Single Cell Protein
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this ppt deals with the production, processing and harvesting of spirulina as SCP. it also describes about the benefits of using spirulina as the protein supplement for enriching one's health when there is nutritional deprivation.
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Single cell protein
This document discusses single cell proteins (SCP), which are dried cells of microorganisms that can be used as a dietary protein supplement. SCPs are produced using biomass as a raw material and various microorganisms like fungi, algae, and bacteria that are cultured on the biomass. The production involves selecting suitable microorganism strains, fermenting them, harvesting the cells, and processing them for use as a protein supplement in foods. SCPs have advantages like being a renewable source of protein but also have disadvantages like potentially high nucleic acid content.
Screening of industrial microorganisms
This document discusses screening techniques used to isolate microorganisms of interest from a population. It describes primary screening as an initial process to discard many non-useful microbes while detecting a small percentage that may have industrial applications. Secondary screening further tests the capabilities of these isolated microorganisms to determine their real potential value. Some primary screening techniques mentioned include using crowded plates, detecting organic acid production, and screening for antibiotic production. The document also discusses improving crowded plate techniques and the goals and approaches of secondary screening to evaluate a microorganism's potential for industrial use.
Single cell protein
Single cell protein (SCP) refers to protein extracted from pure cultures of microorganisms like yeast, algae, fungi and bacteria. It can be used as a protein supplement for humans and animals. SCP is produced by growing microorganisms on substrates through fermentation. The microbes are then harvested, processed and treated to isolate and purify the protein. SCP has potential advantages as a sustainable protein source but also risks if toxic microbes or byproducts are consumed.
MEDIA FORMULATION
This document provides an overview of media formulation for fermentation and bioprocessing. It discusses the types of media, including complex and synthetic media. The key requirements for formulated media are then outlined, including carbon sources, oxygen sources, water, nitrogen sources, minerals, growth factors, and antifoams. Specific examples are given for each requirement. The document emphasizes that media formulation is essential for successful laboratory experiments and manufacturing processes.
Phosphate solubilizers
This document discusses plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their ability to solubilize inorganic phosphate. Some key points:
- PGPR are bacteria that live in the rhizosphere and provide benefits to plants. An important function is solubilizing insoluble phosphate minerals making phosphorus available for plant uptake.
- Common insoluble phosphates include tricalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite. Bacteria secrete organic acids like lactic acid and acetic acid to solubilize these minerals.
- Successful phosphate solubilizing bacteria include species from Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobium genera. Screening methods involve checking for clearing zones
Application of computer in fermentation
This document summarizes the application of computers in fermentation. It discusses the initial use of computers in the 1960s for modeling fermentation processes. Computers are now used for logging process data, analyzing the data, and controlling fermentation processes. Sensors are used to monitor important factors like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and mineral/nutrient levels to provide data inputs for computer control and modeling of fermentation.
Scp
Single-cell protein (SCP), specifically yeast, algae, fungi and bacteria, is being investigated as a solution to the global food problem. SCP shows promise as an alternative protein source for both human and animal consumption. Key benefits include its high protein content, ease and speed of production, and ability to use waste materials as a substrate. However, SCP also faces challenges such as potentially high nucleic acid content and production costs that must be addressed. Continued research is needed to optimize SCP nutritional profiles and develop products that are cost-competitive and similar to familiar foods.
Single Cell Protein
This presentation explains the concept of the use of Single Cell protein as an alternative food source. It lists the source, production, advantages and disadvantages of the SCP.
Recommended
Single cell protein
This document discusses single cell proteins (SCP), which are dried cells of microorganisms that can be used as a dietary protein supplement. SCPs are produced using biomass as a raw material and various microorganisms like fungi, algae, and bacteria that are cultured on the biomass. The production involves selecting suitable microorganism strains, fermenting them, harvesting the cells, and processing them for use as a protein supplement in foods. SCPs have advantages like being a renewable source of protein but also have disadvantages like potentially high nucleic acid content.
