Non-experimental design involves observing and measuring phenomena as they occur without manipulation. It aims to describe variables, propose hypotheses, and provide an overall picture of a phenomenon. Common non-experimental designs include descriptive, correlational, retrospective, prospective, survey, case study, and historical research designs, which involve methods like interviews, questionnaires, observation, and measurement to understand relationships and describe attributes without establishing causality.

1. NON EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN

2. NON EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN
 A design in which the researcher is a passive agent, who observes,
measures, and describes a phenomenon as it occurs or exists

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF
NON-EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN
 No manipulation.
 No causality establishment.
 A question or hypothesis is proposed.
 A variable, two or more… different level of complexity.
 Gives an overall picture of a phenomenon

4. TYPES
Pure
Descriptive
• Qualitative
Correlational
Descriptive
• Retrospective
• Prospective
Others
• Survey
• Case study
• Historical
research

5. DATA COLLECTION
METHODS
 Personal interviews.
 Telephone interviews.
 Questionnaires.
 Statistical records.
 Observation. devices.
 Physical measurement.
 Psychological measurement.
 Reporting.
 Rating
 Interview.

6. THE PURPOSE OF CASE
STUDY
 Relationships between phenomena.
 Explaining
 Describing
 Exploring

7.  A systematic method for gathering
information from (a sample of) individuals
for the purposes of describing the attributes
of the larger population of which the
individuals are members.
 The attributes attempt to describe basic
characteristics or experiences of large and
small populations in our world.
TYPES OF SURVEY
 Cross sectional
 Longitudinal
 Trend
 Time cohort
 Panel

8.  For a survey to succeed, it must
minimize the risk of two types of
error: poor measurement of cases
that are surveyed (errors of
observation) and omission of cases
that should be surveyed (errors of
nonobservation) (Groves, 1989).

10. CHARACTERISTICS OF A
GOOD RESEARCH
DESIGN
 Appropriateness to the research problem.
 Lack of bias.
 Control.
 Precision.
 Internal validity.
 External validity.