This document discusses niosomes, which are vesicles composed of non-ionic surfactants that can be used for drug delivery. Niosomes offer advantages over liposomes like greater stability and lower cost. The document describes methods for preparing niosomes including ether injection, film hydration, and sonication. Factors that affect niosome formation like surfactant type and cholesterol content are also summarized. Finally, the document outlines applications of niosomes for drug delivery through various routes of administration and notes their use in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.
Niosomes are used in studies for drug delivery or gene transfer. However, their physical properties and features relative to liposomes are not well documented. To characterize and more rationally optimize niosome formulations, the properties of these vesicle systems are compared to those of liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine lipids plus cholesterol. Niosomes are highly stable and only slightly more leaky than liposomes as assayed by calcein leakage; the permeability for ions (KCl) is higher than that of liposomes. Contrary to liposomes, the size of niosomes decreases substantially upon freezing in liquid nitrogen and subsequent thawing, as shown by cryo-EM and dynamic light scattering. The packing of niosomal membranes was determined by laurdan fluorescence and is slightly lower than that of liposomes. We did not succeed in the functional reconstitution of the L-arginine/L-ornithine antiporter ArcD2 in niosomes, which we attribute to the non-ionic nature of the surfactants. The antimicrobial peptides alamethicin and melittin act similarly on niosomes and liposomes composed of unsaturated components, whereas both niosomes and liposomes are unaffected when saturated amphiphiles are used. In conclusion, in terms of stability and permeability for drug-size molecules niosomes are comparable to liposomes and they may offer an excellent, inexpensive alternative for delivery purposes.
Niosomes are novel drug delivery systems where medication is encapsulated in a non-ionic surfactant-based vesicle. They are similar to liposomes but are made of surfactant bilayers instead of phospholipid bilayers. Niosomes can be prepared in different sizes and methods to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They provide advantages over liposomes such as being more stable and having less variability. Niosomes show potential for targeted drug delivery and increasing drug bioavailability.
Niosomes: An excellent tool for drug deliverypharmaindexing
This document summarizes niosomes, which are non-ionic surfactant vesicles that can be used as drug delivery carriers. Niosomes have advantages over liposomes such as being more stable and less expensive to produce. The document discusses the composition of niosomes, methods for preparing niosomes, types of niosomes including multilamellar vesicles and unilamellar vesicles, and how niosomes can improve drug delivery by controlling drug release kinetics and targeting drug delivery.
Niosomes are a novel drug delivery system composed of a bilayer vesicle encapsulating medication. They are similar to liposomes in using a vesicle structure to carry hydrophilic, amphiphilic, and lipophilic drugs. Niosomes are very small, on the nanoscale. Their bilayer vesicle structure forms from certain non-ionic surfactants immersed in water. Niosomes can be unilamellar, containing one bilayer, or multilamellar, containing multiple bilayers. They diffuse drugs across the skin's stratum corneum and can enhance skin penetration and oral bioavailability of medications. Niosomes have advantages over liposomes such as being cheaper, more stable
Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles that can act as drug carriers. They have several advantages over other drug delivery systems, including their ability to sustain drug release, protect drugs from degradation, and encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs with low toxicity. Niosomes have been used to deliver anti-tumor drugs by increasing drug accumulation in tumors and the liver while avoiding uptake by the reticuloendothelial system. They have also shown promise as vaccine adjuvants by potently stimulating cellular and immune responses through their controlled release properties.
The document discusses solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), which are submicron colloidal carriers composed of a single lipid core matrix that is solid at body temperature. SLNs can incorporate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs in their solid lipid core. They offer advantages like controlled drug release, stability, biocompatibility and protection of incorporated drugs. However, SLNs also have disadvantages like poor drug loading capacity and potential drug expulsion during storage. The document provides details on the structure, production methods and applications of SLNs.
Niosomes are nano-sized vesicles composed of non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol. They can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and act as a drug delivery system by controlling drug release over time. Niosomes are prepared using methods like thin film hydration, reverse phase evaporation, and sonication. They consist of non-ionic surfactants like Span 60, cholesterol which improves stability, and sometimes charged molecules. Niosomes can be multilamellar, unilamellar, or proniosomes which require hydration. They offer benefits over liposomes like improved stability and patient compliance.
This document provides an overview of ethosomes as a novel drug delivery system. Some key points:
1. Ethosomes are lipid vesicles composed of phospholipids, ethanol, and water that can efficiently deliver drugs through the skin.
2. Compared to other vesicular systems, ethosomes have advantages like enhanced skin permeation, ability to deliver a wide range of drugs, and a generally safe composition.
3. The high ethanol content is the main factor enabling better skin permeation, as it increases lipid fluidity and decreases the density of skin cell membranes.
4. Ethosomes have been used to deliver various drug types including hormones, anti-parkinsonism drugs, antibiotics, and more, offering potential
Niosomes are used in studies for drug delivery or gene transfer. However, their physical properties and features relative to liposomes are not well documented. To characterize and more rationally optimize niosome formulations, the properties of these vesicle systems are compared to those of liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine lipids plus cholesterol. Niosomes are highly stable and only slightly more leaky than liposomes as assayed by calcein leakage; the permeability for ions (KCl) is higher than that of liposomes. Contrary to liposomes, the size of niosomes decreases substantially upon freezing in liquid nitrogen and subsequent thawing, as shown by cryo-EM and dynamic light scattering. The packing of niosomal membranes was determined by laurdan fluorescence and is slightly lower than that of liposomes. We did not succeed in the functional reconstitution of the L-arginine/L-ornithine antiporter ArcD2 in niosomes, which we attribute to the non-ionic nature of the surfactants. The antimicrobial peptides alamethicin and melittin act similarly on niosomes and liposomes composed of unsaturated components, whereas both niosomes and liposomes are unaffected when saturated amphiphiles are used. In conclusion, in terms of stability and permeability for drug-size molecules niosomes are comparable to liposomes and they may offer an excellent, inexpensive alternative for delivery purposes.
Niosomes are novel drug delivery systems where medication is encapsulated in a non-ionic surfactant-based vesicle. They are similar to liposomes but are made of surfactant bilayers instead of phospholipid bilayers. Niosomes can be prepared in different sizes and methods to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They provide advantages over liposomes such as being more stable and having less variability. Niosomes show potential for targeted drug delivery and increasing drug bioavailability.