Screening of industrial microorganisms
This document discusses screening techniques used to isolate microorganisms of interest from a population. It describes primary screening as an initial process to discard many non-useful microbes while detecting a small percentage that may have industrial applications. Secondary screening further tests the capabilities of these isolated microorganisms to determine their real potential value. Some primary screening techniques mentioned include using crowded plates, detecting organic acid production, and screening for antibiotic production. The document also discusses improving crowded plate techniques and the goals and approaches of secondary screening to evaluate a microorganism's potential for industrial use.
Single cell protein
Single cell protein (SCP) refers to protein extracted from pure cultures of microorganisms like yeast, algae, fungi and bacteria. It can be used as a protein supplement for humans and animals. SCP is produced by growing microorganisms on substrates through fermentation. The microbes are then harvested, processed and treated to isolate and purify the protein. SCP has potential advantages as a sustainable protein source but also risks if toxic microbes or byproducts are consumed.
MEDIA FORMULATION
This document provides an overview of media formulation for fermentation and bioprocessing. It discusses the types of media, including complex and synthetic media. The key requirements for formulated media are then outlined, including carbon sources, oxygen sources, water, nitrogen sources, minerals, growth factors, and antifoams. Specific examples are given for each requirement. The document emphasizes that media formulation is essential for successful laboratory experiments and manufacturing processes.
Phosphate solubilizers
This document discusses plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their ability to solubilize inorganic phosphate. Some key points:
- PGPR are bacteria that live in the rhizosphere and provide benefits to plants. An important function is solubilizing insoluble phosphate minerals making phosphorus available for plant uptake.
- Common insoluble phosphates include tricalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite. Bacteria secrete organic acids like lactic acid and acetic acid to solubilize these minerals.
- Successful phosphate solubilizing bacteria include species from Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobium genera. Screening methods involve checking for clearing zones
Application of computer in fermentation
This document summarizes the application of computers in fermentation. It discusses the initial use of computers in the 1960s for modeling fermentation processes. Computers are now used for logging process data, analyzing the data, and controlling fermentation processes. Sensors are used to monitor important factors like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and mineral/nutrient levels to provide data inputs for computer control and modeling of fermentation.
Scp
Single-cell protein (SCP), specifically yeast, algae, fungi and bacteria, is being investigated as a solution to the global food problem. SCP shows promise as an alternative protein source for both human and animal consumption. Key benefits include its high protein content, ease and speed of production, and ability to use waste materials as a substrate. However, SCP also faces challenges such as potentially high nucleic acid content and production costs that must be addressed. Continued research is needed to optimize SCP nutritional profiles and develop products that are cost-competitive and similar to familiar foods.
Single Cell Protein
This presentation explains the concept of the use of Single Cell protein as an alternative food source. It lists the source, production, advantages and disadvantages of the SCP.
Development of inoculum buildup
This document discusses the development of inoculum for industrial fermentation processes. It defines inoculum as a mixture of cultured microbes and the media they are growing in. The key steps in inoculum development are preparing a suitable growth media, maintaining optimal pH and nutrient levels, and conducting growth in stepwise increasing volumes. Examples of common inoculum media compositions are provided for vitamin and bacterial insecticide production processes. Developing high quality inoculum is important for efficiently adapting cultures to fermentation conditions.
insect resistance plant, bt gene
Introduction
Definition of an Insect Resistant Plant
What is the Bt gene?
History
The crystal ( cry)Proteins
Definition of cry protein
How does Bt work?
Mechanism of Bt toxicity
Mode of Action of Insecticidal Crystal Protein
Bt Technology
The Insect Resistance Problem
Advantages
Limitations
Conclusion
References
Industrial Microorganisms
Basic Knowledge about industrial microorganism. why industry choose microorganism rather than chemical. isolation technique of microorganism. source of microorganisms. Process of using microorganism. Disadvantages of using microorganisms in industry. Process of genetic modification of microorganisms. Storage process of microorganism. preservation methods of microorganism. Reculture methods of microorganism.
