Nickel new ppt
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This document provides information about nickel, including its introduction, ores, extraction, alloys, and properties. It discusses that nickel was first isolated in 1751 and belongs to the transition metals. It has an FCC crystal structure and is both hard and ductile. The document also describes some common nickel alloys like Monels, Inconel 600, and Nichrome, providing their compositions, properties, and applications.
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Nickel(metal)
Nickel was first isolated in 1751 and is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is thought that an iron-nickel mixture composes Earth's inner core. Nickel has two electron configurations and exists as five stable isotopes, with nickel-58 being the most abundant. Nickel is used in stainless steel, magnets, batteries, and alloys and purified via the Mond process to over 99.99% purity.
Metallurgy
It contains the information about Extractive techniques,types of metallurgy, refining techniques, and alloying and videos
Nickel and its extraction
1). The document summarizes information about nickel, including its extraction from ores, properties, advantages, disadvantages, and classifications of nickel alloys. Nickel is extracted via pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical processes depending on the ore. 2). Important nickel alloys include nickel-copper alloys, nickel-chromium alloys, and nickel-base superalloys used in applications requiring high heat resistance. 3). Nickel has properties like corrosion resistance and is used to make alloys for applications across many industries.
Metallurgy of copper
Metallurgy is the study of techniques and procedures which are used to extract metals from earth crust.
copper is extracted from its pyrite ores.
Nickal and its alloys
Nickel and its alloys have a variety of applications due to their properties such as high strength, corrosion resistance, and ability to retain strength at high temperatures. Some key uses of nickel and its alloys include:
1) Stainless steel and nickel-copper alloys like Monel are used for propeller shafts, desalination plants, and other applications that require corrosion resistance.
2) Nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-silver alloys are used in portable electronics, keys, and coins due to their electrical properties and corrosion resistance.
3) Nickel-chromium and nickel-base superalloys are used in gas turbines, rocket engines, and other high-temperature applications because
Lead Extraction
This document discusses the extractive metallurgy process for lead. It describes lead properties, history of lead use, health effects, lead ores and locations, ore dressing, size reduction, roasting, smelting, refining including the Parkes and Betts processes, and lead products and byproducts. The overall process involves extracting lead from its ore, reducing and refining it to remove impurities and produce a high purity lead product.
Production of iron and steel
The document discusses materials science and engineering, specifically focusing on the production of iron and steel. It begins with an introduction to materials science and engineering. It then describes the production process of pig iron, including raw material procurement, blast furnace production, and products. It further discusses various steel production methods like basic oxygen furnace and electric arc furnace production. Continuous casting and different steel products are also outlined. In summary, the document provides an overview of the key industrial processes for producing iron and steel, from raw materials to final products.
Metallurgy
The document discusses various principles and processes involved in the isolation of elements through metallurgy. It describes how elements are found in nature, either in native state or combined state in minerals and ores. It then explains the metallurgical processes of crushing and grinding ores, concentrating the ore through various methods, converting the concentrated ore into metal oxides through calcination or roasting. Finally, it discusses reducing the metal oxides into metals through reduction processes using suitable reducing agents, based on the reactivity and position of metals in the Ellingham diagram.
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Nickel(metal)
Nickel was first isolated in 1751 and is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is thought that an iron-nickel mixture composes Earth's inner core. Nickel has two electron configurations and exists as five stable isotopes, with nickel-58 being the most abundant. Nickel is used in stainless steel, magnets, batteries, and alloys and purified via the Mond process to over 99.99% purity.
Metallurgy
It contains the information about Extractive techniques,types of metallurgy, refining techniques, and alloying and videos
Nickel and its extraction
1). The document summarizes information about nickel, including its extraction from ores, properties, advantages, disadvantages, and classifications of nickel alloys. Nickel is extracted via pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical processes depending on the ore. 2). Important nickel alloys include nickel-copper alloys, nickel-chromium alloys, and nickel-base superalloys used in applications requiring high heat resistance. 3). Nickel has properties like corrosion resistance and is used to make alloys for applications across many industries.