Niosomes: An excellent tool for drug deliverypharmaindexing
This document summarizes niosomes, which are non-ionic surfactant vesicles that can be used as drug delivery carriers. Niosomes have advantages over liposomes such as being more stable and less expensive to produce. The document discusses the composition of niosomes, methods for preparing niosomes, types of niosomes including multilamellar vesicles and unilamellar vesicles, and how niosomes can improve drug delivery by controlling drug release kinetics and targeting drug delivery.
Niosomes are a novel drug delivery system composed of a bilayer vesicle encapsulating medication. They are similar to liposomes in using a vesicle structure to carry hydrophilic, amphiphilic, and lipophilic drugs. Niosomes are very small, on the nanoscale. Their bilayer vesicle structure forms from certain non-ionic surfactants immersed in water. Niosomes can be unilamellar, containing one bilayer, or multilamellar, containing multiple bilayers. They diffuse drugs across the skin's stratum corneum and can enhance skin penetration and oral bioavailability of medications. Niosomes have advantages over liposomes such as being cheaper, more stable
Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles that can act as drug carriers. They have several advantages over other drug delivery systems, including their ability to sustain drug release, protect drugs from degradation, and encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs with low toxicity. Niosomes have been used to deliver anti-tumor drugs by increasing drug accumulation in tumors and the liver while avoiding uptake by the reticuloendothelial system. They have also shown promise as vaccine adjuvants by potently stimulating cellular and immune responses through their controlled release properties.
The document discusses solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), which are submicron colloidal carriers composed of a single lipid core matrix that is solid at body temperature. SLNs can incorporate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs in their solid lipid core. They offer advantages like controlled drug release, stability, biocompatibility and protection of incorporated drugs. However, SLNs also have disadvantages like poor drug loading capacity and potential drug expulsion during storage. The document provides details on the structure, production methods and applications of SLNs.
Niosomes are nano-sized vesicles composed of non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol. They can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and act as a drug delivery system by controlling drug release over time. Niosomes are prepared using methods like thin film hydration, reverse phase evaporation, and sonication. They consist of non-ionic surfactants like Span 60, cholesterol which improves stability, and sometimes charged molecules. Niosomes can be multilamellar, unilamellar, or proniosomes which require hydration. They offer benefits over liposomes like improved stability and patient compliance.
This document provides an overview of ethosomes as a novel drug delivery system. Some key points:
1. Ethosomes are lipid vesicles composed of phospholipids, ethanol, and water that can efficiently deliver drugs through the skin.
2. Compared to other vesicular systems, ethosomes have advantages like enhanced skin permeation, ability to deliver a wide range of drugs, and a generally safe composition.
3. The high ethanol content is the main factor enabling better skin permeation, as it increases lipid fluidity and decreases the density of skin cell membranes.
4. Ethosomes have been used to deliver various drug types including hormones, anti-parkinsonism drugs, antibiotics, and more, offering potential
This document provides an overview of liposomes and niosomes. It discusses the structure and components of liposomes, how they were first produced, and common phospholipids and cholesterol used. Various preparation methods for liposomes are described, including mechanical dispersion, extrusion, ethanol injection, and reverse phase evaporation. Characterization techniques and applications of liposomes in drug delivery, gene delivery, and cancer treatment are also summarized. The document concludes by comparing liposomes and niosomes, describing advanced preparation methods for niosomes, and their applications in areas like transdermal delivery and cancer.
This document summarizes a seminar on liposomes presented by Venkatesh Goli. It defines liposomes as spherical vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers that were first described by Dr. Bangham in 1960. The summary explains that liposomes are composed of phospholipids and cholesterol and can be unilamellar or multilamellar depending on the number of bilayers. Various preparation methods are outlined including mechanical dispersion, solvent dispersion, and detergent removal. The advantages of liposomes include increased drug efficacy, stability, and reduced toxicity while disadvantages include low water solubility and high production costs. Finally, applications of liposomes are described for drug delivery, cosmetics, and cancer therapy.
This document provides an overview of niosomes, which are non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles used for drug delivery. It defines niosomes and discusses their general characteristics, structure, advantages/disadvantages compared to liposomes, factors affecting formation, types, materials used in preparation, characterization, applications, and recent advances. The key points are that niosomes encapsulate drugs in a bilayer structure for targeted delivery, have advantages over liposomes like stability and lower cost, and can be tailored for different drugs and preparation methods to optimize drug loading and release.
Niosomes :it is A Novel Drug Delivery System (NDDS) advantages and dissadvatages ,structures of niosomes,methods of preparation along with applications of niosomes
This document provides an overview of nanoparticles, including:
- A definition of nanoparticles as sub-nanosized colloidal drug delivery systems ranging from 1-100nm in diameter.
- The history of nanoparticles dating back to Richard Feynman in the 1960s.
- The need for and advantages of nanoparticles for site-specific drug targeting and reduced toxicity compared to traditional drugs.
- Common polymers and preparation methods used to produce nanoparticles, including emulsion solvent evaporation, salting out, and high pressure homogenization.
- Applications of nanoparticles in cancer chemotherapy and other areas.
This document discusses targeted drug delivery using nanoparticles. It begins by defining targeted drug delivery and nanoparticles. Nanoparticles range in size from 10-1000 nm and can dissolve, entrap, encapsulate, or attach drugs. Common polymers used are gelatin, albumin, PLGA, and PLA. Preparation techniques include solvent evaporation, nanoprecipitation, and ionic gelation. Applications include enhancing drug delivery to the brain by overcoming the blood brain barrier and reducing antibiotic resistance by combining drugs with nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have also shown promise for targeted cancer treatment.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) are a type of nanoparticle made of solid lipids that can encapsulate drugs and provide protection, bioavailability, and controlled release. They offer advantages over other delivery methods like emulsions and liposomes, including lower toxicity and ease of large-scale production. While SLNs can effectively deliver drugs, they also have some limitations like limited drug loading and potential drug expulsion over time. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were developed to address these limitations. Overall, SLNs and NLCs show promise for topical, oral, and parenteral delivery in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and other applications.
Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles that can be used as a drug delivery system. They can entrap both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs and provide controlled release of drugs. Niosomes are prepared using cholesterol and non-ionic surfactants through methods like ether injection, hand shaking, film hydration and sonication. They offer advantages over liposomes such as stability and lower cost. Niosomes find applications in targeted drug delivery, ocular drug delivery, and cosmetics.
This document provides an overview of liposomes. It begins with an introduction defining liposomes as spherical vesicles composed of phospholipids that can encapsulate aqueous content. It then covers the structure of liposomes, different types based on size, common materials used in preparation such as phospholipids and cholesterol, general preparation procedures, advantages like drug protection and targeting abilities, applications like drug delivery, and the current status of liposome development. In summary, liposomes are phospholipid vesicles that can encapsulate drugs for targeted delivery and protection, have various applications in fields like cancer therapy, and continue to be an area of active research development.
Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant based vesicles that can be used for drug delivery. They have several advantages including increased drug stability, biocompatibility and ability to target delivery. Niosomes are prepared using non-ionic surfactants which form bilayer vesicles encapsulating the drug. Preparation methods include thin film hydration, sonication, microfluidization. Niosomes can be characterized for size, entrapment efficiency and release kinetics. They have applications in delivery of anti-cancer drugs, peptides, vaccines and transdermal delivery due to their ability to enhance skin permeation.
This document discusses targeted drug delivery using nanoparticles and liposomes. It provides an introduction to nanoparticles and describes different types including nanospheres and nanoencapsules. It then discusses various natural and synthetic polymers used to prepare nanoparticles, as well as preparation techniques such as solvent evaporation and high-pressure homogenization. The document also briefly introduces solid lipid nanoparticles and describes their advantages. Purification techniques for nanoparticles like dialysis and freeze drying are also mentioned.
Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles that can be used to deliver drugs. They are divided into small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles, and multi-lamellar vesicles based on their size and number of bilayers. Niosomes can be used for controlled drug release, to improve drug stability and bioavailability, and for targeted drug delivery to tissues like the liver, spleen, and tumors. They have applications in drug delivery via various routes of administration like oral, topical, and intravenous delivery.
Niosomes are novel drug delivery systems that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs in a vesicle. They are made of non-ionic surfactants, which provide advantages over liposomes such as being more stable and less expensive. Niosomes can be classified as multi-lamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles, or small unilamellar vesicles based on their structure. They offer benefits such as improved drug absorption, targeted drug delivery, and reduced side effects. Niosomes are characterized based on their size, entrapment efficiency, and bilayer properties. Various preparation methods and factors affecting their properties are also discussed.
The document discusses the stability aspects of liposomes. It notes that liposome stability can be classified as physical, chemical, or biological. Physical stability is determined by factors like particle size, lipid composition, and aggregation/fusion of liposomes. Chemical stability depends on the oxidation and hydrolysis of lipids over time. Biological stability relates to how liposomes interact with plasma components. Several methods to improve liposome stability are discussed, such as controlling size and lamellarity, lipid selection, drug loading techniques, lyophilization, and antioxidant addition. Other vesicle types like niosomes and transfersomes are also summarized briefly in terms of their composition, uses, and stability issues.
Niosomes are vesicles composed mainly of hydrated non-ionic surfactant with or without cholesterol used for targetted drug delivery. Niosomes are better than liposomes as they are cost effective, stable, and can be stored for a long period of time.
This document discusses niosomes, which are non-ionic surfactant vesicles similar in structure to liposomes that can be used for drug delivery. Niosomes are formed by the self-assembly of non-ionic surfactants in aqueous solution, resulting in closed bilayer structures that can encapsulate medications. They offer advantages over traditional drugs such as controlled release and increased drug stability. The document describes various methods for preparing and characterizing niosomes as well as their applications, components, and stability.
Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate aqueous content. There are three main types - MLV, SUV, and LUV. Liposomes are useful for drug delivery as they can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and release them in a targeted manner. Key properties like size, size distribution, drug encapsulation efficiency, and drug release kinetics must be characterized to ensure quality of liposomal formulations for drug delivery applications. Various microscopic and analytical techniques are used to characterize these properties of liposomes.
This document provides an overview of a seminar on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). It discusses the introduction, advantages, aims, principles of drug release, preparation methods, sterilization, characterization, applications, and routes of administration of SLNs. SLNs are submicron colloidal carriers composed of physiological lipids dispersed in water or aqueous surfactant solutions. They consist of active compounds dissolved, entrapped, adsorbed or attached to macromolecular materials. Preparation methods include high pressure homogenization, ultrasonication, supercritical fluid technology, and more. SLNs show advantages like controlled drug release, biocompatibility, stability, and bioavailability. Characterization techniques measure particle size, crystallinity,
This document presents information on aquasomes, a novel carrier for drug delivery. Aquasomes are spherical, nanoparticulate carrier systems composed of a solid nanocrystalline core coated with an oligomeric film. They are capable of stabilizing and delivering delicate biomolecules like proteins, peptides, hormones, and genes. The core provides structural stability while the carbohydrate coating protects molecules from degradation. Characterization techniques like TEM, SEM, and DSC are used to analyze aquasome size, structure, and glass transition temperature. Applications include insulin, enzyme, oxygen, antigen and drug delivery where aquasomes show improved stability and biological activity over unformulated drugs.
Moving forward with sign language projects in Formal SignWritingStephen Slevinski
Imagine a world in which every sign language user can freely share in the sum of all knowledge.
Sign languages are human languages. Any topic that can be discussed in a spoken language can be discussed in a signed language. It's important to realize the benefits of a person being able to access information in their primary language. It's exciting to realize that sign language wikipedia projects are now possible with Sutton SignWriting.
This document provides an overview of liposomes and niosomes. It discusses the structure and components of liposomes, how they were first produced, and common phospholipids and cholesterol used. Various preparation methods for liposomes are described, including mechanical dispersion, extrusion, ethanol injection, and reverse phase evaporation. Characterization techniques and applications of liposomes in drug delivery, gene delivery, and cancer treatment are also summarized. The document concludes by comparing liposomes and niosomes, describing advanced preparation methods for niosomes, and their applications in areas like transdermal delivery and cancer.