Microbial bioprocessing
This document discusses bioprocessing and its relationship to biotechnology. It defines bioprocessing as using living cells or their components to produce desired products. Bioprocessing involves upstream processing to extract raw materials, fermentation to culture microorganisms and convert materials, and downstream processing to purify fermented products. The document also notes that bioprocessing is a type of bioengineering which applies engineering and life science principles to tissues, cells and molecules.
Scope of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology
Industrial microbiology defined as the study of the large-scale and profit motivated production of microorganisms or their products for direct use, or as inputs in the manufacture of other goods.
PGPR
Thank you for the presentation. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria have great potential to enhance agricultural sustainability.
Biodegradation of xenobiotics
The document summarizes biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds, specifically petroleum hydrocarbons and pesticides. It discusses how various microorganisms can degrade these compounds through aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Key points include how bacteria and enzymes are able to break down petroleum, degrade pesticides, and transform toxic contaminants into less hazardous substances through microbial metabolic pathways and catabolic reactions. Recent research is also cited that studied biodegradation of crude oil by bacterial consortium in the marine environment.
fermentation range
This document provides an introduction to various fermentation processes and products commonly found in the Indian market, including probiotics and yogurt. It defines fermentation as the chemical transformation of organic substances by microorganisms like bacteria, molds, or yeasts. The document outlines five categories of fermentation processes and provides examples of probiotic microorganisms like various Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. It also lists the microbial contents of common probiotic supplements like Yakult and ViBact and discusses functional properties of yogurt like aiding lactose digestion and inhibiting harmful bacteria.
Batch, fedbatch and continuous fermentation
The document discusses different types of fermentation processes including batch, fed-batch, and continuous fermentation. It explains the key characteristics of each type such as whether the system is open or closed, and how substrates and cells are added or removed. The stages of microbial cell growth including lag phase, exponential phase, stationary phase, and death phase are also summarized for batch fermentation.
Surface and submerged fermentation
This PPt deals about types of fermentations such as surface and submerged fermentations principle, methods, applications, advantages and disadvantages
History of industrial microbiology
The practice of industrial microbiology has its roots in ancient times, when microorganisms were used to produce foods like bread, beer, wine, cheese, and vinegar dating back to 7000 BC. Important developments included the Egyptians discovering yeast could leaven bread around 4000 BC, and distillation of alcoholic spirits originating in China or the Middle East around the 14th century. In the 19th century, Pasteur's work proved the presence of microbes and discredited the theory of spontaneous generation, establishing the field of fermentation microbiology. The history of industrial microbiology is divided into five phases from pre-1900 focusing on products like alcohol to post-1979 utilizing genetic engineering for improved microbial and animal cell strain selection.
Organic acids production copy
Generally, organic acids are produced commercially either by chemical synthesis or fermentation. ... All organic acids of tricarboxylic acid cycle can be produced in high yields in microbiological processes. Among fermentation processes, the production of organic acids is dominated by submerged fermentation.
Solidstate fermentation and submerge fermentation
This document discusses solid state fermentation and provides details about the process. It describes that solid state fermentation involves fermentation using solids in the absence of free water, though some moisture is needed. Microorganisms like fungi grow on the surface of solid substrates to produce things like enzymes, organic acids, and flavors. Agriculture wastes are commonly used as substrates. Fungi like Trichoderma and Aspergillus species are widely used to produce hydrolytic enzymes. Tray fermenters and rotating drum reactors are two common types of bioreactors used in solid state fermentation.
Photobioreactor
A bioreactor is an installation for the production of microorganisms outside their natural but inside an artificial environment. The prefix “photo” particularly describes the bio-reactor's property to cultivate phototrophic microorganisms, or organisms which grow on by utilizing light energy.