Metallurgy of copper
Metallurgy is the study of techniques and procedures which are used to extract metals from earth crust.
copper is extracted from its pyrite ores.
Nickal and its alloys
Nickel and its alloys have a variety of applications due to their properties such as high strength, corrosion resistance, and ability to retain strength at high temperatures. Some key uses of nickel and its alloys include:
1) Stainless steel and nickel-copper alloys like Monel are used for propeller shafts, desalination plants, and other applications that require corrosion resistance.
2) Nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-silver alloys are used in portable electronics, keys, and coins due to their electrical properties and corrosion resistance.
3) Nickel-chromium and nickel-base superalloys are used in gas turbines, rocket engines, and other high-temperature applications because
Lead Extraction
This document discusses the extractive metallurgy process for lead. It describes lead properties, history of lead use, health effects, lead ores and locations, ore dressing, size reduction, roasting, smelting, refining including the Parkes and Betts processes, and lead products and byproducts. The overall process involves extracting lead from its ore, reducing and refining it to remove impurities and produce a high purity lead product.
Production of iron and steel
The document discusses materials science and engineering, specifically focusing on the production of iron and steel. It begins with an introduction to materials science and engineering. It then describes the production process of pig iron, including raw material procurement, blast furnace production, and products. It further discusses various steel production methods like basic oxygen furnace and electric arc furnace production. Continuous casting and different steel products are also outlined. In summary, the document provides an overview of the key industrial processes for producing iron and steel, from raw materials to final products.
Metallurgy
The document discusses various principles and processes involved in the isolation of elements through metallurgy. It describes how elements are found in nature, either in native state or combined state in minerals and ores. It then explains the metallurgical processes of crushing and grinding ores, concentrating the ore through various methods, converting the concentrated ore into metal oxides through calcination or roasting. Finally, it discusses reducing the metal oxides into metals through reduction processes using suitable reducing agents, based on the reactivity and position of metals in the Ellingham diagram.
nickel Ore
This document provides an overview of nickel ore processing. It discusses the two main types of nickel ores - laterite ores and sulfide ores. For laterite ores, it describes the various processing options including smelting, the Caron process, high pressure acid leaching, atmospheric leaching, and heap leaching. It also provides details on specific nickel laterite deposits and processing plants. For sulfide ores, it briefly mentions that they are mined underground. The document aims to inform the reader about nickel ore characteristics, processing techniques, and the global nickel production industry.
Presentation of copper
Copper is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. It has two stable isotopes and exists in native and mineral forms, with the most important ores being sulfides, oxides, and carbonates. Copper is extracted from its ores through a series of chemical, physical, and electrochemical processes including crushing, roasting, smelting, and electrolysis. It has many useful properties and practical applications as a building material, electrical conductor, and in metal alloys like brass and bronze used for plumbing, wiring, cookware, and more. Copper consumption is highest in the building industry, electronics, transportation, and consumer products.
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Refining Slags.pptx
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2. An ideal slag for steelmaking has a basicity between 1.2-2.5, is sufficiently fluid, and can act as a thermal barrier while controlling the oxidation state of the steel through its FeO content.
3. The basicity, viscosity, oxidation potential, and ability to hold inclusions determine a slag's efficiency in refining steel of non-metallic impurities like phosphorus and sulfur.
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This document discusses various forms of corrosion that can occur in metals. It begins by defining corrosion and explaining the factors that influence it. It then describes several specific types of corrosion: general/uniform corrosion, galvanic corrosion, crevice corrosion, pitting corrosion, intergranular corrosion, dealloying, erosion corrosion, stress corrosion, hydrogen damage including hydrogen blistering and hydrogen embrittlement. For each type of corrosion, the document discusses the mechanism and provides methods for prevention.
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CHAPTER 3 MINERALS ORES AND METHODES OF SEPARATION.pdf
i. Introduction
ii. Minerals and ores
iii. Sources of metals
iv. Methods of beneficiation of ores and miners
a. Comminution
Size reduction by crushing and grinding
Minerals, ores and methods of beneficiation
Liberation
Laws of crushing and grinding
Sizing
b. Classification and concentration
c. Classification and concentration
d. Magnetic separation
e. Electro- static separation
f. Flotation
Rare earth elements and its applications in geological studies
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To review the geology of rare earth elements.
