Neutropenia
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Neutropenia, pronounced noo-troh-PEE-nee-uh, is a decrease in the number of white blood cells. These cells are the body’s main defense against infection. Neutropenia is common after receiving chemotherapy and increases your risk for infections.
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Neutropenia
Neutropenia is defined as an abnormally low absolute neutrophil count (ANC) below 1,500/uL. It can be caused by infection, drugs, chemotherapy, radiation, autoimmune disorders, or genetic conditions. Common symptoms include oral infections and skin infections. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the neutropenia but may include antibiotics, growth factors, treating the underlying cause, or supportive care. Febrile neutropenia requires prompt treatment with IV antibiotics and hospitalization for high-risk patients.
Leukemia
It is a malignant disease of a blood forming organs. The common feature of leukemia is an unregulated proliferation of white blood cells (WBCs) in the bone marrow.
Lymphoma
This document discusses lymphoma, a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system. It defines lymphoma as malignant neoplasms originating in bone marrow and lymphatic structures, causing abnormal lymphocyte proliferation. There are two main types: Hodgkin's lymphoma, originating from specific white blood cells, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a diverse group of lymphomas excluding Hodgkin's. The document outlines diagnostic tests, management including chemotherapy, radiation therapy and stem cell transplantation, as well as nursing considerations for lymphoma patients.
Leukopenias
This document discusses leukopenia, which is a low white blood cell count. It defines leukopenia and outlines its various causes such as cancer, infections, medications, and nutritional deficiencies. Symptoms are related to an increased risk of infection. Diagnosis involves a complete blood count showing low white blood cell levels. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause, using medications to stimulate white blood cell production, following an immunocompromised diet, and preventing infections.
Leukemia
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow that results in abnormal blood cell production and accumulation. The main types are acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Risk factors include genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Treatment involves chemotherapy, corticosteroids, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, targeted therapy, or biological therapy to destroy leukemia cells and restore normal blood cell production. Nursing care focuses on managing side effects, preventing infections, providing education and support, and monitoring the patient's condition and response to treatment.
Agranulocytosis
Agranulocytosis is a condition involving a severe decrease in neutrophils in the blood, increasing the risk of infection. It can be caused by decreased neutrophil production due to conditions like aplastic anemia or cancer treatments, or increased neutrophil destruction from infections, autoimmune disorders, or drug reactions. Symptoms include fever, chills, and mouth sores. Diagnosis is made through blood tests showing very low neutrophil counts. Treatment focuses on managing infections with antibiotics, stimulating new neutrophil production with growth factors, and addressing any underlying causes.
Leukopenia
This document discusses leukopenia, a condition characterized by a reduced number of white blood cells. It identifies several potential causes of leukopenia, including viral and bacterial infections, cancers, autoimmune disorders, malnutrition, and bone marrow diseases. Symptoms of leukopenia include increased risk of infection. The document outlines methods for diagnosing leukopenia via blood tests and bone marrow biopsy and treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, or bone marrow transplant. It recommends lifestyle practices like rest, good hygiene and nutrition to help prevent infection for those with leukopenia.
Plasmapheresis
Plasmapheresis is a blood purification procedure that involves removing plasma from the blood and returning blood cells to the body. It is used to treat various autoimmune diseases by removing pathogenic antibodies from the bloodstream. The plasmapheresis procedure separates plasma from blood cells using a cell separator machine, removes the plasma, and returns the blood cells to the body while discarding the extracted plasma. Potential risks include dizziness, nausea, and hypotension, while benefits are temporary reduction of antibody levels and symptom improvement.
Recommended
Neutropenia
Neutropenia is defined as an abnormally low absolute neutrophil count (ANC) below 1,500/uL. It can be caused by infection, drugs, chemotherapy, radiation, autoimmune disorders, or genetic conditions. Common symptoms include oral infections and skin infections. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the neutropenia but may include antibiotics, growth factors, treating the underlying cause, or supportive care. Febrile neutropenia requires prompt treatment with IV antibiotics and hospitalization for high-risk patients.
Leukemia
It is a malignant disease of a blood forming organs. The common feature of leukemia is an unregulated proliferation of white blood cells (WBCs) in the bone marrow.
Lymphoma
This document discusses lymphoma, a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system. It defines lymphoma as malignant neoplasms originating in bone marrow and lymphatic structures, causing abnormal lymphocyte proliferation. There are two main types: Hodgkin's lymphoma, originating from specific white blood cells, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a diverse group of lymphomas excluding Hodgkin's. The document outlines diagnostic tests, management including chemotherapy, radiation therapy and stem cell transplantation, as well as nursing considerations for lymphoma patients.
Leukopenias
This document discusses leukopenia, which is a low white blood cell count. It defines leukopenia and outlines its various causes such as cancer, infections, medications, and nutritional deficiencies. Symptoms are related to an increased risk of infection. Diagnosis involves a complete blood count showing low white blood cell levels. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause, using medications to stimulate white blood cell production, following an immunocompromised diet, and preventing infections.