These organisms use the process of photosynthesis to build their own biomass from light and carbon dioxide. Members of this group are Plants, Mosses, Microalgae, Cyanobacteria and Purple Bacteria.
Photobioreactor or PBR, is the controlled supply of specific environmental conditions for respective species.
Photobioreactor allows much higher growth rates and purity levels than anywhere in natural or habitats similar to nature.
The function of the bioreactor is to provide a suitable environment in
which an organism can efficiently produce a target product—the target product might be.
Cell biomass
Metabolite
Bioconversion Product
The performance of any bioreactor depends on the following key factors:
Agitation rate
Oxygen transfer
pH
Temperature
There is no universal bioreactor.
The general requirements of the bioreactor are as follows:
The design and construction of bioreactors must keep sterility from the start point to end of the process.
Optimal mixing with low, uniform shear.
Adequate mass transfer, oxygen.
Clearly defined flow conditions.
Feeding substrate with prevention of under or overdosing.
Suspension of solids.
Gentle heat transfer.
Compliance with design requirements such as: ability to be sterilized; simple construction; simple measuring, control, regulating techniques; scale-up; flexibility; long term stability; compatibility with up- downstream processes; antifoaming measures.
Endophytes
Endophytic microbes live within plant tissues without causing harm and can benefit plants through various mechanisms. This document discusses endophytic bacteria and fungi, their transmission within plants, and how they can promote plant growth, act as biocontrol agents, and increase stress tolerance in plants. Specifically, endophytes produce plant hormones, fix nitrogen, make nutrients more available, and induce systemic resistance to pathogens or tolerance to stresses like drought. Their interactions with plants demonstrate potential for agriculture and phytoremediation.
FERMENTATION TYPES .
This document summarizes two main types of fermentation processes: solid state fermentation and submerged fermentation. Solid state fermentation occurs without free water and uses natural raw materials like grains as the carbon source to cultivate microorganisms. Submerged fermentation uses a liquid substrate and is best for microbes that require high moisture. Both methods have various applications, with solid state fermentation used for producing enzymes, biopesticides, and in bioremediation, while submerged fermentation is common in industrial manufacturing.
Streptomycin production
Streptomycin is produced through the fermentation of Streptomyces griseus. The process involves 3 phases - an initial growth phase with little antibiotic production, a second phase where glucose is added and consumed along with ammonia, and a final phase where production ceases as cells lyse. Streptomycin is then recovered through filtration, acidification, and purification using column chromatography and precipitation in acetone before being dried and used to treat tuberculosis and other diseases.
Rhizobium
It is a biofertilizer that contains symbiotic Rhizobium bacteria which is the most important nitrogen-fixing organism. These organisms have the ability to drive atmospheric Nitrogen and provide it to plants. It is recommended for crops such as Groundnut, Soybean, Red-gram, Green-gram, Black-gram, Lentil, Cowpea, Bengal-gram and Fodder legumes, etc.
Bioreactors
Bioreactors are devices that cultivate organisms under controlled environmental conditions to produce desired products. They maintain sterile conditions for cell cultivation and growth. Bioreactors consist of parts like agitators, baffles, spargers, and jackets to mix contents, break vortexes, supply oxygen/air, and maintain temperature. There are different types of bioreactors including batch, fed-batch, continuous, bubble column, air lift, fluidized bed, and photo bioreactors which are specialized for fermentation using sunlight or artificial light.
Screening
This document summarizes screening techniques for industrially important microorganisms. It discusses primary and secondary screening. Primary screening involves isolating microorganisms of interest from environmental samples using selective media and techniques like dye indicators or crowded plates. Secondary screening further evaluates isolates for commercial value by identifying useful metabolites and determining optimal growth conditions. Examples provided are screening for organic acid, antibiotic, and extracellular metabolite producers. Secondary screening of antibiotic-producing Streptomyces involves measuring inhibition zones against test organisms.