This document summarizes a seminar on liposomes presented by Venkatesh Goli. It defines liposomes as spherical vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers that were first described by Dr. Bangham in 1960. The summary explains that liposomes are composed of phospholipids and cholesterol and can be unilamellar or multilamellar depending on the number of bilayers. Various preparation methods are outlined including mechanical dispersion, solvent dispersion, and detergent removal. The advantages of liposomes include increased drug efficacy, stability, and reduced toxicity while disadvantages include low water solubility and high production costs. Finally, applications of liposomes are described for drug delivery, cosmetics, and cancer therapy.
This document provides an overview of niosomes, which are non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles used for drug delivery. It defines niosomes and discusses their general characteristics, structure, advantages/disadvantages compared to liposomes, factors affecting formation, types, materials used in preparation, characterization, applications, and recent advances. The key points are that niosomes encapsulate drugs in a bilayer structure for targeted delivery, have advantages over liposomes like stability and lower cost, and can be tailored for different drugs and preparation methods to optimize drug loading and release.
Niosomes :it is A Novel Drug Delivery System (NDDS) advantages and dissadvatages ,structures of niosomes,methods of preparation along with applications of niosomes
This document provides an overview of nanoparticles, including:
- A definition of nanoparticles as sub-nanosized colloidal drug delivery systems ranging from 1-100nm in diameter.
- The history of nanoparticles dating back to Richard Feynman in the 1960s.
- The need for and advantages of nanoparticles for site-specific drug targeting and reduced toxicity compared to traditional drugs.
- Common polymers and preparation methods used to produce nanoparticles, including emulsion solvent evaporation, salting out, and high pressure homogenization.
- Applications of nanoparticles in cancer chemotherapy and other areas.
This document discusses targeted drug delivery using nanoparticles. It begins by defining targeted drug delivery and nanoparticles. Nanoparticles range in size from 10-1000 nm and can dissolve, entrap, encapsulate, or attach drugs. Common polymers used are gelatin, albumin, PLGA, and PLA. Preparation techniques include solvent evaporation, nanoprecipitation, and ionic gelation. Applications include enhancing drug delivery to the brain by overcoming the blood brain barrier and reducing antibiotic resistance by combining drugs with nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have also shown promise for targeted cancer treatment.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) are a type of nanoparticle made of solid lipids that can encapsulate drugs and provide protection, bioavailability, and controlled release. They offer advantages over other delivery methods like emulsions and liposomes, including lower toxicity and ease of large-scale production. While SLNs can effectively deliver drugs, they also have some limitations like limited drug loading and potential drug expulsion over time. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were developed to address these limitations. Overall, SLNs and NLCs show promise for topical, oral, and parenteral delivery in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and other applications.
Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles that can be used as a drug delivery system. They can entrap both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs and provide controlled release of drugs. Niosomes are prepared using cholesterol and non-ionic surfactants through methods like ether injection, hand shaking, film hydration and sonication. They offer advantages over liposomes such as stability and lower cost. Niosomes find applications in targeted drug delivery, ocular drug delivery, and cosmetics.
This document provides an overview of liposomes. It begins with an introduction defining liposomes as spherical vesicles composed of phospholipids that can encapsulate aqueous content. It then covers the structure of liposomes, different types based on size, common materials used in preparation such as phospholipids and cholesterol, general preparation procedures, advantages like drug protection and targeting abilities, applications like drug delivery, and the current status of liposome development. In summary, liposomes are phospholipid vesicles that can encapsulate drugs for targeted delivery and protection, have various applications in fields like cancer therapy, and continue to be an area of active research development.
Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant based vesicles that can be used for drug delivery. They have several advantages including increased drug stability, biocompatibility and ability to target delivery. Niosomes are prepared using non-ionic surfactants which form bilayer vesicles encapsulating the drug. Preparation methods include thin film hydration, sonication, microfluidization. Niosomes can be characterized for size, entrapment efficiency and release kinetics. They have applications in delivery of anti-cancer drugs, peptides, vaccines and transdermal delivery due to their ability to enhance skin permeation.
This document discusses targeted drug delivery using nanoparticles and liposomes. It provides an introduction to nanoparticles and describes different types including nanospheres and nanoencapsules. It then discusses various natural and synthetic polymers used to prepare nanoparticles, as well as preparation techniques such as solvent evaporation and high-pressure homogenization. The document also briefly introduces solid lipid nanoparticles and describes their advantages. Purification techniques for nanoparticles like dialysis and freeze drying are also mentioned.
Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles that can be used to deliver drugs. They are divided into small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles, and multi-lamellar vesicles based on their size and number of bilayers. Niosomes can be used for controlled drug release, to improve drug stability and bioavailability, and for targeted drug delivery to tissues like the liver, spleen, and tumors. They have applications in drug delivery via various routes of administration like oral, topical, and intravenous delivery.
Niosomes are novel drug delivery systems that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs in a vesicle. They are made of non-ionic surfactants, which provide advantages over liposomes such as being more stable and less expensive. Niosomes can be classified as multi-lamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles, or small unilamellar vesicles based on their structure. They offer benefits such as improved drug absorption, targeted drug delivery, and reduced side effects. Niosomes are characterized based on their size, entrapment efficiency, and bilayer properties. Various preparation methods and factors affecting their properties are also discussed.
The document discusses the stability aspects of liposomes. It notes that liposome stability can be classified as physical, chemical, or biological. Physical stability is determined by factors like particle size, lipid composition, and aggregation/fusion of liposomes. Chemical stability depends on the oxidation and hydrolysis of lipids over time. Biological stability relates to how liposomes interact with plasma components. Several methods to improve liposome stability are discussed, such as controlling size and lamellarity, lipid selection, drug loading techniques, lyophilization, and antioxidant addition. Other vesicle types like niosomes and transfersomes are also summarized briefly in terms of their composition, uses, and stability issues.
Niosomes are vesicles composed mainly of hydrated non-ionic surfactant with or without cholesterol used for targetted drug delivery. Niosomes are better than liposomes as they are cost effective, stable, and can be stored for a long period of time.