Leukemia
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow that results in abnormal blood cell production and accumulation. The main types are acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Risk factors include genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Treatment involves chemotherapy, corticosteroids, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, targeted therapy, or biological therapy to destroy leukemia cells and restore normal blood cell production. Nursing care focuses on managing side effects, preventing infections, providing education and support, and monitoring the patient's condition and response to treatment.
Agranulocytosis
Agranulocytosis is a condition involving a severe decrease in neutrophils in the blood, increasing the risk of infection. It can be caused by decreased neutrophil production due to conditions like aplastic anemia or cancer treatments, or increased neutrophil destruction from infections, autoimmune disorders, or drug reactions. Symptoms include fever, chills, and mouth sores. Diagnosis is made through blood tests showing very low neutrophil counts. Treatment focuses on managing infections with antibiotics, stimulating new neutrophil production with growth factors, and addressing any underlying causes.
Leukopenia
This document discusses leukopenia, a condition characterized by a reduced number of white blood cells. It identifies several potential causes of leukopenia, including viral and bacterial infections, cancers, autoimmune disorders, malnutrition, and bone marrow diseases. Symptoms of leukopenia include increased risk of infection. The document outlines methods for diagnosing leukopenia via blood tests and bone marrow biopsy and treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, or bone marrow transplant. It recommends lifestyle practices like rest, good hygiene and nutrition to help prevent infection for those with leukopenia.
Plasmapheresis
Plasmapheresis is a blood purification procedure that involves removing plasma from the blood and returning blood cells to the body. It is used to treat various autoimmune diseases by removing pathogenic antibodies from the bloodstream. The plasmapheresis procedure separates plasma from blood cells using a cell separator machine, removes the plasma, and returns the blood cells to the body while discarding the extracted plasma. Potential risks include dizziness, nausea, and hypotension, while benefits are temporary reduction of antibody levels and symptom improvement.
Haemolytic anaemias
Haemolytic anaemias are a group of anemias caused by the premature breakdown of red blood cells in the bloodstream or spleen. There are two main types - intrinsic defects that cause red blood cell damage from within, such as hereditary spherocytosis, and extrinsic defects that cause damage from outside factors like immune mediated hemolysis. Symptoms include anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly and gallstones. Laboratory tests show signs of increased red blood cell breakdown like elevated bilirubin and LDH, as well as signs of the bone marrow attempting to compensate with reticulocytosis and nucleated red blood cells. Intravascular hemolysis specifically causes hemoglobinemia,
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low platelet counts. It has many potential causes, including decreased platelet production in the bone marrow due to things like cancer, viruses, medications, or liver/kidney disease. It can also be caused by increased platelet destruction, such as in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Symptoms range from bruising and bleeding to internal bleeding in severe cases. Diagnosis involves blood tests to check the platelet count and rule out underlying conditions. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications, splenectomy, platelet transfusions, or changing medications that are causing the low platelet count.
Types of shock
The document discusses the different types of shock: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, circulatory (septic, neurogenic, anaphylactic), and endocrine shock. It provides details on the causes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, medical management, and nursing management of each type of shock. The primary types covered are hypovolemic, cardiogenic, septic, neurogenic, and anaphylactic shock.
Bone marrow aspiration
Bone marrow aspiration is a procedure where a needle is inserted into the bone marrow to obtain a tissue sample. It is used to diagnose or stage diseases like leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The nurse's roles include preparing equipment aseptically, assisting the doctor during the procedure, monitoring the client's vital signs, and observing the client post-procedure to check for complications like bleeding or infection.
Myeloma
Myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that develops in the bone marrow. It causes abnormalities in plasma cells which invade and destroy bone tissue, causing pain, fractures, and other symptoms. Risk factors include genetic abnormalities and exposure to chemicals, radiation, or certain infections. Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging to detect myeloma cells and bone damage. While rarely curable, myeloma is treatable through chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, radiation, and surgery to strengthen weakened bones. Nursing care focuses on monitoring the patient, providing psychological support, preventing infections, and educating the patient and family.
shock
The document discusses different types of shock including hypovolumic, cardiogenic, septic, anaphylactic, and neurogenic shock. It defines shock as systemic hypoperfusion caused by reduced cardiac output or effective circulatory blood volume. Key signs are hypotension, tissue hypoperfusion, cellular hypoxia, and potential end organ dysfunction. Management involves treating the underlying cause, restoring circulating volume, providing vasoactive drugs and oxygenation support, and monitoring for multiple organ failure in intensive care. Prognosis depends on the shock type and duration, with septic and cardiogenic shock having higher mortality risks.
Liver biopsy
The document discusses the anatomy and function of the liver. It provides details on different types of liver biopsies including percutaneous, transjugular, and laparoscopic biopsies. The key indications for liver biopsy are diagnosing and evaluating various liver diseases, while risks include pain, bleeding, and rare life-threatening complications. Percutaneous biopsy is the most common approach but transjugular may be preferred in patients with coagulopathy.
Leukemias
This document provides an overview of leukemias, including:
- Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow that results in an overproduction of immature white blood cells.
- There are four main types: acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia.