Scp
This document discusses single cell protein (SCP) as an alternative protein source. It provides information on the protein content and amino acid composition of various microorganisms used for SCP production, including yeasts, fungi, bacteria and algae. Key microorganisms discussed are spirulina, chlorella, and various yeasts and fungal species. The document also covers the history of SCP, advantages over conventional proteins, factors impacting usefulness for human consumption, production methods, and substrates used.
Single cell protein
This document discusses single cell protein (SCP), which refers to microbial cells or protein extracted from pure microbial cells that can be used as a protein supplement for humans and animals. SCP has several advantages over traditional protein sources, such as faster growth rates and the ability to use a wide range of raw materials. However, SCP also has some limitations, such as high nucleic acid content and potential for contamination. The document describes various methods of SCP production using different substrates like ethanol, molasses, and carbon dioxide. It provides examples of specific SCP products and their properties and applications for human and animal consumption.
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Development of inoculum buildup
This document discusses the development of inoculum for industrial fermentation processes. It defines inoculum as a mixture of cultured microbes and the media they are growing in. The key steps in inoculum development are preparing a suitable growth media, maintaining optimal pH and nutrient levels, and conducting growth in stepwise increasing volumes. Examples of common inoculum media compositions are provided for vitamin and bacterial insecticide production processes. Developing high quality inoculum is important for efficiently adapting cultures to fermentation conditions.
insect resistance plant, bt gene
Introduction
Definition of an Insect Resistant Plant
What is the Bt gene?
History
The crystal ( cry)Proteins
Definition of cry protein
How does Bt work?
Mechanism of Bt toxicity
Mode of Action of Insecticidal Crystal Protein
Bt Technology
The Insect Resistance Problem
Advantages
Limitations
Conclusion
References
Industrial Microorganisms
Basic Knowledge about industrial microorganism. why industry choose microorganism rather than chemical. isolation technique of microorganism. source of microorganisms. Process of using microorganism. Disadvantages of using microorganisms in industry. Process of genetic modification of microorganisms. Storage process of microorganism. preservation methods of microorganism. Reculture methods of microorganism.
Microbial bioprocessing
This document discusses bioprocessing and its relationship to biotechnology. It defines bioprocessing as using living cells or their components to produce desired products. Bioprocessing involves upstream processing to extract raw materials, fermentation to culture microorganisms and convert materials, and downstream processing to purify fermented products. The document also notes that bioprocessing is a type of bioengineering which applies engineering and life science principles to tissues, cells and molecules.
Scope of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology
Industrial microbiology defined as the study of the large-scale and profit motivated production of microorganisms or their products for direct use, or as inputs in the manufacture of other goods.
PGPR
Thank you for the presentation. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria have great potential to enhance agricultural sustainability.
Biodegradation of xenobiotics
The document summarizes biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds, specifically petroleum hydrocarbons and pesticides. It discusses how various microorganisms can degrade these compounds through aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Key points include how bacteria and enzymes are able to break down petroleum, degrade pesticides, and transform toxic contaminants into less hazardous substances through microbial metabolic pathways and catabolic reactions. Recent research is also cited that studied biodegradation of crude oil by bacterial consortium in the marine environment.
fermentation range
This document provides an introduction to various fermentation processes and products commonly found in the Indian market, including probiotics and yogurt. It defines fermentation as the chemical transformation of organic substances by microorganisms like bacteria, molds, or yeasts. The document outlines five categories of fermentation processes and provides examples of probiotic microorganisms like various Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. It also lists the microbial contents of common probiotic supplements like Yakult and ViBact and discusses functional properties of yogurt like aiding lactose digestion and inhibiting harmful bacteria.
Batch, fedbatch and continuous fermentation
The document discusses different types of fermentation processes including batch, fed-batch, and continuous fermentation. It explains the key characteristics of each type such as whether the system is open or closed, and how substrates and cells are added or removed. The stages of microbial cell growth including lag phase, exponential phase, stationary phase, and death phase are also summarized for batch fermentation.