To discuss the various applications of rare earth elements in geological studies.
To review the geology of rare earth elements.
To discuss the various applications of rare earth elements in geological studies.
Abundance of REEs in Earth’s Crust ; Classification of Rare Earth Elements; Geology of REEs; APPLICATIONS OF REES; Application OF REEs in Geological Studies; APPLICATION OF REE TO PETROLEUM SYSTEMS; REE GLOBAL ECONOMIC SUPPLY AND DEMAND; Large and Giant Sized Deposits of the Rare Earth Elements
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Presentation On Copper, Cu
The document provides an overview of copper, including its history of use dating back to 5000 BC, its excellent properties as an electrical and thermal conductor, and its many applications in manufacturing and construction due to its workability and corrosion resistance when alloyed with other metals like zinc, tin, aluminum, and silicon. Common alloys of copper include brasses, bronzes, copper-nickels, and high copper alloys that are used in applications like wiring, plumbing, bearings, and more.
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This document discusses the need for lean iron ore beneficiation in India to utilize low-grade iron ore deposits. It notes that India has large reserves of iron ore but current mining practices only utilize ore above 58% Fe. Beneficiating low-grade ore deposits through finer grinding and pelletization could increase reserves and improve economics. It also outlines technologies like jigging and flotation that can upgrade low-grade ore and slimes to produce concentrates and pellets for iron and steel making. Major producers are exploring using these technologies to beneficiate low-grade materials sustainably.
copper and copper alloys
Copper is a reddish metal with a face-centered cubic crystal structure. It has high electrical and thermal conductivity and good corrosion resistance. Copper alloys include brasses, which are copper-zinc alloys that have good strength and ductility. Bronzes are copper alloys where the primary alloying element is not zinc or nickel, and include phosphor bronzes and aluminum bronzes. Copper alloys have a variety of applications due to their combinations of properties.
processing Gold ore | Rodger Allen Gold Mine
The Sylvan Ore is located within the Owl Creek/Birkenhead area and consists of a poly-metallic, high-sulfide mix of iron
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indicators in this material are the high sulfides which require special consideration for Extraction & Recovery.
Ilmenite
Fe-Ti oxides are an important source of titanium. The most common Fe-Ti oxides are ilmenite and rutile. Ilmenite forms from iron and titanium-rich liquids that separate from magma and sink to the floor, intruding into lower rock units like anorthosite. Ilmenite commonly forms solid solutions and is the most important ore of titanium. It often occurs in igneous and metamorphic rocks, as well as placer deposits, with large concentrations found in layered intrusions. Ilmenite forms late in magmatic differentiation from basic magma.
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The document discusses the open hearth furnace process used in foundries. The open hearth furnace uses direct contact between fuel and metals to melt iron, aluminum, and other materials. It consists of a shallow bath capable of holding 60-300 tons of metal, with heating chambers on the sides and openings at each end to allow heated gases to burn and escape. The furnace lining depends on the impurities in the metal. Once charged and heated to 1500C, the scrap and pig iron melt over 3 hours as impurities are removed. The molten steel is then tapped and deslagged before being poured into ingots or castings.
Silicon
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- Pure silicon is the principal component of most semiconductor devices, especially integrated circuits. It is also used in alloys, solar cells, LCDs, and other electronic applications.
- Silicon can be produced from quartz or sand through carbothermic or metallothermic reduction and purified to 99.99% using the Siemens process involving hydrogen chloride and fractional distillation.
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The document discusses various topics related to iron making and steel production, including:
1. It defines metallurgy and divides it into extractive metallurgy, physical metallurgy, and other subfields. Extractive metallurgy involves separating and concentrating raw materials.
2. It describes the production of pig iron using a blast furnace, which involves heating iron ore with coke to produce a molten iron alloy containing 3-4% carbon.