- Signs and symptoms vary depending on the type but can include fatigue, infections, anemia, bruising/bleeding, and enlargement of the liver and spleen.
- Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and other exams. Treatment involves chemotherapy, targeted therapies, radiation, stem cell transplant, and management of symptoms.
Aplastic anemia
Aplastic anemia is a rare blood disorder where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient new blood cells, leading to anemia, low white blood cell count, and low platelet count. It can be inherited or acquired due to exposure to toxins, medications, viruses, or autoimmune disorders. Symptoms include fatigue, bruising, and increased risk of infection. Treatment involves blood transfusions, immunosuppressive drugs, bone marrow transplant, or growth factors to stimulate blood cell production.
Blood transfusion
This document provides information about blood transfusion, including its definition, purposes, components, blood grouping and cross matching, types of transfusions, general instructions, and complications. Blood transfusion involves collecting blood from a donor and administering it to a recipient. It can be used to treat anemia, restore blood volume after hemorrhaging, and provide antibodies or clotting factors. Blood components include whole blood, packed red blood cells, plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate. Cross matching must ensure compatibility of blood types and Rh factor. Potential complications include acute and delayed hemolytic reactions, circulatory overload, and infections.
Leukemia
This document provides information about acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It discusses that ALL is a cancer of the lymphoid cells that is most common in children. The document covers the classification, immunologic subtypes, cytogenetic abnormalities, clinical features, diagnostic measures, and hematological and histological findings of ALL. It describes that ALL is diagnosed based on complete blood count, peripheral smear, bone marrow biopsy and cytogenetic/flow cytometry analysis. The key diagnostic findings include anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia and lymphoblasts in the bone marrow.
Polycythemia
Polycythemia is an abnormally increased concentration of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. There are several types including primary, secondary, relative, and stress polycythemia. Symptoms result from increased blood volume and viscosity and include fatigue, headache, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing elevated red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels. Treatment may include phlebotomy to reduce blood volume, medications to decrease blood cell production, and lifestyle changes like exercise and avoiding tobacco. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for blood clots, administering treatments, providing skin care and pain management.
Shock
Shock, definition, types, causes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnostic evaluation, management
Polycythemia vera
Polycythemia Vera is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by an overproduction of red blood cells from bone marrow due to a mutation in the JAK2 gene. This leads to thickening of the blood and complications like blood clots and spleen enlargement. It is diagnosed through blood tests showing increased red blood cells. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on reducing blood cell counts through regular blood removal and medications to suppress bone marrow production and stimulate the immune system.
Lymphoma
Lymphoma is cancer that begins in the lymph system. There are two main types: Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hodgkin's lymphoma is characterized by the presence of Reed Sternberg cells. Diagnosis involves lymph node biopsy and staging tests. Treatment depends on stage but may include chemotherapy, radiation, or stem cell transplant. Nursing focuses on managing pain, infection risk, nutrition, and activity tolerance.
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopaenia, or low platelet count, can be caused by decreased platelet production or increased platelet destruction. Causes of decreased production include bone marrow diseases and medications. Increased destruction can be due to immune-mediated causes like Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) or non-immune causes like disseminated intravascular coagulation. ITP is caused by autoantibodies that bind to and destroy platelets, and presents with mild bleeding and a normal bone marrow with increased megakaryocytes. Thrombocytopaenia is diagnosed based on blood counts, smear, and ruling out other potential causes through testing and history. Treatment depends on severity but
Neutrophilia
This document discusses neutrophilia, which is an increased number of neutrophils in the blood. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that helps fight infections. Neutrophilia can be caused by infections, inflammation, smoking, stress, and other factors. Symptoms may include bleeding, low body temperature, and respiratory issues. The absolute neutrophil count is used to define neutrophilia as greater than 8,000 cells per cubic mm. Treatment involves identifying the underlying cause, bone marrow testing, medication changes, and lifestyle modifications to support the immune system.
Lung tumor
A lung tumor is an abnormal rate of cell division or cell death in lung tissue or in the airways that lead to the lungs.
Leukemia
Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It results from abnormal proliferation of white blood cells. There are four main types of leukemia - acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Leukemia is treated through chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy or stem cell transplant depending on the type and stage of leukemia. Nursing care focuses on managing side effects of treatment, preventing infections, maintaining nutrition, providing education and supporting the psychological needs of the patient.
LEUKEMIA
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow that results in an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells. The main types are acute and chronic leukemias, which are further classified as lymphocytic or myeloid. Symptoms can include fatigue, fever, bone/joint pain, and easy bruising/bleeding. Risk factors include age, genetics, radiation exposure, and viruses. Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and other exams. Treatment may include chemotherapy, radiation, stem cell transplant, or targeted therapies. Some herbal treatments like garlic, licorice root, and turmeric may help due to anti-cancer properties.
Neutropenia Julio 09
Este documento describe la neutropenia en la infancia, incluyendo su definición, clasificación, factores de riesgo de infección, tipos de infección, etiología, diagnóstico, tratamiento del episodio febril y consideraciones específicas para la neutropenia neonatal, autoinmune, cíclica y congénita grave como la enfermedad de Kostmann.