Surface and submerged fermentation
This PPt deals about types of fermentations such as surface and submerged fermentations principle, methods, applications, advantages and disadvantages
History of industrial microbiology
The practice of industrial microbiology has its roots in ancient times, when microorganisms were used to produce foods like bread, beer, wine, cheese, and vinegar dating back to 7000 BC. Important developments included the Egyptians discovering yeast could leaven bread around 4000 BC, and distillation of alcoholic spirits originating in China or the Middle East around the 14th century. In the 19th century, Pasteur's work proved the presence of microbes and discredited the theory of spontaneous generation, establishing the field of fermentation microbiology. The history of industrial microbiology is divided into five phases from pre-1900 focusing on products like alcohol to post-1979 utilizing genetic engineering for improved microbial and animal cell strain selection.
Organic acids production copy
Generally, organic acids are produced commercially either by chemical synthesis or fermentation. ... All organic acids of tricarboxylic acid cycle can be produced in high yields in microbiological processes. Among fermentation processes, the production of organic acids is dominated by submerged fermentation.
Solidstate fermentation and submerge fermentation
This document discusses solid state fermentation and provides details about the process. It describes that solid state fermentation involves fermentation using solids in the absence of free water, though some moisture is needed. Microorganisms like fungi grow on the surface of solid substrates to produce things like enzymes, organic acids, and flavors. Agriculture wastes are commonly used as substrates. Fungi like Trichoderma and Aspergillus species are widely used to produce hydrolytic enzymes. Tray fermenters and rotating drum reactors are two common types of bioreactors used in solid state fermentation.
Photobioreactor
A bioreactor is an installation for the production of microorganisms outside their natural but inside an artificial environment. The prefix “photo” particularly describes the bio-reactor's property to cultivate phototrophic microorganisms, or organisms which grow on by utilizing light energy.
These organisms use the process of photosynthesis to build their own biomass from light and carbon dioxide. Members of this group are Plants, Mosses, Microalgae, Cyanobacteria and Purple Bacteria.
Photobioreactor or PBR, is the controlled supply of specific environmental conditions for respective species.
Photobioreactor allows much higher growth rates and purity levels than anywhere in natural or habitats similar to nature.
The function of the bioreactor is to provide a suitable environment in
which an organism can efficiently produce a target product—the target product might be.
Cell biomass
Metabolite
Bioconversion Product
The performance of any bioreactor depends on the following key factors:
Agitation rate
Oxygen transfer
pH
Temperature
There is no universal bioreactor.
The general requirements of the bioreactor are as follows:
The design and construction of bioreactors must keep sterility from the start point to end of the process.
Optimal mixing with low, uniform shear.
Adequate mass transfer, oxygen.
Clearly defined flow conditions.
Feeding substrate with prevention of under or overdosing.
Suspension of solids.
Gentle heat transfer.
Compliance with design requirements such as: ability to be sterilized; simple construction; simple measuring, control, regulating techniques; scale-up; flexibility; long term stability; compatibility with up- downstream processes; antifoaming measures.
Endophytes
Endophytic microbes live within plant tissues without causing harm and can benefit plants through various mechanisms. This document discusses endophytic bacteria and fungi, their transmission within plants, and how they can promote plant growth, act as biocontrol agents, and increase stress tolerance in plants. Specifically, endophytes produce plant hormones, fix nitrogen, make nutrients more available, and induce systemic resistance to pathogens or tolerance to stresses like drought. Their interactions with plants demonstrate potential for agriculture and phytoremediation.
FERMENTATION TYPES .
This document summarizes two main types of fermentation processes: solid state fermentation and submerged fermentation. Solid state fermentation occurs without free water and uses natural raw materials like grains as the carbon source to cultivate microorganisms. Submerged fermentation uses a liquid substrate and is best for microbes that require high moisture. Both methods have various applications, with solid state fermentation used for producing enzymes, biopesticides, and in bioremediation, while submerged fermentation is common in industrial manufacturing.
