl
phosphate in chloroform is made into thin film by
evaporation
 The film is hydrated with aqueous drug solution and
the resultant suspension extruded through
polycarbonate membranes
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16. Reverse phase evaporation tachniques
 Cholesterol and surfactant (1:1) dissolved in a mixture of
ether and chloroform.
 An aqueous phase containing drug is added to this and
the resulting two phase are sonicated at 4-5 C.
 Organic phase is removed at 40 C under low pressure
 The resulting viscous niosomes suspension is diluted
with PBS and heated on a water at 60 C for 10 min to
yield niosomes.
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17. ADVANTAGES
 Since the structure of the niosomes offers place to
accommodate hydrophilic, lipophilic as well as amphiphilic
drug moieties, they can be used for a varietey of drug.
 The vesicles can act as a depot to release the drug slowely and
of controlled release.
 Biodegradable and biocompatible.
DISADVANTAGES
 Time consuming .
 Required specialized equipment .
 Inefficient drug loading.
 Aqueous suspension of niosomes may exihibit fusion,
aggregation, leaching of entrapped drug. 17

18. APPLICATION
 Noisomes as Drug Carriers
 Drug Targeting
a) delivery to the brain
b) Anti cancer drug
c) Anti infection
 Ophthalmic drug delivery
 Transdermal delivery of drugs by Niosomes
 Sustained Release
 Localized drug action
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19. References
 The theory & practical of industrial pharmacy by Leon
Lachman, Herbert A. Lieberman, Joseph L. kening, 3rd
edition, published by Varghese Publishing house,
page no 872
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20. THANK YOU
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