Abordaje de las neutropenias
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de neutropenia, sus causas, características y tratamientos. En particular, se discute la neutropenia adquirida en niños menores de un año, encontrando que está asociada con infecciones por CMV, trombocitosis y una recuperación prolongada de más de tres meses. También se analizan otros tipos como la neutropenia autoinmune, cíclica, congénita y aquella asociada con medicamentos.
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Haemolytic anaemias
Haemolytic anaemias are a group of anemias caused by the premature breakdown of red blood cells in the bloodstream or spleen. There are two main types - intrinsic defects that cause red blood cell damage from within, such as hereditary spherocytosis, and extrinsic defects that cause damage from outside factors like immune mediated hemolysis. Symptoms include anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly and gallstones. Laboratory tests show signs of increased red blood cell breakdown like elevated bilirubin and LDH, as well as signs of the bone marrow attempting to compensate with reticulocytosis and nucleated red blood cells. Intravascular hemolysis specifically causes hemoglobinemia,
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low platelet counts. It has many potential causes, including decreased platelet production in the bone marrow due to things like cancer, viruses, medications, or liver/kidney disease. It can also be caused by increased platelet destruction, such as in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Symptoms range from bruising and bleeding to internal bleeding in severe cases. Diagnosis involves blood tests to check the platelet count and rule out underlying conditions. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications, splenectomy, platelet transfusions, or changing medications that are causing the low platelet count.
Types of shock
The document discusses the different types of shock: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, circulatory (septic, neurogenic, anaphylactic), and endocrine shock. It provides details on the causes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, medical management, and nursing management of each type of shock. The primary types covered are hypovolemic, cardiogenic, septic, neurogenic, and anaphylactic shock.
Bone marrow aspiration
Bone marrow aspiration is a procedure where a needle is inserted into the bone marrow to obtain a tissue sample. It is used to diagnose or stage diseases like leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The nurse's roles include preparing equipment aseptically, assisting the doctor during the procedure, monitoring the client's vital signs, and observing the client post-procedure to check for complications like bleeding or infection.
Myeloma
Myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that develops in the bone marrow. It causes abnormalities in plasma cells which invade and destroy bone tissue, causing pain, fractures, and other symptoms. Risk factors include genetic abnormalities and exposure to chemicals, radiation, or certain infections. Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging to detect myeloma cells and bone damage. While rarely curable, myeloma is treatable through chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, radiation, and surgery to strengthen weakened bones. Nursing care focuses on monitoring the patient, providing psychological support, preventing infections, and educating the patient and family.
shock
The document discusses different types of shock including hypovolumic, cardiogenic, septic, anaphylactic, and neurogenic shock. It defines shock as systemic hypoperfusion caused by reduced cardiac output or effective circulatory blood volume. Key signs are hypotension, tissue hypoperfusion, cellular hypoxia, and potential end organ dysfunction. Management involves treating the underlying cause, restoring circulating volume, providing vasoactive drugs and oxygenation support, and monitoring for multiple organ failure in intensive care. Prognosis depends on the shock type and duration, with septic and cardiogenic shock having higher mortality risks.
Liver biopsy
The document discusses the anatomy and function of the liver. It provides details on different types of liver biopsies including percutaneous, transjugular, and laparoscopic biopsies. The key indications for liver biopsy are diagnosing and evaluating various liver diseases, while risks include pain, bleeding, and rare life-threatening complications. Percutaneous biopsy is the most common approach but transjugular may be preferred in patients with coagulopathy.
Leukemias
This document provides an overview of leukemias, including:
- Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow that results in an overproduction of immature white blood cells.
- There are four main types: acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia.
- Signs and symptoms vary depending on the type but can include fatigue, infections, anemia, bruising/bleeding, and enlargement of the liver and spleen.
- Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and other exams. Treatment involves chemotherapy, targeted therapies, radiation, stem cell transplant, and management of symptoms.
Aplastic anemia
Aplastic anemia is a rare blood disorder where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient new blood cells, leading to anemia, low white blood cell count, and low platelet count. It can be inherited or acquired due to exposure to toxins, medications, viruses, or autoimmune disorders. Symptoms include fatigue, bruising, and increased risk of infection. Treatment involves blood transfusions, immunosuppressive drugs, bone marrow transplant, or growth factors to stimulate blood cell production.
Blood transfusion
This document provides information about blood transfusion, including its definition, purposes, components, blood grouping and cross matching, types of transfusions, general instructions, and complications. Blood transfusion involves collecting blood from a donor and administering it to a recipient. It can be used to treat anemia, restore blood volume after hemorrhaging, and provide antibodies or clotting factors. Blood components include whole blood, packed red blood cells, plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate. Cross matching must ensure compatibility of blood types and Rh factor. Potential complications include acute and delayed hemolytic reactions, circulatory overload, and infections.
Leukemia
This document provides information about acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It discusses that ALL is a cancer of the lymphoid cells that is most common in children. The document covers the classification, immunologic subtypes, cytogenetic abnormalities, clinical features, diagnostic measures, and hematological and histological findings of ALL. It describes that ALL is diagnosed based on complete blood count, peripheral smear, bone marrow biopsy and cytogenetic/flow cytometry analysis. The key diagnostic findings include anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia and lymphoblasts in the bone marrow.