3. It then discusses the various processes for producing steel from pig iron, including the Bessemer process, open hearth furnace, and basic oxygen furnace, which reduce the carbon and impurity levels in pig iron
Iron making
The document discusses key aspects of blast furnace design and operation, including:
1. Blast furnace productivity depends on optimal gas flow and smooth, rapid burden descent which requires an optimized furnace profile and lines.
2. Effluent gas from the furnace contains 20-30% CO by volume and is cleaned through three stages before use to reduce dust from 7-30 g/m3 to 0.01 g/m3.
3. Stoves are used to heat incoming blast with heat from cleaned furnace gas in a cyclic process, maintaining a steady, preheated blast supply to the furnace.
Nickel & Its Alloys
This document discusses non-ferrous metal nickel and its alloys. It begins with an introduction to nickel, noting its crystal structure, properties like hardness and ductility, and common uses. It then discusses various nickel alloys including commercially pure nickel, nickel-copper alloys, nickel-chromium alloys, and nickel-base superalloys. Specific alloys in each category like Monel and Inconel are described. Applications of different alloys in areas like turbines, chemicals and batteries are also mentioned. In conclusion, the document provides references used to compile the information presented.
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Ni-based superalloys are excellent high-temperature materials and have proven very useful, Co-based superalloys potentially possess superior hot corrosion, oxidation, and wear resistance as compared to Ni-based superalloys. For this reason, efforts have also been put into developing Co-based superalloys over the past several years.
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nickel Ore
This document provides an overview of nickel ore processing. It discusses the two main types of nickel ores - laterite ores and sulfide ores. For laterite ores, it describes the various processing options including smelting, the Caron process, high pressure acid leaching, atmospheric leaching, and heap leaching. It also provides details on specific nickel laterite deposits and processing plants. For sulfide ores, it briefly mentions that they are mined underground. The document aims to inform the reader about nickel ore characteristics, processing techniques, and the global nickel production industry.
Presentation of copper
Copper is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. It has two stable isotopes and exists in native and mineral forms, with the most important ores being sulfides, oxides, and carbonates. Copper is extracted from its ores through a series of chemical, physical, and electrochemical processes including crushing, roasting, smelting, and electrolysis. It has many useful properties and practical applications as a building material, electrical conductor, and in metal alloys like brass and bronze used for plumbing, wiring, cookware, and more. Copper consumption is highest in the building industry, electronics, transportation, and consumer products.
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The document discusses the extraction of zinc from its ores. Zinc is extracted through either pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical extraction processes. Pyrometallurgical extraction involves grinding the zinc ore, concentrating it through flotation, roasting the concentrate to produce zinc oxide, and then reducing the zinc oxide with carbon to produce zinc vapor which is then condensed. Hydrometallurgical extraction involves leaching the zinc calcine with sulfuric acid, precipitating out impurities, and then electrolyzing the filtered solution to recover zinc. The Imperial Smelting Process is also discussed, which allows simultaneous smelting of zinc and lead from complex mixed ores.
Refining Slags.pptx
1. Slag is a molten oxide byproduct formed during smelting and refining of metals like steel. It contains both acidic oxides like SiO2 and basic oxides like CaO that neutralize each other.
2. An ideal slag for steelmaking has a basicity between 1.2-2.5, is sufficiently fluid, and can act as a thermal barrier while controlling the oxidation state of the steel through its FeO content.
3. The basicity, viscosity, oxidation potential, and ability to hold inclusions determine a slag's efficiency in refining steel of non-metallic impurities like phosphorus and sulfur.
Corrosion
This document discusses various forms of corrosion that can occur in metals. It begins by defining corrosion and explaining the factors that influence it. It then describes several specific types of corrosion: general/uniform corrosion, galvanic corrosion, crevice corrosion, pitting corrosion, intergranular corrosion, dealloying, erosion corrosion, stress corrosion, hydrogen damage including hydrogen blistering and hydrogen embrittlement. For each type of corrosion, the document discusses the mechanism and provides methods for prevention.
Graphite
Graphite is a highly scalable real-time graphing system. As a user, you write an application that collects numeric time series data that you are interested in graphing, and send it to Graphite’s processing backend, carbon, which stores the data in Graphite’s specialized database. The data can then be visualized through graphite’s web Interfaces.
