This document discusses why people fall ill and provides information about diseases. It explains that diseases occur when organs or tissues are not functioning properly. This can be caused by microbes like viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Diseases can be acute and last a short time, like a cold, or chronic and last a lifetime, like tuberculosis. They can spread through the air via coughing or sneezing, or through water contaminated with microbes. Ensuring proper treatment and preventing the spread of disease requires directly observing patients take their full course of medications.

2. WHY DO WE FALL ILL

3.  In our organs or tissues, there are various specialized activities
going on. The heart beats brain lungs breathe, kidney filters urine,
the brain links etc., All these activities are inter connected. If the
kidneys are not filtering urine, poisonous substance will allumillate
under such conditions the brain will not be able to think properly,
any thing that prevents proper functioning cell and tissues will lead
to a disease


4.  The functions or appearance of one or more systems of the
body will change for the worse.
 These changes give rise to the symptoms and Signs of
diseases symptoms of disease are the things we feel as being
“Wrong” so will we get headache, cough, Loose Motion, some
times wound with pus these are disease.

5.  Some disease last for only very short periods of time.
 These are called Acute disease.
 We all know that the common cold only a few days some aliments
can last for a long time, even as much as a life time, even some
ailments can last for a long, even as much as a life time.
 These are chronic disease.
 And Example is the infection causing elephantiasis Which is very
common in some part of India.

6.  Any Disease that causes poor functioning of some part of the body will
affects our general health as well.
 This is because all functions of the body are necessary for general health.
 If we get infected with chronic disease such as tuberculosis. Chronic disease.
 Therefore, have very drastic long term effects on people’s health as
composed to auto disease.

7.  One group of causes is the ineffectual agents, mostly microbes or
micro organism.
 Disease where are the immediate causes are called infectious
disease that are not external causes like microbes that can spread in
the community.
 Instead, these are mostly internal, non infectious causes.

8.  Organism that can causes disease are found in a wide range of such categories of
classification.
 Some of them are viruses, some are bacteria's, Fungi, so are single celled animals are
protozoan's.
 Some disease are also caused by multicellular, organisms, such as of different kinds .
 Common examples of disease caused by viruses are the common cold, influenza,
dengue fever and AIDS.
 Disease like typhoid fever, cholera, tuberculosis and anthrax are caused by bacteria.
 Many common skin infectious are caused by different kind of fungi protozoon
microbes causes many familiar disease, such as Malaria.

9.  Viruses, bacteria and fungi multiply very quickly.
 Worms multiply very slowly in comparison.
 Taxonomically all bacteria are related to each other than to
viruses and vice versa.
 Many important life process similar in the bacterial group but
are not shared with the virus group.

10.  Diseases causing microbes can spread through the air. This
occurs through the little droplets thrown out by an infected
person who sneezes or coughs.
 Some one standing close by can breathe in these droplets
and the microbes get a chance to start a new infection.
 Examples of such diseases though the air the common cold.
pneumonia and tuberculosis.

11.  Disease can also spread through water.
 The cholera causing microbes will enter new hosts
through the water they drink and cause disease .
 Such disease are much more likely to spread in the
absence of safe supplies of drinking water.

13. Session Overview
◦ Aims of TB Treatment
◦ General Principles
◦ Treatment Guidelines

15.  Cure the patient of TB
 Prevent death from active TB or its latent
effects
 Prevent relapse of TB
 Decrease transmission of TB to others
 Prevent the development of acquired
resistance

16.  Assure that appropriate regimen is
prescribed by MOs
 Ensure successful completion of therapy
(adherence)
 Utilize directly observed therapy (DOT) as
standard-of-care

17. Adherence

18.  As their condition improves they may feel
better and decide they don’t need meds
 They may experience side effects
 Forgetfulness/lack of a reminder!
 Travel to cattle posts without refills
 Difficulty getting to clinic b/c of
work/distance

19. What is Case Management?
• Assignment of responsibility within clinic to
oversee patient monitoring
-bacteriology
-DOT
-side effects
• Systematic regular review of patient data
• Plans in place to address barriers to adherence BEFORE default
occurs

20. Directly Observed Therapy (DOT)
• Health care worker watches patient swallow
each
-Dose of medication
-Every pill, every day
-Self-administered is NOT DOT
REMEMBER
DOT for all patients on all regimens
NO exceptions

21. DOT in Ghantsi…Can you
identify the main elements?

22. Directly Observed Therapy (DOT)
• DOT can lead to reductions in
relapse and acquired drug resistance
• Use DOT with other measures to
promote adherence
• DOT is the key to CURE