Polycythemia
Polycythemia is an abnormally increased concentration of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. There are several types including primary, secondary, relative, and stress polycythemia. Symptoms result from increased blood volume and viscosity and include fatigue, headache, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing elevated red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels. Treatment may include phlebotomy to reduce blood volume, medications to decrease blood cell production, and lifestyle changes like exercise and avoiding tobacco. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for blood clots, administering treatments, providing skin care and pain management.
Shock
Shock, definition, types, causes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnostic evaluation, management
Polycythemia vera
Polycythemia Vera is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by an overproduction of red blood cells from bone marrow due to a mutation in the JAK2 gene. This leads to thickening of the blood and complications like blood clots and spleen enlargement. It is diagnosed through blood tests showing increased red blood cells. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on reducing blood cell counts through regular blood removal and medications to suppress bone marrow production and stimulate the immune system.
Lymphoma
Lymphoma is cancer that begins in the lymph system. There are two main types: Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hodgkin's lymphoma is characterized by the presence of Reed Sternberg cells. Diagnosis involves lymph node biopsy and staging tests. Treatment depends on stage but may include chemotherapy, radiation, or stem cell transplant. Nursing focuses on managing pain, infection risk, nutrition, and activity tolerance.
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopaenia, or low platelet count, can be caused by decreased platelet production or increased platelet destruction. Causes of decreased production include bone marrow diseases and medications. Increased destruction can be due to immune-mediated causes like Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) or non-immune causes like disseminated intravascular coagulation. ITP is caused by autoantibodies that bind to and destroy platelets, and presents with mild bleeding and a normal bone marrow with increased megakaryocytes. Thrombocytopaenia is diagnosed based on blood counts, smear, and ruling out other potential causes through testing and history. Treatment depends on severity but
Neutrophilia
This document discusses neutrophilia, which is an increased number of neutrophils in the blood. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that helps fight infections. Neutrophilia can be caused by infections, inflammation, smoking, stress, and other factors. Symptoms may include bleeding, low body temperature, and respiratory issues. The absolute neutrophil count is used to define neutrophilia as greater than 8,000 cells per cubic mm. Treatment involves identifying the underlying cause, bone marrow testing, medication changes, and lifestyle modifications to support the immune system.
Lung tumor
A lung tumor is an abnormal rate of cell division or cell death in lung tissue or in the airways that lead to the lungs.
Leukemia
Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It results from abnormal proliferation of white blood cells. There are four main types of leukemia - acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Leukemia is treated through chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy or stem cell transplant depending on the type and stage of leukemia. Nursing care focuses on managing side effects of treatment, preventing infections, maintaining nutrition, providing education and supporting the psychological needs of the patient.
LEUKEMIA
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow that results in an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells. The main types are acute and chronic leukemias, which are further classified as lymphocytic or myeloid. Symptoms can include fatigue, fever, bone/joint pain, and easy bruising/bleeding. Risk factors include age, genetics, radiation exposure, and viruses. Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and other exams. Treatment may include chemotherapy, radiation, stem cell transplant, or targeted therapies. Some herbal treatments like garlic, licorice root, and turmeric may help due to anti-cancer properties.
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Este documento describe diferentes tipos de neutropenia, sus causas, características y tratamientos. En particular, se discute la neutropenia adquirida en niños menores de un año, encontrando que está asociada con infecciones por CMV, trombocitosis y una recuperación prolongada de más de tres meses. También se analizan otros tipos como la neutropenia autoinmune, cíclica, congénita y aquella asociada con medicamentos.
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1.Pharyngitis 2.Constipation 3.Gigantism 4.Urethritis 5.Meningitis 6.Cardi...VIKRAM SINGH PANIHARIYA
PEDIATRICS Lecture Topics
1. Pharyngitis
2. Constipation
3. Gigantism
4. Urethritis
5. Meningitis
6. Cardiovascular Diseases
Adenoiditis
The document discusses adenoiditis, an infection of the adenoids. The adenoids are located behind the nose and help fight infection by trapping germs. When infected, the adenoids can become swollen and sore, making breathing difficult and causing ear problems. Symptoms include sore throat, difficulty swallowing, ear pain, and fever. Diagnosis involves examination of the throat and testing of throat swabs. Treatment consists of antibiotics if tests indicate strep infection. For recurrent infections, adenoidectomy surgery may be required to remove the adenoids.
Coronavirus
The document lists common symptoms of COVID-19 including fever, cough, shortness of breath, and bluish lips or face. It provides recommendations to practice hand washing, cover coughs and sneezes, see a doctor if unwell, and avoid large gatherings. It also notes recent pandemic developments such as New Zealand allowing gatherings of 100 and floods in Kenya killing nearly 200 people.