Streptomycin production
Streptomycin is produced through the fermentation of Streptomyces griseus. The process involves 3 phases - an initial growth phase with little antibiotic production, a second phase where glucose is added and consumed along with ammonia, and a final phase where production ceases as cells lyse. Streptomycin is then recovered through filtration, acidification, and purification using column chromatography and precipitation in acetone before being dried and used to treat tuberculosis and other diseases.
Rhizobium
It is a biofertilizer that contains symbiotic Rhizobium bacteria which is the most important nitrogen-fixing organism. These organisms have the ability to drive atmospheric Nitrogen and provide it to plants. It is recommended for crops such as Groundnut, Soybean, Red-gram, Green-gram, Black-gram, Lentil, Cowpea, Bengal-gram and Fodder legumes, etc.
Bioreactors
Bioreactors are devices that cultivate organisms under controlled environmental conditions to produce desired products. They maintain sterile conditions for cell cultivation and growth. Bioreactors consist of parts like agitators, baffles, spargers, and jackets to mix contents, break vortexes, supply oxygen/air, and maintain temperature. There are different types of bioreactors including batch, fed-batch, continuous, bubble column, air lift, fluidized bed, and photo bioreactors which are specialized for fermentation using sunlight or artificial light.
Screening
This document summarizes screening techniques for industrially important microorganisms. It discusses primary and secondary screening. Primary screening involves isolating microorganisms of interest from environmental samples using selective media and techniques like dye indicators or crowded plates. Secondary screening further evaluates isolates for commercial value by identifying useful metabolites and determining optimal growth conditions. Examples provided are screening for organic acid, antibiotic, and extracellular metabolite producers. Secondary screening of antibiotic-producing Streptomyces involves measuring inhibition zones against test organisms.
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Scp
This document discusses single cell protein (SCP) as an alternative protein source. It provides information on the protein content and amino acid composition of various microorganisms used for SCP production, including yeasts, fungi, bacteria and algae. Key microorganisms discussed are spirulina, chlorella, and various yeasts and fungal species. The document also covers the history of SCP, advantages over conventional proteins, factors impacting usefulness for human consumption, production methods, and substrates used.
Single cell protein
This document discusses single cell protein (SCP), which refers to microbial cells or protein extracted from pure microbial cells that can be used as a protein supplement for humans and animals. SCP has several advantages over traditional protein sources, such as faster growth rates and the ability to use a wide range of raw materials. However, SCP also has some limitations, such as high nucleic acid content and potential for contamination. The document describes various methods of SCP production using different substrates like ethanol, molasses, and carbon dioxide. It provides examples of specific SCP products and their properties and applications for human and animal consumption.
Single cell protien
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Simgle cell protien
This document provides an introduction to single cell protein production. It discusses that single cell protein is a protein extracted from cultured microorganisms and used as a substitute for protein-rich foods, especially in animal feeds. It then goes on to describe the history of single cell protein, the microorganisms used for production such as yeasts, bacteria and algae, and the methods of cultivation including submerged and semisolid fermentation.
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øVerland algae research 15 11 2012 web
Microalgae have potential as a fish feed ingredient. Research is evaluating the nutritional value and functional properties of different microalgae species. Preliminary results found that Nannochloropsis oceania, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and Isochrysis galbana vary in their protein, lipid, and amino acid content. Feeding microalgae may help reduce soybean meal-induced inflammation in salmon intestines. Further research is needed to improve the digestibility and cost-effectiveness of producing microalgae at commercial scales for use as sustainable fish feed ingredients.
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A NEW PROTEIN SOURCE FOR FEED
Calysta, the company developing and introducing a new protein source based on single-cell organisms - a bacterium called methylococcus – and destined for inclusion in fishfeeds, has built a ‘market introduction facility’ in Teesside, England, with production beginning in this last quarter of 2016.