This document discusses niosomes, which are non-ionic surfactant vesicles similar in structure to liposomes that can be used for drug delivery. Niosomes are formed by the self-assembly of non-ionic surfactants in aqueous solution, resulting in closed bilayer structures that can encapsulate medications. They offer advantages over traditional drugs such as controlled release and increased drug stability. The document describes various methods for preparing and characterizing niosomes as well as their applications, components, and stability.
Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate aqueous content. There are three main types - MLV, SUV, and LUV. Liposomes are useful for drug delivery as they can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and release them in a targeted manner. Key properties like size, size distribution, drug encapsulation efficiency, and drug release kinetics must be characterized to ensure quality of liposomal formulations for drug delivery applications. Various microscopic and analytical techniques are used to characterize these properties of liposomes.
This document provides an overview of a seminar on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). It discusses the introduction, advantages, aims, principles of drug release, preparation methods, sterilization, characterization, applications, and routes of administration of SLNs. SLNs are submicron colloidal carriers composed of physiological lipids dispersed in water or aqueous surfactant solutions. They consist of active compounds dissolved, entrapped, adsorbed or attached to macromolecular materials. Preparation methods include high pressure homogenization, ultrasonication, supercritical fluid technology, and more. SLNs show advantages like controlled drug release, biocompatibility, stability, and bioavailability. Characterization techniques measure particle size, crystallinity,
This document presents information on aquasomes, a novel carrier for drug delivery. Aquasomes are spherical, nanoparticulate carrier systems composed of a solid nanocrystalline core coated with an oligomeric film. They are capable of stabilizing and delivering delicate biomolecules like proteins, peptides, hormones, and genes. The core provides structural stability while the carbohydrate coating protects molecules from degradation. Characterization techniques like TEM, SEM, and DSC are used to analyze aquasome size, structure, and glass transition temperature. Applications include insulin, enzyme, oxygen, antigen and drug delivery where aquasomes show improved stability and biological activity over unformulated drugs.
Moving forward with sign language projects in Formal SignWritingStephen Slevinski
Imagine a world in which every sign language user can freely share in the sum of all knowledge.
Sign languages are human languages. Any topic that can be discussed in a spoken language can be discussed in a signed language. It's important to realize the benefits of a person being able to access information in their primary language. It's exciting to realize that sign language wikipedia projects are now possible with Sutton SignWriting.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Rocks form in different ways and are classified based on their composition and how they are formed. The rock cycle shows how rocks continuously change over time through geological processes like weathering, erosion, deposition, and metamorphism. Scientists use various methods to determine the relative and absolute ages of rocks, including analyzing rock layers and fossils. Index fossils in particular allow scientists to relatively date rock layers based on the period of time specific fossils existed.
1st Web Cross Channel Seminar - Fremtidens Forbruger (Asger)1st Web
The document discusses the changing consumer behaviors and the need for retailers to adopt an omni-channel approach. It notes that future generations of consumers are highly connected and move seamlessly between channels. To succeed, retailers need to provide consistent inventory, purchase options like buy online pickup in store, and customer service across all channels including mobile. Small pilot programs can help retailers test omni-channel strategies as consumers now expect to shop how they want, when they want, across any device.
The document provides guidance on planning and implementing advocacy and social mobilization projects for education in Pakistan. It discusses key concepts like advocacy, lobbying, and community mobilization. It outlines steps for developing goals and objectives, implementation methodology, and monitoring and evaluation. Guidelines are provided for issue identification, analyzing stakeholders, framing messages, and selecting advocacy tools. The overall aim is to equip readers with knowledge and strategies for effective advocacy and social mobilization initiatives to promote education rights and access in Pakistan.
The mobile industry has experienced tremendous growth over time. Early mobile phones had limited usage and functionality and were expensive, resulting in less revenue. Now, smartphones and tablets are overtaking PCs in usage, with continuous innovation and evolution in mobile technology. Most of the global population are mobile subscribers, and there are more mobile devices than people on Earth. Emerging technologies like wearables, mobile health, home automation, and augmented reality are pushing the industry forward.
Background information about the International community of SignWriting users: their standards and projects.
Background information about the efforts to encode SignWriting in Unicode and the issues that need to be addressed.
The document promotes an investment opportunity in iCre8It Marketing, Inc., which markets the margarita mix "SEÑORITA LIMÓNITA®". It summarizes the founder and spokesperson Debra Phipps' background and vision for creating a multi-million dollar lifestyle brand centered around the margarita mix. It outlines plans for expanding product offerings, distribution nationally and globally, and projected financials indicating the potential for profit and high returns on investment.
Este documento presenta la autoevaluación de un individuo. Se describe a sí mismo como alguien con gran potencial y habilidades para aprender rápido. Es bueno en trabajos mecánicos pero no en deportes de resistencia o pintura. Su prioridad es su hogar y la educación para mejorar en el futuro. Una fortaleza es su facilidad para aprender e ideas, aunque no tolera que ignoren su criterio. Viene de una familia humilde pero con apoyo para convertirse en ingeniero electromecánico automotriz.
This document discusses gas metal arc welding and flux-cored arc welding processes. It explains that pure argon produces a finger profile for the arc while mixtures modified with oxygen or carbon dioxide produce different arc profiles. Argon-helium mixtures are used for welding aluminum and non-ferrous metals.
Evidence based Advocacy-Do's and Donts from Ilm Ideas on Slide Shareilmideas
The document discusses evidence-based advocacy for education reforms. It defines what constitutes evidence, such as data produced by the government or independent organizations. Evidence can inform policy actions like showing a reduction in block grants over time based on financial data. High quality, relevant evidence presented strategically to different stakeholders like politicians, bureaucrats and the public can help advocate for issues and create impact. The document emphasizes using government data and engaging non-confrontationally to productively support reforms through advocacy.
The document discusses niosomes, which are vesicles composed of non-ionic surfactants that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Niosomes offer advantages over liposomes like greater stability and easier production and storage. The document describes various methods for preparing niosomes, factors that affect their formation, characterization techniques, and applications like transdermal drug delivery and targeted drug delivery.