FIRST AID FIRST AID_3.pptx
First aid involves providing immediate care for injuries and illnesses. The objectives are to alleviate suffering, prevent further injury, and prolong life. It is important to minimize harm by properly treating conditions like soft tissue injuries, eye injuries, poisoning, bone fractures, burns, heat illness, and providing CPR or clearing airway obstructions. CPR involves chest compressions, rescue breathing, and using an AED as needed to try to restore a normal heart rhythm until emergency help arrives.
Poisons
Poisoning occurs when a foreign substance is consumed that the body cannot tolerate, causing harm through chemical reactions. Poisons can be medicines taken incorrectly, or chemicals from plants and animals. Signs of poisoning include vomiting, difficulty breathing, skin discoloration, swelling, pain at the contact point, and changes in consciousness. Treatment depends on how the poison entered the body - if swallowed, do not induce vomiting but call a poison control center; if inhaled, get fresh air and call for help; if in eyes or on skin, flush with water and call for help. For bites and stings, apply first aid like ice or pressure bandages while calling a poison control center.
P6 u1 part 3 h.3.1 dossier
This document provides information about several health conditions:
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder where people obsess about being fat and eat very little. It affects mostly young women and can be life threatening from starvation. Treatment involves therapy and gradually increasing food intake.
Asthma is a respiratory condition causing wheezing and difficulty breathing. It's often allergic in nature and triggered by things like colds, pollen or exercise. Symptoms include coughing and wheezing. Treatment involves preventative medicines and rescue inhalers.
Ankle sprains occur when the ankle is twisted, tearing ligaments. Symptoms are swelling, pain and difficulty walking. Treatment involves RICE - rest, ice,
First aid guide
This document provides information about different types of bites and how to treat them. It discusses human bites, marine creature bites like jellyfish and Portuguese man o' war, shark bites, and animal bites. For marine creature bites, it recommends washing the area with rubbing alcohol or salt water and applying a baking soda paste to draw out venom or toxins. For serious bites like from sharks or large animals, it advises seeking immediate medical help. For most pet bites, simple cleaning and bandaging is sufficient, but more serious bites may require following additional wound care procedures and consideration of rabies risks.
Medicinal plants and allergy A series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan for...
This document discusses various medicinal plants and herbal remedies that can help treat allergies. It begins by explaining what causes allergies and common allergy symptoms. It then discusses 8 specific herbs that can help treat allergies: horehound, reishi and astragalus mushrooms, nettle, goldenrod, butterbur, horseradish/wasabi, mullein leaf, and elder flowers. For each herb, it provides details on its traditional uses and any research supporting its effectiveness in reducing allergy symptoms. The document promotes using these herbs as natural alternatives or supplements to conventional allergy medications.
Insect Sting and bite management.pptx
Insect bites and stings can sometimes cause serious medical issues. Common insects that bite or sting in Bangladesh include fire ants, giant centipedes, mosquitoes, bed bugs, and scabies. These insects may spread diseases like chikungunya, dengue, malaria, and Zika. For most bites and stings, people should clean the area, apply a cold compress, avoid scratching, and take over-the-counter pain or anti-itch medication. However, medical advice should be sought if symptoms don't improve after a few days or get worse, if a bite is near the eyes or mouth, or if signs of infection appear. Severe allergic reactions require immediate emergency care due to
Care of unconcious patient
pictorial explanation of complete care of unconscious or bed ridden patients.
explanation of care using nursing diagnosis of patients.
level of consciousness.
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that causes inflammation of the air sacs. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Signs and symptoms vary in severity but include cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Diagnosis involves listening to the chest, x-rays, and tests of sputum or blood. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antibiotics, oxygen, fluids and rest. Vaccines can help prevent some types of pneumonia. Maintaining good hygiene and a strong immune system also helps reduce risk.
Parentune - 8 health ailments to watch out this monsoon
Get advice on nutrition, fitness, education, wellness and many more topics from fellow parents or from our experts. Share your problem at Parentune and get a solution.
Unit 4 Health, It's Good for All
Our health is influenced by personal characteristics, environment, lifestyle, and access to healthcare. Major causes of illness include infectious diseases caused by microorganisms like viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Non-infectious illnesses can be caused by issues within an organ or affect a person mentally or socially as with drug addiction. To stay healthy, one should maintain a balanced diet, practice good hygiene, get regular exercise, socialize with others, receive check-ups and vaccinations, avoid risks like drugs/alcohol, and get prompt treatment for minor injuries.
First-Aid-Made-Training-Presentation.pptx
This document provides information and guidance on various first aid topics including:
- The aims of first aid are to preserve life, prevent worsening of conditions, and promote recovery.
- When assessing a situation, first aiders should consider what happened, potential further dangers, their ability to help, the number of casualties, and whether to contact emergency services.
- Life-threatening conditions like choking, chest injuries, severe bleeding, poisoning, and anaphylaxis should be prioritized in treatment.
- CPR procedures are described for adults, children, and infants. Signs of hypoxia, shock, and conditions like asthma and anaphylaxis are outlined.
- Guidance is given for treating wounds,
Swine Flu by Technip
Self Studay Package on Influenza Swine Flu...
