Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacterium infections are caused by bacteria found in water and soil that can cause chronic lung infections, especially in people with lung damage or disease. While the infections are not contagious, treatment can last over a year with antibiotics. Symptoms include fever, cough, weight loss and night sweats. Doctors diagnose through tests like CT scans, labs, and bronchoscopy to determine appropriate long-term antibiotic treatment which requires monitoring due to potential side effects.