Niosomes are novel drug delivery systems composed of non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol. They can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Niosomes are prepared using methods like ether injection, film hydration, sonication, and microfluidization. Key factors that affect niosome formation include the surfactant used, addition of cholesterol, and hydration temperature. Niosomes offer advantages over liposomes like improved stability and the ability to entrap both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Niosomes find applications in targeted drug delivery through routes like transdermal, parenteral, oral and for ophthalmic and radiopharmaceutical uses.
This document provides an overview of niosomes, which are non-ionic surfactant vesicles that can be used as drug carriers. It discusses the structure of niosomes, how they are formulated using various methods, and how the formulations are characterized. It also outlines the advantages of niosomes over liposomes as a drug delivery system. Some therapeutic applications of niosomes are described, such as for cancer treatment, mitochondrial disorders, and leishmaniasis therapy. Finally, examples of specific drugs that have been formulated into niosomes are listed.
Niosomes are novel drug delivery vesicles made of non-ionic surfactants that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They have a similar bilayer structure to liposomes but are more stable and less expensive. Niosomes can improve the therapeutic performance of drugs by protecting drugs from degradation and restricting effects to target cells. Various preparation methods are used to produce niosomes of different sizes and lamellarity that can be used to deliver drugs through different routes of administration like oral, parenteral, topical to treat diseases like cancer, infections and more.
Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles that can encapsulate drugs for delivery. They are similar to liposomes but offer advantages like being more stable and less expensive to produce. Niosomes are microscopic lamellar structures formed when non-ionic surfactants are hydrated in aqueous solution, potentially forming unilamellar or multilamellar vesicles. They can effectively deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and increase bioavailability.
This presentation discusses niosomes, which are non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles that can be used as a drug delivery system. Niosomes are microscopic and nanoscale in size, composed of unilamellar or multilamellar bilayers of non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol. They can be prepared using methods like ether injection, sonication, and reverse phase evaporation. Niosomes offer advantages like increased drug stability, enhanced skin penetration, and ability to deliver drugs orally, parenterally or topically. They are characterized based on entrapment efficiency, vesicle diameter and in vitro studies. Potential applications of niosomes include delivery of drugs for conditions like neoplasia,
Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. They are similar to liposomes but are more stable and less expensive. Niosomes are microscopic lamellar structures composed of non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol. They can be unilamellar or multilamellar depending on the preparation method. Niosomes increase the bioavailability and delivery of drugs while reducing side effects and can be used for targeted drug delivery applications like cancer treatment.
Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of lipid bilayers that can encapsulate aqueous content. They structurally consist of concentric bilayers surrounding an inner aqueous volume. This allows both hydrophilic drugs in the inner volume and hydrophobic drugs in the bilayer. Liposomes offer advantages like increased drug efficacy, reduced toxicity, and passive tumor targeting. However, developing stable liposomal formulations at an industrial scale can be difficult due to physical and chemical instability issues. Niosomes are similar non-ionic surfactant based vesicles that offer many of the same advantages as liposomes while being more stable and less toxic.
This document provides information about niosomes, which are non-ionic surfactant based vesicles that can encapsulate hydrophilic or lipophilic drugs. It discusses the structure of niosomes including the non-ionic surfactants, cholesterol, and charged molecules used. Various methods for preparing niosomes are described along with evaluating parameters and techniques. The advantages of niosomes for targeted drug delivery are highlighted, while some disadvantages like limited shelf life are also noted.
This document provides an overview of 4 types of drug delivery systems: niosomes, aquasomes, phytosomes, and electrosomes. Niosomes are vesicles composed of nonionic surfactants that can be used to deliver drugs transdermally and target delivery to organs. Aquasomes are nanoparticulate systems with a solid inorganic core coated with carbohydrates that can deliver peptides, enzymes, and hemoglobin. Phytosomes are herb-phospholipid complexes that can enhance the bioavailability of plant extracts. Electrosomes are transmembrane proteins that generate and propagate electrical signals in cells and can be used to target delivery to tissues like the brain, muscles and nervous system.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on niosomes. Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant based vesicles that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs for drug delivery purposes. They have advantages over liposomes such as being less expensive to produce and more stable. The document discusses the structure of niosomes, factors that affect their preparation, common preparation methods, characterization techniques, applications for drug delivery, and their toxicity profile.
1. Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles that are structurally similar to liposomes but more stable due to their composition.
2. They are formed from non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol that orient themselves into bilayer structures with the hydrophilic ends pointing outwards and the hydrophobic ends facing each other.
3. Niosomes can entrap both hydrophilic drugs within the aqueous compartment and lipophilic drugs within the bilayer membranes, providing a means of controlled drug delivery.
This document discusses niosomes, which are non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles similar in structure to liposomes. Niosomes can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and act as a depot for controlled drug release. The document describes the classification, definition, types, and preparation methods of niosomes including film hydration, ether injection, sonication, and reverse phase evaporation. The advantages are their ability to accommodate various drug types and provide controlled release while the disadvantages include being time-consuming and requiring specialized equipment. Applications of niosomes include drug delivery to tissues like the brain, use in cancer and anti-infective drugs, ophthalmic and transdermal delivery, and for sustained
This document discusses liposomes, which are spherical vesicles made of phospholipids that can encapsulate drugs. It covers the structure of liposomes, how they are formed from phospholipid bilayers, and their advantages like increased drug efficacy and stability. The document also categorizes liposomes based on size, composition, and preparation method. Common preparation techniques include shaking, extrusion, and solvent dispersion. Liposomes are evaluated based on their size, drug encapsulation efficiency, and stability. The document concludes that liposomes have many applications in cancer therapy, oral drug delivery, topical applications, and enhancing antimicrobial efficacy due to their biocompatibility and ability to protect drugs.
Colloidal drug delivery system (Nano formulation)pratik9527088941
This document discusses various colloidal drug delivery systems including liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes. It provides details on the composition, advantages, methods of preparation, and drug incorporation for each system. The key points are that nanocarriers can improve drug solubility and stability, target drug delivery, and reduce toxicity. The document outlines various fabrication techniques for each nanocarrier type such as homogenization, solvent evaporation, and polymerization.
Niosomes is under the Novel drug delivery system. In which the drug are enclosed in the bilayer vesicle which is made up of the phospholipid. Niosomes are the similar to the liposomes both are made up of the bilayer of phospholipid. But in niosomes several advantages of over the liposomes.
