Nickel and its alloys have a variety of applications due to their properties such as high strength, corrosion resistance, and ability to retain strength at high temperatures. Some key uses of nickel and its alloys include: 1) Stainless steel and nickel-copper alloys like Monel are used for propeller shafts, desalination plants, and other applications that require corrosion resistance. 2) Nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-silver alloys are used in portable electronics, keys, and coins due to their electrical properties and corrosion resistance. 3) Nickel-chromium and nickel-base superalloys are used in gas turbines, rocket engines, and other high-temperature applications because

1. Non-Ferrous Metal: Nickel
& Ni Alloys
JIM ALEX
ME S3 SBCE PATTOR
METALLURGY

2. General:-
• Belongs to the transition metals.
• It is hard and ductile
• Crystal structure - FCC
• Atomic number - 28
• Atomic weight - 58.71
• Density ( ) - 8.89
• Melting point (°c) – 1455
• Boiling point(°c) – 2913
Note:- Fifth most abundant element in earth
Introduction To Nickel
3
/ cmg

3. Properties:-
• Silvery shiny appearance
• High toughness and ductility
• Good high and low temperature strength
• High oxidation resistance
• Good corrosion resistance (slow rate of oxidation
at room temp.)
• It is Ferro-magnetic.
Having FCC crystal structure.
Limitations:-
•Not mixed with cheap alloying element.
•Relatively high cost.
Contd..

4. Applications
 85% of metallic nickel used in combination with other
metals alloys
1. Used in gas turbines and rocket engines
- easy to work and can be drawn into wire
- resist corrosion even at high temperatures
Nickel (Ni)
gas turbines rocket engines

5. 2. Used for propeller shaft in boats
and desalination plants
- Monel: an alloy of nickel and copper
- Hard, can resist the corrosion by sea water
3. Used to make stainless steel
- used very widely in the home, in architecture,
- in health care, in food processing and
- throughout industry.
Nickel (Ni)
Monel
Stainless steel cutlery

6. 4. Used to make Nickel-cadmium battery
 Small NiCd dry cells are used for portable electronics and toys
 rechargeable battery
 often using cells manufactured in the same sizes as primary cells
Nickel-cadmium battery
Nickel (Ni)

7. 5. Used in nickel-copper alloys and nickel silver
 nickel-copper alloys:
- improves strength and corrosion resistance
- good ductility is retained
- excellent resistance to marine corrosion and biofouling
 Nickel silver
- used in better-quality keys, making musical
instruments (e.g. cymbals, saxophones), production of
coins.
- marine fittings and plumbing fixtures
for its corrosion resistance, and heating
Nickel (Ni)
Nickel silver coins

8. There are different types of nickel and nickel alloys;
 Commercially pure nickel
 Nickel-copper alloys (Monels)
 Nickel-chromium alloys
 Nickel-base superalloys
 Nickel-iron superalloys
Classification of Ni & Ni-Alloys

9. • High purity nickel contains 99.99% Ni.
• Commercially pure nickel contains 99.5% Ni (+Co).
• Microstructure consists of solid solution phase in annealed
condition.
Properties:-
•Good mechanical properties and retains its
strength at elevated temperature.
•Excellent resistance to most corrosive
environment.
Applications:-
• Food processing equipment
• Electrical & electronic parts
• Caustic handling equipment.
Commercially Pure Nickel

10. • Ni and Cu form complete solid solution.
• Ni-Cu alloy contains 67%Ni and 33%Cu, called Monels.
Two types of Monels are found :-
1) Monel Metal:- (Metal Treated)
• consists of (67% Ni + 30% Cu +
small amounts of Fe, Mn, Si & C).
Properties
• High strength and toughness over a
range of temperature.
• Good weldability
• Excellent corrosion resistance
• Resistant to Sea Water, Chlorine
Nickel Copper Alloys (Monels)

11. Applications
• Steam turbine blades (UTS-525 Mpa & Yield Strength-230 Mpa)
• High temperature valves
• Centrifugal pump impellors & water meter parts.
2) K-Monel:-
• Consists of 66% Ni + 29% Cu +
2.57% Al +Mn + C).
Properties
• wholly Non-magnetic
• Al increases strength & hardness above that of monel.
Applications
Pump shafts, springs & valve stems etc.
Contd..

12. 1)Nichrome:-
• consists of 80% Ni + 20% Cr.
Properties
• high melting point
• high electrical resistivity
• good stability from deforming
Applications
• resistance heating coils
• rocket igniters
• jewellery casting supports
• ceramic manufacturing industry
Nickel Chromium Alloys

13. • High temperature heat-resistance alloys, which can retain high
strengths at elevated temperatures.
There are three types of Ni-base superalloys;
• Ni base, Ni- iron base and cobalt base.
The alloys contain high Cr with Ti, Al to from
precipitates and additions of Mo, Co, Nb, Zr, B, Fe.
• Microstructures are complex.
Properties
• Heat resistant and high strength at high temperature (760-980°C).
•Good corrosion & oxidation resistance.
Nickel Base Superalloys

14. Applications
• Aircrafts, space vehicles, rocket engines
• Industrial gas turbines, high temp applications.
• Nuclear reactors, submarines.
• Steam power plants, petrochemical equipment.
Contd..

15. 1) German Silver:-
Consists of 60% Cu + 20% Ni + 20% Zn.
Properties
• Hard, white & ductile
• Good mechanical & corrosion
resistance
Applications
• silver plated cutlery
•musical instruments
• pipe fittings
• ornamental work of cars.
Some other Nickel alloys

17. 2) Haste alloy:-
Consists of 45% Ni + 16% Cr + 15% Mo
TYPES : A,B,C,D & its variants
Properties
• high wear resistance
• high corrosion resistance
• high stress service
Applications
• Bearings
• Pressure vessel linings
• chemical reactor pipes
Contd..