CHAPTER 3 MINERALS ORES AND METHODES OF SEPARATION.pdf
i. Introduction
ii. Minerals and ores
iii. Sources of metals
iv. Methods of beneficiation of ores and miners
a. Comminution
Size reduction by crushing and grinding
Minerals, ores and methods of beneficiation
Liberation
Laws of crushing and grinding
Sizing
b. Classification and concentration
c. Classification and concentration
d. Magnetic separation
e. Electro- static separation
f. Flotation
Rare earth elements and its applications in geological studies
Rare earth elements and its applications in geological studiesGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
To review the geology of rare earth elements.
To discuss the various applications of rare earth elements in geological studies.
To review the geology of rare earth elements.
To discuss the various applications of rare earth elements in geological studies.
Abundance of REEs in Earth’s Crust ; Classification of Rare Earth Elements; Geology of REEs; APPLICATIONS OF REES; Application OF REEs in Geological Studies; APPLICATION OF REE TO PETROLEUM SYSTEMS; REE GLOBAL ECONOMIC SUPPLY AND DEMAND; Large and Giant Sized Deposits of the Rare Earth Elements
Extractive Metallurgy
Extraction to separate metals is discussed from ores. So, all the steps are discussed in complete order
Tin and it’s alloy
This document outlines the chemical and physical properties of tin, its alloys, and applications. It discusses how tin forms alloys with many metals like copper to create bronze, an important material in early civilization. It also summarizes tin-based solder alloys that are important in electronics, replacing lead-based solders. The document concludes that tin is a key element in bronze and that most tin today is used to produce solders for electronics applications.
Presentation On Copper, Cu
The document provides an overview of copper, including its history of use dating back to 5000 BC, its excellent properties as an electrical and thermal conductor, and its many applications in manufacturing and construction due to its workability and corrosion resistance when alloyed with other metals like zinc, tin, aluminum, and silicon. Common alloys of copper include brasses, bronzes, copper-nickels, and high copper alloys that are used in applications like wiring, plumbing, bearings, and more.
Lean Iron Ore Beneficiation
This document discusses the need for lean iron ore beneficiation in India to utilize low-grade iron ore deposits. It notes that India has large reserves of iron ore but current mining practices only utilize ore above 58% Fe. Beneficiating low-grade ore deposits through finer grinding and pelletization could increase reserves and improve economics. It also outlines technologies like jigging and flotation that can upgrade low-grade ore and slimes to produce concentrates and pellets for iron and steel making. Major producers are exploring using these technologies to beneficiate low-grade materials sustainably.
copper and copper alloys
Copper is a reddish metal with a face-centered cubic crystal structure. It has high electrical and thermal conductivity and good corrosion resistance. Copper alloys include brasses, which are copper-zinc alloys that have good strength and ductility. Bronzes are copper alloys where the primary alloying element is not zinc or nickel, and include phosphor bronzes and aluminum bronzes. Copper alloys have a variety of applications due to their combinations of properties.
processing Gold ore | Rodger Allen Gold Mine
The Sylvan Ore is located within the Owl Creek/Birkenhead area and consists of a poly-metallic, high-sulfide mix of iron
pyrite, pyrrhotite and altered granite diorite with massive to scattered metals throughout the bulk sample. The refractory
indicators in this material are the high sulfides which require special consideration for Extraction & Recovery.
Ilmenite
Fe-Ti oxides are an important source of titanium. The most common Fe-Ti oxides are ilmenite and rutile. Ilmenite forms from iron and titanium-rich liquids that separate from magma and sink to the floor, intruding into lower rock units like anorthosite. Ilmenite commonly forms solid solutions and is the most important ore of titanium. It often occurs in igneous and metamorphic rocks, as well as placer deposits, with large concentrations found in layered intrusions. Ilmenite forms late in magmatic differentiation from basic magma.
