Normal labor occurs between 37-42 weeks gestation. Preterm labor is before 37 weeks and postdate pregnancy is after 42 weeks. The longitudinal axis of the fetus relates to the long axis of the maternal uterus. The part of the fetus closest to the birth canal is the presenting part. Cervical dilation and effacement indicate the progression of labor. Contractions increase in intensity, frequency and duration as labor progresses.

2. A-between 37 and 42 weeks from the last
menstrual period
B- Before 37 weeks gestation
C-After 42 weeks gestation
D- After 24 weeks gestation
ANSWER A

3.  Normal labour is the process by which
contractions of the gravid uterus expel the
fetus and the other products of conception
between 37 and 42 weeks from the last
menstrual period (Term Delivery)

4. Preterm labour ： Preterm labor is that occurring
before 37 weeks of gestational age.
Postdate pregnancy ： Postdate pregnancy occurs
after 42 weeks .

5. A. – longitudinal axis of the fetus in relation to
the oblique axis of the maternal uterus
B. longitudinal axis of the fetus in relation to the
transverse axis of the maternal uterus
C. longitudinal axis of the fetus in relation to the
long axis of the maternal uterus
D. longitudinal axis of the fetus in relation to the
long axis of the maternal pelvis
ANSWER C

6.  Logitudinal transverse oblique

7. A. Relates to right or left side of maternal pelvis
B. presenting or is the closest in proximity to
the birthing canal
C. Ralated to long axis of mother
D. First enter the pelvic cavity
E. First felt by vaginal examination
ANSWER B

8.  the part of the fetus that is presenting or is the
closest in proximity to the birthing canal
 Vertex Breech

9. A. position is either cephalic or breech
B. attitude is either flexion ,OR deflexion
C. position is the relationship of a landmark on
the presenting part to the right or left side of
the pelvis
D. Position is either oblique lognitudinal or
treasverse
E .Attuide is landmark on presenting part that
determine position
ANSWER C

10.  The position of the baby is the relationship
of a landmark on the presenting part to the
right or left side of the pelvis i.e. LOA, LOP,
LOT, OP, OA, ROA, ROP, ROT.
 The attitude describes the posture of
the fetus i.e. flexion, deflexion, extension.

12. Position, attitude of the fetus in
labour

13. A. Passage of bloody show
B. Occurance of uterine contraction
C. Excessive fetal movement
D. Cervical dilation and effacement
E. Gush of vaginal fluid
ANSWER D

14.  cervical change
 Effacemant :is shortening of the cervical canal
(from a length of 3 cm to a circular aperture.

15. A-Occur at regular intervals
B-Intervals get gradually smaller
C-Intensity increases
D-Pain felt in the back and abdomen
E-Pain stop with sedation
F-Cervix dilate
ANSWER E

16. A-Occur At Irregular Intervals
B-Intensity doesn't change
C-Pain primarily in lower abdomen
D-Pain usually relieved with sedation
E-Cervix dilate
ANSWER E

17. A-Relaxion after uterine contraction
B-Intensity of uterine contraction in upper and
lower segment
C-The myometrium of the upper uterine become
shorter after contraction
D- the pacemaker in the right cornu of the uterus
ANSWER C

19. A. 5-1-1: contractions approximately every 5
minutes lasting for 1 min for 1 hour
B. Sudden gush of fluid from the vagina or a
constant leakage/wetness
C. Vaginal bleeding(bloody show)
D.Decrease in fetal movement
(kick counts should be 10 kicks
in 2 hours)
E All of the above
ANSWER E

20. A. Dilation ,presention and effacment
B. Effacement ,station and position
C. Dilation ,effacment ,and station
D. Station ,dilation and descent
E. Presentation ,station ,and dilation
ANSWER C

21.  1. Dilation: estimation of the diameter of the
cervical opening at the level of the internal os
 2. Effacement: thinning of the cervix expressed as
a percentage of thinning from the perceived
uneffaced state
 3. Station: the level of the fetal presenting part in
the birth canal in relation to the ischial spines

24.  -3: 3 cm above the ischial spines
0: at the ischial spines, engaged
+3: 3 cm below the ischial spines

25. Engagement and station of the fetus in
labour

26. A. First stage of labor ends with delivery of fetus
B. Second stage of labor is divded into latent and
active phase
C. Third stage of labor lasts one hours
D.Third stage of labor begins immediately
after delivery of the infant and ends with
placental delivery
ANSWER D

27. • -interval between the onset of labor and full cervical
dilation
*latent: cervical effacement and early dilation, usually the
woman spends most of the latent phase of labor at
home
*active: more rapid cervical dilation occurs, usually
begins around 4 cm dilated

28.  2ND -complete cervical dilation to delivery of the
infant
 3rd -begins immediately
after delivery of the infant
and ends with delivery of
the placenta

29. A. Relfied by maternal position on left side
B. Compression of fetal head mediated by vagus
C. Caused by umbilical cord compression
D. Is not worrisome if non recurrent
E. Is mostly due to placental insufficancy
ANSWER E

32. A. Variability is the result of push pull of
sympathetic and para sympathetic
B. Acceleration is > 2 elevation of baslind FHR
above 25 pbm in 30 min period
C. Acceleration with absent variability is
reassuring trace
D. Moderate variability and lasck of accleration
is worrisome
ANSWER A

33. A. 50% or more of contraction
B. All of contraction
C. 25% or more of contraction
D. One out of tree contraction
ANSWER A

34. 2. Fetal monitoring
2.2 Baseline rate, HR variability, accelerations, decelerations

36.  A-engagement
B-flexion
C-descent
D-internal rotation
E-extension
F-Backword rotation
 ANSWER F

37. A-Gush of blood
B-Lengthening of umbilical cord
C-Rebound of the uterus
D-All of the above
ANSWER D

38.  -Expectant Management
-gentle traction while applying suprapubic
pressure to avoid uterine inversion

39. A-IV oxytocin after
delivery of ant shoulder.
B-Controlled cord traction
C- Suprapubic massage
D-Uterine massage
ANSWER C

40. A- Dilation and intensity of contraction
B-Dilation and effecmant
C-Dilation and descent
D,Frequancy of contraction and descent
E- All of the above
ANSWER C

41. PARTOGRAM - Friedman

42.  Nulliparous: first stage latent-6.5 hours, first
stage active-4.5 hours, second stage-1 hour
 Multiparous: first stage latent-5 hours, first
stage active-2.5 hours, second stage-0.5 hour

43. THANK YOU