Also visit -
http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/key_facts.htm
Food poisoning
Food poisoning is caused by consuming contaminated food or water and leads to symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. It can be caused by bacteria like Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, and Staphylococcus aureus found in foods like meat, eggs and dairy. The document outlines the major causes of food poisoning, high-risk foods to avoid, proper food handling and cooking procedures to prevent contamination, and treatment for those suffering from food poisoning.
Intestinal worms
In the United States, pinworm infection, or enterobiasis, is the most common of all parasitic roundworm infections. It primarily affects school-age children. Because pinworm infection is spread mainly by children, it is found most often in family groups, daycare centers, schools, and camp settings.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:
First-Aid-Made-Easy-Training-Presentation (1).pptx
This document provides guidance on first aid procedures including assessing situations, prioritizing treatment, managing life-threatening conditions like choking, bleeding, shock, and more. It discusses recognizing and treating anaphylaxis, asthma, chest injuries, heart attacks, strokes, wounds, and other common medical emergencies. Guidelines are given for performing CPR on adults and children, using AEDs, applying tourniquets and dressings, positioning casualties, and seeking further help.
First-Aid-Made-Easy-Training-Presentation.pptx
This document provides guidance on first aid procedures including assessing situations, prioritizing treatment, managing life-threatening conditions like choking, bleeding, shock, and more. It discusses recognizing and treating anaphylaxis, asthma, chest injuries, heart attacks, strokes, wounds, and other common medical emergencies. Guidelines are given for performing CPR on adults and children, using AEDs, applying tourniquets and dressings, positioning casualties, and seeking further help.
First aid( equipments and treatment)
First aid kits should contain basic medical supplies like gauze, bandages, gloves, and medication for treating common conditions. For chest pain, nitroglycerin can be used if prescribed. For fainting, lay the person flat and elevate legs. For food poisoning, avoid solid foods until vomiting ends and drink clear fluids. For concussions, rest and avoid strenuous activities to allow the brain to recover. CPR involves chest compressions and artificial ventilation to preserve brain function until further treatment can restore breathing and circulation in cardiac arrest.
Similar to Neutropenia (20)
1.Pharyngitis 2.Constipation 3.Gigantism 4.Urethritis 5.Meningitis 6.Cardi...
1.Pharyngitis 2.Constipation 3.Gigantism 4.Urethritis 5.Meningitis 6.Cardi...
Medicinal plants and allergy A series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan for...
Medicinal plants and allergy A series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan for...
Parentune - 8 health ailments to watch out this monsoon
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First-Aid-Made-Easy-Training-Presentation (1).pptx
First-Aid-Made-Easy-Training-Presentation (1).pptx
More from fitango
Corneal Injury
Corneal injury describes an injury to the
cornea. The cornea is the crystal clear (transparent) tissue covering the front
of the eye. It works with the lens of the eye to focus images on the retina.
Viral Gastroenteritis
Have you ever had
the "stomach flu?" What you probably had was gastroenteritis - not a
type of flu at all. Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the lining of the
intestines caused by a virus, bacteria or parasites. Viral gastroenteritis is
the second most common illness in the U.S. It spreads through contaminated food
or water, and contact with an infected person. The best prevention is frequent
hand washing.
Symptoms of
gastroenteritis include diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, fever
and chills. Most people recover with no treatment.
The most common
problem with gastroenteritis is dehydration. This happens if you do not drink
enough fluids to replace what you lose through vomiting and diarrhea. Dehydration
is most common in babies, young children, the elderly and people with weak
immune systems.
Bacterial Gastroenteritis
Bacterial gastroenteritis is inflammation of the stomach and intestines caused by bacteria. Common symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting. Doctors diagnose it by examining patients for dehydration and testing stool samples. Treatment focuses on rehydration. Most cases resolve in a few days without antibiotics. It often occurs from eating contaminated food from improper handling or storage. Proper hygiene and food safety can help prevent bacterial gastroenteritis.
Medical solutions
Drug addiction is a chronic disease characterized by compulsive drug use despite harmful consequences. Effective treatment employs both medication and behavioral therapies tailored to the individual, with the goal of stopping drug use and supporting long-term recovery. Treatment approaches may include detoxification, individual/group counseling, therapeutic communities, and medications to ease withdrawal symptoms and prevent relapse. Treatment is most successful when it addresses all aspects of an individual's life and continues over an extended period of time.
Addiction
Addiction results when a person ingests a
substance (alcohol, cocaine, or nicotine, for example) or repeatedly takes part
in an activity (gambling) that can be pleasurable, but the continued use of
which becomes compulsive and interferes with everyday life.
Common addictions include:
-- Alcohol abuse
-- Drug abuse
-- Exercise abuse
-- Pornography
-- Gambling
Classic symptoms of addiction include
impaired control over substances/behavior, preoccupation with
substance/behavior, continued use despite consequences, and denial. Behavior
patterns and habits associated with addiction are commonly characterized by the
pursuit of immediate gratification, coupled with negative long-term effects.
Physiological dependence results when the
body is unable to function normally in the absence of the substance or
behavior. This state produces the conditions of tolerance and withdrawl.