This document discusses niosomes, which are non-ionic surfactant vesicles that can be used as drug carriers. Niosomes are formed using cholesterol and nonionic surfactants through techniques like thin film hydration, sonication, microfluidization. They can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Compared to liposomes, niosomes are more stable and less expensive to produce. Niosomes show potential for targeted drug delivery and sustained release, making them a promising drug delivery system.
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3. NIOSOMES
Niosomes are a novel drug delivery system, in which the
medication is encapsulated in a vesicle composed of a bilayer of
non-ionic surface active agents .
These are very small, and microscopic in size that lies in the
nanometric scale. Although structurally similar to liposomes,
they offer several advantages over them.
Niosomes have recently been shown to greatly increase
transdermal drug delivery and also in targeted drug delivery.
4. Used for a variety of drugs : accommodate hydrophilic,
lipophilic as well as amphiphilic moieties.
Act as a depot to release the drug slowly and offer a controlled
release .
Osmotically active and stable.
Increase the stability of the entrapped drug.
Handling and storage of surfactants do not require any special
conditions
Enhance the skin penetration of drugs
5. Niosomes are microscopic lamellar structures, which are
formed on the admixture of non-ionic surfactant of the alkyl or
dialkyl polyglycerol ether class and cholesterol with subsequent
hydration in aqueous media.
Niosomes may be unilamellar or multilamellar depending on
the method used to prepare them.
The hydrophilic ends areexposed on the outside and inside of
the vesicle, while the hydrophobic chains face each other `
within the bilayer.
Hence, the vesicle holds hydrophilic drugs within the space
enclosed in the vesicle, while hydrophobic drugs are
embedded within the bilayer itself.
9. In both basic unit of assembly is Amphiphiles, but they
phospholipids in liposomes and nonionic surfactants in
niosomes.
Both can entrap hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.
Both have same physical properties but differ in their chemical
composition.
Niosomes has higher chemical stability than liposomes.
Niosomes made of uncharged single chain
surfactant molecules
Liposomes made of neutral or charged double
chain phospholipids.
10. Function
Increase the bioavailability
Decrease the clearence
Used for targeted drug delivery
Properties depends on both composition of bilayer and
method of preparation
11. o Ester bonds of phospholipids are easily hydrolyzed, this can
lead to phosphoryl migration at low PH.
o Peroxidation of unsaturated phospholipids.
o As liposomes have purified phospholipids they are to be
stored and handled at inert(N2) atmospheres where as
Niosomes are are made of non ionic surfactants and are easy
to handle and store.
o Phospholipid raw materials are naturally occurring substances
and as such require extensive purification thus making them
costly
12. 1.Bola-Surfactant containing Niosomes:
Niosomes made of alpha,omega-hexadecyl-bis-(1-aza-18-
crown-6) (Bola-surfactant)-Span 80-cholesterol (2:3:1 molar
ratio) are named as Bola-Surfactant containing Niosomes.
2. Proniosomes:
A dry product which may be hydrated immediately before
use to yield aqueous Niosome dispersions. These
‘proniosomes’ minimize problems of Niosome physical
stability such as aggregation, fusion and leaking, and provide
additional convenience in transportation, distribution,
storage, and dosing.
15. Nature of non-ionic surfactant
Type of surfactant influences encapsulation efficiency, toxicity,
and stability of niosomes
SURFACTANT
Hydrophobic tail Hydrophilic head
Linked via ether , amide
or ester bonds
Consist of one or two alkyl or
perfluroroalkyl groups or in some
cases a single steriodal group.
16. • The alkyl group chain length is usually from C12-C18
• Uchegbu et al reported that Span surfactants with HLB values
between 4 and 8 were found to be compatible with vesicle
formation
• The water soluble detergent polysorbate 20 (HLB value 16.7)
also forms niosomes with cholesterol
• Polyglycerol monoalkyl ethers and polyoxylate analogues are
the most widely used single-chain surfactants
17. Membrane additives
Cholesterol, a natural steriod, is the most commonly used
membrane additive
Usually incorporated in 1:1 molar ratio
Prevent vesicle aggregation by the inclusion of molecules that
stabilize the system against the formation of aggregates by
repulsive steric or electrostatic effects
Leads to the transition from the gel state to liquid phase in
niosomes systems
As the result, niosomes become less leaky
Cholesterol
Dicetyl phosphate provides negative charge to vesicles
It is used to prevent aggregation of hexadecyl diglycerol
ether (C16G2) niosomes
Stearic acid is used in the preparation of cationic
niosomes
Dicetyl phosphate and
Stearic acid
18. Surfactant and lipid levels
• The surfactant/lipid ratio is generally 10-30 mM (1-2.5%
w/w)
• If the level of surfactant/lipid is too high, increasing the
surfactant/lipid level increases the total amount of drug
encapsulated
Hydration temperature
• The hydrating temperatures used to make niosomes should
usually be above the gel to liquid phase transition
temperature of the system
20. Ether injection method
• Slow injection of an ether solution of niosomal ingredients
into an aqueous medium at high temperature
• A mixture of surfactant and cholesterol (150 μmol) is
dissolved in ether (20 ml) and injected into an aqueous phase
(4 ml) using a 14- gauge needle syringe
• Temperature of the system is maintained at 60oC during the
process
• Niosomes in the form of large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) are
formed
21. Film method
• The mixture of surfactant and cholesterol is dissolved in an
organic solvent (e.g. diethyl ether, chloroform, etc.) in a
round-bottomed flask
• The organic solvent is removed by low pressure/vacuum at
room temperature
• The resultant dry surfactant film is hydrated by agitation at
50-60oC
• Multilamellar vesicles (MLV) are formed
22. Sonication
• The aqueous phase is added into the mixture of surfactant
and cholesterol in a scintillation vial
• Homogenized using a sonic probe
• The resultant vesicles are of small unilamellar (SUV) type
niosomes
• The SUV type niosomes are larger than SUV liposomes
• It is possible to obtain SUV niosomes by sonication of MLV
type vesicles
23. Reverse phase evaporation
• Surface-active agents are dissolved in chlorofom, and 0.25