Faisal
The document discusses the open hearth furnace process used in foundries. The open hearth furnace uses direct contact between fuel and metals to melt iron, aluminum, and other materials. It consists of a shallow bath capable of holding 60-300 tons of metal, with heating chambers on the sides and openings at each end to allow heated gases to burn and escape. The furnace lining depends on the impurities in the metal. Once charged and heated to 1500C, the scrap and pig iron melt over 3 hours as impurities are removed. The molten steel is then tapped and deslagged before being poured into ingots or castings.
Silicon
- Silicon is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust, making up 25.7% of it. It is commonly found in nature as silica (SiO2) and discovered in 1823 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius.
- Pure silicon is the principal component of most semiconductor devices, especially integrated circuits. It is also used in alloys, solar cells, LCDs, and other electronic applications.
- Silicon can be produced from quartz or sand through carbothermic or metallothermic reduction and purified to 99.99% using the Siemens process involving hydrogen chloride and fractional distillation.
Iron making
The document discusses various topics related to iron making and steel production, including:
1. It defines metallurgy and divides it into extractive metallurgy, physical metallurgy, and other subfields. Extractive metallurgy involves separating and concentrating raw materials.
2. It describes the production of pig iron using a blast furnace, which involves heating iron ore with coke to produce a molten iron alloy containing 3-4% carbon.
3. It then discusses the various processes for producing steel from pig iron, including the Bessemer process, open hearth furnace, and basic oxygen furnace, which reduce the carbon and impurity levels in pig iron
Iron making
The document discusses key aspects of blast furnace design and operation, including:
1. Blast furnace productivity depends on optimal gas flow and smooth, rapid burden descent which requires an optimized furnace profile and lines.
2. Effluent gas from the furnace contains 20-30% CO by volume and is cleaned through three stages before use to reduce dust from 7-30 g/m3 to 0.01 g/m3.
3. Stoves are used to heat incoming blast with heat from cleaned furnace gas in a cyclic process, maintaining a steady, preheated blast supply to the furnace.
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Rare earth elements and their properties and their applications in steels
Rare earth elements and their properties and their applications in steels
CHAPTER 3 MINERALS ORES AND METHODES OF SEPARATION.pdf
CHAPTER 3 MINERALS ORES AND METHODES OF SEPARATION.pdf
Rare earth elements and its applications in geological studies
Rare earth elements and its applications in geological studies
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Nickel and its alloys, as well as titanium and its alloys, are important engineering materials. Nickel is a silvery white metal that is magnetic, hard, and ductile. It has many applications as an alloying element to produce alloys like Inconel and Hastelloy that are heat and corrosion resistant. Titanium is a strong yet lightweight metal that is highly corrosion resistant. It is commonly extracted from ores using the Kroll process and made into alpha, beta, and alpha-beta alloys for diverse applications like aerospace, industrial, automotive, and medical implants.
Copper & its properties
This document discusses copper and copper alloys, including their properties, extraction, production, uses, and applications. It covers the classification of copper alloys into categories like brasses, bronzes, and cupronickels. The key extraction process described is pyrometallurgy to extract copper from sulfide ores via concentration, roasting, smelting, and bessemerization. Finally, the major applications of copper and its alloys are in electrical systems, construction, transport, medicine, kitchens, and common items like coins.
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Copper and copper alloys
This document discusses copper and copper alloys, including their properties, extraction, production, uses, and applications. It covers the physical properties of copper, its major ores, and worldwide production levels. Extraction techniques for copper from sulfide and oxide ores are described, involving processes like froth flotation, roasting, smelting, and electrolytic refining. Key copper alloys like brasses, bronzes, cupronickels, and nickel silvers are classified and their phase diagrams discussed. Major applications of copper and its alloys span building construction, pressure vessels, marine uses, and more.
Basic Metallurgy for Welding _& Fabricating Professionals.pdf
The document provides an overview of a course on basic metallurgy for welding and fabrication professionals. The course objectives include understanding metals and their properties, effects of alloying elements, various types of carbon steels and heat treatment processes, low alloy steels and their heat treatment, and stainless steels. Specific topics covered include the iron-carbon phase diagram, steel making processes, classifications of carbon and alloy steels, heat treatment of steels, and properties and applications of low alloy steels. The document is divided into modules that cover these various metallurgical topics at an introductory level.