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Single Cell Protein
- 2. The dried cells of microorganisms (algae, bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi)used as food or feed are collectively known as “microbial protein” It was newly termed as “single-cell protein” in 1967 at MIT Cambridge.
- 3. • No. of microbes as a part of diet • 16th century – spirulina was consumed as source of protein • 1980 – Esrtwhile U.S.S.R – largest producer of SCP (1.1 million tonnes/year)
- 4. C6H12O6 NH3 C6H7O3NH2 3H2O Glucose nutrients Microbial biomass (ash free)
- 10. High-energy sources (bacteria) Waste products (fungi) Carbon-di-oxide (algae) Agriculture & forestry sources (cellulose) SUBSTRATES Microorganism s (algae, bacteria, fungi, yeast and actinomycetes) – substrates for SCP production
- 13. • Microscopic algae & well – accepted food world over. • A simple, one-celled form of (blue green) algae that thrives in warm, fresh-water bodies. • It contains the most remarkable concentration and combination of nutrients known in any food, plant, grain or herb. • It contains 65 - 70 % protein.
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- 15. • Two types - under operation • Third type – enclosed system : transparent tube, biocoil or photobioreacter – under development
- 17. SEMI NATURAL LAKE SYSTEM 1. ideal environment for natural growth 2. Product – expensive, low quality 3. SCP – good for fish and animal feed ARTIFICIALLY BUILT CULTIVATION SYSTEM 1. Climatic condition favor mass outdoor production.
- 18. CLEAN WATER SYSTEM • More expensive • Shallow raceway ponds circulated with paddle wheels • High quality nutrients • Rapid growth – sodium nitrite & sodium bicarbonate • Initial PH of water – 8.5 • Self adjusted pH : 10-10.5 • PH – least chance of contamination • Product in India & Abroad – heath food, baby food & multi vitamin tablets
- 19. Wet slurry is washed and collected Removing the moisture
- 20. WASTE WATER SYSTEM • After full growth- pond is screened & added to aquaculture - feed fish • Dried in solar drier – human feed • For growth – animal & human wastes & sewage • Waste digester settle as solid particles • Nutrient source – liquid effluents added in artificially constructed ponds • Growth - sodium nitrite & sodium bicarbonate
- 21. Spirulina tanks Collecting the harvest
- 22. Requirements for growth of spirulina Algal tanks Light Temperature pH Agitation Harvesting Drying Cultivation yield
- 23. Algal tanks • Rectangular / circular cemented tanks • Circular tanks – ease of handling • Depth – 25cm • Open tanks – tropical & sub-tropical regions Light • Spirulina – low light intensity (photolysis occurs in high light intensity)
- 24. Temperature • Optimum temperature : 35-45 c pH • Requires high pH of 8.5-10.5 • Initially maintained at 8.5 & automatically elevated to 10.5
- 25. Agitation • To achieve good quality & better yield • Agitation by brush, paddle power, pipe pumps, wind power, rotators. Harvesting • It floats on water by forming a thick mat. • Harvested by fine steel screens, nylon / cotton cloths.
- 26. Drying • Sun drying – most suitable & economical (it has thin cell wall) • Better results – CFTRI Yield • Average yield : 8-12g/m2/day Avoiding contaminati on • Microbial load –affect safety & quality • Safety limits to be maintained – incorporation into baby foods • Dried spirulina – packed in aluminium bags / sealed in bottles
- 29. Cosmetics (replace carcinogenic cosmetics Therapeutic & natural medicine (weight loss, reduce blood glucose) Health food (multi-vitamin powder) Protein supplement (60-72%)
- 30. Decide species & procure the seeds Grow seeds in specific medium Culture is well- developed Transfer to large flask to increase the volume of inoculum Inoculum is well- developed Transfer to small outdoor ponds or large outdoor ponds Pond shows sufficient growth of spirulina Filter & remove algae from water Wash with fresh water to remove chemicals adhere to it Wet mass- dry in spray / freeze drier Spirulina (final product)