volume of phosphate saline buffer (PBS) is emulsified to get
w/o emulsion
• The mixture is sonicated and subsequently chloroform is
evaporated under reduced pressure
• The surfactant first forms a gel and then hydrates to form
niosomal vesicles
• The vesicles formed are unilamellar and 0.5 μ in diameter
24. The “Bubble” method
It is novel technique for the one step preparation of liposomes
and niosomes without the use of organic solvents
The bubbling unit consists of round-bottomed flask with three
necks positioned in water bath to control the temperature
Water-cooled reflux and thermometer are positioned in the
first and second neck and nitrogen supply through the third
neck
Cholesterol and surfactant are dispersed together in the
buffer (pH 7.4) at 70°C, the dispersion mixed for 15 secs with
high shear homogenizer and immediately afterwards
“bubbled” at 70°C using nitrogen gas
25. Micro fluidization
This is a recent technique to prepare small MLVS
A microfludizer is used to pump the fluid at a very high
pressure (10,000 psi) through a 5 pm screen
It is then forced along defined micro channels, which direct
two streams of fluid to collide together at right angles,
thereby affecting a very efficient transfer of energy
The lipids/surfactants can be introduced into the fluidizer
The fluid collected can be recycled until spherical vesicles are
obtained
Uniform and small sized vesicles are obtained
29. Entrapment efficiency
Depend on the method of preparation
Niosomes prepared by ether injection method have better
entrapment efficiency than those prepared by the film or
sonication
Addition of cholesterol to non-ionic surfactants with single- or
dialkyl-chain significantly alters the entrapment efficiency
Surfactants of glycerol type lead to reduction in entrapment
capacity as the amount of cholesterol increases
Niosomes in the form of liquid crystals possess better
entrapment efficiency than gel type vesicles
30. Entrapment efficiency (EF) = (Amount entrapped total
amount) x100
Niosomes, similar to liposomes, assume spherical shape and
so their diameter can be determined using light microscopy,
photon correlation microscopy and freeze fracture electron
microscopy.
Freeze thawing (keeping vesicles suspension at –20°C for 24
hrs and then heating to ambient temperature) of niosomes
increases the vesicle diameter, which might be attributed to
fusion of vesicles during the cycle.
31. In-vitro release :
A method of in-vitro release rate study includes the use of
dialysis tubing. A dialysis sac is washed and soaked in distilled
water. The vesicle suspension is pipetted into a bag made up
of the tubing and sealed. The bag containing the vesicles is
placed in 200 ml of buffer solution in a 250 ml beaker with
constant shaking at 25°C or 37°C. At various time intervals, the
buffer is analyzed for the drug content by an appropriate
assay methodof vesicles during the cycle.
32. Vesicles are stabilised based upon formation of following forces:
van der Waals forces among surfactant molecules
Electrostatic repulsive forces are formed among vesicles upon
addition of charged surfactants to the double layer, enhancing
the stability of the system
33. Niosomes in the form of liquid crystal and gel can remain stable
at both room temperature and 4oC for 2 months
Recommended temperature of storage 4oC
Ideally niosomes should be stored dry for reconstitution
The factors which affect the stability of niosomes:
Type of surfactant
Nature of encapsulated drug
Storage temperature
Detergents
Use of membrane spanning lipids
Inclusion of charged molecule
35. Transdermal Applications
Slow penetration of drug through skin is the major drawback of
transdermal route of delivery. An increase in the penetration rate has
been achieved by transdermal delivery of drug incorporated in niosomes.
has studied the topical delivery of erythromycin from various
formulations including niosomes or hairless mouse.
parenteral Applications
Niosomes in sub-micron size are used for parenteral administration
Niosomal vesicles upto 10 μm are administered via i.p. or i.m.
36. Radiopharmaceuticals
First application of niosomes as radiopharmaceuticals demonstrated by
Erdogan et al. in 1996.
• Delivery of peptide drugs
Oral delivery of 9-desglycinamide, 8-arginine vasopressin entrapped in
niosomes increase stability of peptide significantly.
37. Ophthalmic Drug Delivery
Saettone et al. (1996) reported on the biological evaluation of a
niosomal Cyclopentolate delivery system for opthalmic delivery
Polysorbate 20 and cholesterol were used for niosomes formulation
Optimum pH for peak permation values was pH 5.5, permeatiom
decreased at pH 7.4
But in vivo data showed no such dependent on pH
Niosomes> 10 μm are suitable for drug administration to eye
38. Combination of PEG and glucose conjugates on the surface of niosomes
significantly improved tumor targeting of an encapsulated paramagnetic
agent assessed with MR imaging in a human carcinoma xenograft model.
Phase I and phase II studies were conducted for Niosomal methotrexate
gel in the treatment of localized psoriasis. These studies suggest that
niosomal methotrexate gel is more efficacious than placebo and marketed
methotrexate gel.
A research article was published that Acyclovir entrapped niosomes were
prepared by Hand shaking and Ether injection methods increases the oral
bioavailability
Lancome has come out with a variety of anti-ageing products which are
based on niosome formulations
39. The concept of incorporating the drug into liposomes or
niosomes for a better targeting of the drug at appropriate tissue
destination is widely accepted by researchers and
academicians.
Niosomes represent a promising drug delivery module.
Niosomes are thoughts to be better candidates drug delivery
as compared to liposomes due to various factors like cost,
stability etc .
Various type of drug deliveries can be possible using niosomes
like targeting, ophthalmic, topical, parenteral, etc.
Niosomes can also serve better aid in diagnostic imaging and
vaccine adjuvant in pharmaceutical industry.
40. 1. Malhotra M and Jain NK. Niosomes as Drug Carriers. Indian
Drugs 31 (3), 1994, 81-86.
2. Handjani-Vila RM., Ribier A, Rondot B and Vanlerberghie G.
Dispersions of lamellar phases of non-ionic lipids in cosmetic
products. International Journal of Cosmetic Science 1 (5),
1979, 303-314.
3. Baillie AJ, Florence AT, Hume LR, Rogerson A, and Muirhead GT
,The preparation and properties of niosomes-non-ionic
surfactant vesicles. J. Pharm Pharmacol. 37(12), 1985, 863–
868.