Basic metallurgy for welding & fabricaton professionals
Eurotech Organizing 2 days "Metallurgy" Course is very beneficial for Welding and Fabrication professionals as it would results in increasing your efficiency. The course objectives are: metals and their properties, to check material test certificate, heat treatment process, Destructive testing, Stainless steel and types, and many more.
It will definitely increase your learning and your work efficiency and boost your career in welding
Please do not hesitate to contact me if you require further information Metallurgy" Course
Best Regards,
Puneet Sharma
Email: (aws.cwi.training@gmail.com)
Mobile no. 08196980555
Extractive Metallurgy_week 1.pdf
The document outlines the key concepts and tentative lecture plan for an extractive metallurgy course. It introduces basic terms like ore and mineral and describes various processes involved in extractive metallurgy like comminution, mineral dressing, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and electrometallurgy. These include unit operations like crushing and grinding and unit processes like calcination, roasting, smelting, and leaching. The lecture plan details the topics to be covered in each of the 15 weeks including extraction of various metals from different sources.
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Nickel new ppt
- 1. NICKEL Presented By:- Shefali kandpal( R240215022) Tejus kumar ( R240213036)
- 2. Content 1.Introduction to nickel 2.Ores of Nickel 3.Extraction of Nickel 4.Classification of Ni-alloys 5.Some other Nickel alloys
- 3. Nickel was first isolated and classified as a chemical element in 1751 by Axel Fredrik Cronstedt from Sweden
- 4. Introduction to Nickel •Belongs to the transitionmetals. •Hard and ductile •Crystal structure _ F C C •Atomic number _ 28 •Atomic weight _ 58.6934 •Density (g/ cm 3 ) _ 8.89 •Melting point (°c) _ 1455 •Boiling point(°c) _ 2913 Note:- •One of four elements that are magnetic at near or room temperature •Curie temperature is 355°c (means it is non-magnetic above this temperature)
- 5. Contd…… Properties:- • Silvery shiny appearance • High toughness and ductility • Good high and low temperaturestrength • High oxidation resistance • Good corrosion resistance (slow rate of oxidation at room temp.) • Ferro-magnetic. Limitations:- • Not mixed with alloyingelements • Relatively high cost.
- 6. • Nickel-copper alloys (Monels) • Nickel-chromium alloys • Nickel-base superalloys Classification of Ni-Alloys
- 7. • Ni and Cuform complete solid solution. • Ni-Cu alloy contains (67%Ni and 33%Cu)called Monels or Nicorros TherearetwotypesofMonels:- 1) Monel Metal:- • consists of (67%Ni ,33%Cu, 2% Mn and 2.5% Fe ) Properties • High strength and toughness • Good weldability • Excellent corrosion resistance • Resistant to corrosion in seawater and has high electrical resistivity ,thus making it useful in the marine industry. Nickel Copper Alloys (Monels)
- 8. Applications:- • Steamturbine blades (UTS-525MPa & Yield Strength-230MPa) • High temperature valves • Centrifugal pump impellors 2) K-Monel:- • Consistsof (66%Ni ,29%Cu, 2.57%Al ,Mn ,C). Properties:- • Non-magnetic • Al increases strength & hardness. Applications:- Pump shafts, springs & valve stemsetc.
- 9. Nickel ChromiumAlloys 1) Inconel 600:- •Family of austenitic nickel-chromium- based superalloys. •Consists of (72%Ni ,14-17%Cr,6-10%Fe,1%Mn,0.5%Cu,0.5%Si, 0.15% C, 0.05% s). • used at high temperatures. Properties:- •High corrosion resistance at hightemperature. •High strength andworkability. •Difficult to machine. Applications:- •Gas turbine combusters and blades •Pulp and paper industry •Soap manufacture
- 10. 2) Nichrome:- • consists of (80%Ni ,20%Cr). Properties:- • high melting point • high electrical resistivity Applications:- • resistance heating coils • rocket igniters • jewellery castingsupports • ceramic manufacturingindustry