Dr. Maulik Patel's research focuses on developing new drug delivery systems to more selectively target drugs to the site of action. His goals are to increase bioavailability, provide controlled delivery, transport drugs intact to the target site while avoiding healthy tissue, and ensure stable delivery under physiological conditions. He examines various polymer-based formulations, micelles, liposomes, and nanotechnology approaches to better control drug release kinetics and targeting.

1. Dr.Maulik M Patel
Assistant Professor

2. Aims for new drug delivery systems
Selective
targeting of
drugs to the
site of acton
Try to make
“ideal” drugs
Controlled
delivery

3.  increase the bioavailability.
 provide controlled delivery of drug
 transport the drugs intact to the site of action
avoiding the non diseased tissue
 stable and delivery be maintained under various
physiological variables.
 easy to administer , safe and reliable
 cost effective

4.  Medical-optimum dose , at the
right time and at the right location
 Industrial-Efficient use of expensive
ingredients, reduction in
production cost
 Social-Beneficial to patients, better
therapy, improved compliance and
standard of living

5. Modified-release drug formulations-Sustained and
Controlled
Polymers
Micelles
Liposomes
Ethosomes
Nenotechnology
Prodrugs
Transdermal Drug delivery systems
Ocusert
Insulin jet and Micro pump controlled delivery system
Patient controlled analgesia(PCA)
Drug eluting stents
Gene therapy
Personalised medicine

7. A way of formulating a medicine so that it is
released into the body steadily, over a long
period of time,
 Increases duration of action of a drug
 Reducing dosing frequency
 Once-daily oral preparations
 Long lasting depot injections(e.g.
contraceptives, hormone replacements,
antipsychotic drugs)

8. Water
Hydratable
dry polymer
Drug Drug
Dry polymer containing
immobile drug
Hydratable gel
containing
Diffusible drug

9.  It closely mimics the way by which the body
naturally produces hormones such as
insulin.
 A way of formulating the medicine so it is
released into the body in respond to
specific stimuli e.g.
Exposure to light,
Changes in pH or temperature.

10.  Disintegrate when temperature is increased
 Local heating of a tumour will
cause the drug to be released at
that site

11.  Used to delay the release of acid
sensitive drugs( Peptides)
 Drug delivery targeted to regions of
low pH ,
Such as inflamed or hypoxic tissues

12. 12

13. Pharmaceutical
Polymers

14. Biodegradability and biocompatibility
Biodegradation is generally described by two
steps,
(1) water penetrates polymeric matrix, attacking
the chemical bonds by hydrolysis and metabolism
of the fragments
(2) surface erosion of the polymer
Biocompatibility refers to specific properties of a
material not having toxic or injurious effects on
biological systems.

17. Consist of aggregates of a few hundred
amphiphilic molecules
That contains distinct
Hydrophilic regions facing the surrounding
water
And
Hydrophobic regions forming an inner core.

18.  Typically have diameter of 10-80 nm, Small
enough not to sediment under gravity
 But large enough –Can’t cross tight capillary
endothelium (BBB)
 Malignant tumors and inflamed tissues have
large fenestrated capillaries, so transfer into
such tissues more rapid than normal tissues
 Absorption directly to the lymphatic system
rather than vascular system to bypass first
pass metabolism
 Protect the drug from metabolic degradation,
so half life is prolonged

19.  First discovered in 1965 and proposed as
drug carriers afterwards
 Microscopic vesicles formed when an
aqueous suspension of phospholipid is
exposed to ultrasonic agitation
 Large multilayered vesicles or
small single layered vesicles may be formed.

20. Cholesterol/
Phospholipid
bilayer
Polymer coat(PEG)
Targetting
Molecules
(Antibody)
Drug
substance
Liposome

21. Ethosomes are the slight modification of well
established drug carrier- liposome.
Ethosomes are lipid vesicles containing
phospholipids with high concentrations of
ethanol and water.
These are vesicles tailored for enhanced
delivery of active agents

22. Ethanol causes skin disruption
↓
More permeability through skin
↓
Ethosomes permeate inside
↓
Fuse with skin lipids
↓
Release drug into deep skin layers

23.  Nanotechnology is the technology useful for
synthesis of materials, devices and system by
controlling shape and size at nanometer
scale, (1-100 nm).
 Achievements:
-once daily oral Ciprofloxacin
-tumor targeted delivery
-improved ophthalmic delivery
-oral insulin
-oral administration of other peptides

28. Active ingredient is delivered across the skin for systemic distribution.
Example: transderm scopolamine, nitroglycerine , nicotine, Fentanyl

30.  Avoid the risk and inconveniences associated
with parenteral/ oral routes.
 Increase the bioavailability - bypassing
hepatic first pass metabolism
 Bypass the variation in absorption and
metabolism.
 continuous drug administration
 Reduce the chance of over or under dosing

31. 31
to increase the contact time between
the preparation and
the conjunctival tissue to ensure a
sustained release suited
to topical or systemic treatment.

32.  Delivers insulin subcutaneously without using needle
 Achieved by pressurizing the liquid through a small
orifice which creates high speed jet that can penetrate
the skin and underlying tissue.

33.  It is a computerized syringe which delivers insulin into
the subcutaneous tissue every few minutes in tiny
amount 24 hours a day through a canula placed in the
subcutaneous tissue.

34. Patient can control the release of
analgesic drug depending on the
pain –
this can be useful in cancer pain

38.  Under evaluation & III Phase clinical trials for
Adenovirus & HIV

39. means prescription of specific treatment and
therapeutics best suited for an individual. It is
also referred to as individualized or individual
based therapy based on the patient genotype,
circadian rhythm, biochemical and
hematological parameters.
Example: Isoniazid , Sch , G-6 PD, p-
glycoprotein ,Malignant hyperthermia by
halothane