Tolerance is the result of the body
requiring larger volumes of the substance or stimulus in order to achieve the
original effects.
Withdrawal is the physical and
psychological symptoms experienced when the body no longer receives the
substance in the same quantities it has become reliant upon.
Cold Weather Safety
When winter temperatures drop significantly below normal, staying
warm and safe can become a challenge. Extremely cold temperatures
often accompany a winter storm, so you may have to cope with power failures and icy roads. Although staying indoors as much as possible can help reduce the risk of car crashes and falls on the ice, you may also face indoor hazards.
Many homes will be too cold—either due to a power failure or because the heating system isn't adequate for the weather. When people must use space heaters and fireplaces to stay warm, the risk of household fires increases, as well as the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.
Exposure to cold temperatures, whether indoors or outside, can cause other serious or life-threatening health problems. Infants and the elderly are particularly at risk, but anyone can be affected. To keep yourself and your family safe, you should know how to prevent cold-related health problems and what to do if a cold-weather health emergency arises. The emergency procedures outlined here are not a substitute for training in first aid. However, these procedures will help you to know when to seek medical care and what to do until help becomes available.
Stay safe while you work
Maintaining a healthy office environment requires attention to chemical hazards, equipment and work station design, physical environment (temperature, humidity, light, noise, ventilation, and space), task design, psychological factors (personal interactions, work pace, job control) and sometimes, chemical or other environmental exposures.
A well-designed office allows each employee to work comfortably without needing to over-reach, sit or stand too long, or use awkward postures (correct ergonomic design). Sometimes, equipment or furniture changes are the best solution to allow employees to work comfortably. On other occasions, the equipment may be satisfactory but the task could be redesigned. For example, studies have shown that those working at computers have less discomfort with short, hourly breaks.
Situations in offices that can lead to injury or illness range from physical hazards (such as cords across walkways, leaving low drawers open, objects falling from overhead) to task-related (speed or repetition, duration, job control, etc.), environmental (chemical or biological sources) or design-related hazards (such as nonadjustable furniture or equipment). Job stress that results when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities or resources of the worker may also result in illness.
Tobacco substitutes
When quitting smoking many people feel the need
for help in the form of a tobacco substitute. There are a wide variety of
different products billed as alternatives to smoking that are supposedly healthier.
The main additive in cigarettes that makes them so addictive is
nicotine. Hence most of the products that aim to replace smoking are nicotine
replacements such as nicotine gum, inhalers, patches and medications.
Other products are sold as smokeless tobacco such as snuff and hookah or as better because they are low yield cigarettes. Not all of these smoking substitutes are
healthy or even better than cigarettes.
Strategies
Tobacco use can lead to nicotine dependence and serious health problems. Cessation can significantly reduce the risk of suffering from smoking-related diseases. Tobacco dependence is a chronic condition that often requires repeated interventions, but effective treatments and helpful resources exist. Smokers can and do quit smoking. In fact, today there are more former smokers than current smokers.
Staying away
This document provides strategies for reducing alcohol consumption or abstaining from drinking. It suggests keeping track of alcohol intake, setting limits on drinking days and quantities, pacing drinks and having non-alcoholic drinks between alcoholic ones. Avoiding triggers for drinking and planning responses to resist social pressure are also recommended. Practicing refusal skills by role playing expected situations can help build confidence to say no to drink offers. The goal is for the reader to choose strategies that work for them and maintain control over their own drinking choices.
Relapse
Don't give up
Changing habits such as smoking, overeating, or drinking too much can take a lot of effort, and you may not succeed with the first try. Setbacks are common, but you learn more each time. Each try brings you closer to your goal. Whatever course you choose, give it a fair trial.
If one approach doesn't work, try something else. If a setback happens, get back on track as quickly as possible. In the long run, your chances for success are good.
Research shows that most heavy drinkers, even those with alcoholism, either cut back significantly or quit.
Withdrawal
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a set of symptoms that people who have a history of alcoholism experience when they stop drinking. People who are casual drinkers rarely have withdrawal symptoms.
People who have gone through withdrawal before are more likely to have withdrawal symptoms each time they quit drinking.
Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal can range from severe to mild, and can include:
-- Insomnia
-- Nightmares
-- Irritability
-- Fatigue
-- Shakes
-- Sweats
-- Anxiety
-- Depression
-- Headaches
-- Decreased appetite
Severe withdrawal symptoms include fever, convulsions and delirium tremens (DTs). Those who experience DTs may become confused, anxious and even have hallucinations. DTs can be very serious if they are not treated by a doctor.
Preventative Health
Eat healthy
-- Eat a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains every day.
-- Limit foods and drinks high in calories, sugar, salt, fat, and alcohol.
-- Eat a balanced diet to help keep a healthy weight.
--
Men ages 60+
Learn the Facts
When you get a preventive medical test,
you're not just doing it for yourself. You're doing it for your family and
loved ones:
-- Men are 24 percent less likely than women
to have visited a doctor within the past year and are 22 percent more likely to
have neglected their cholesterol tests.
-- Men are 28 percent more likely than women
to be hospitalized for congestive heart failure.
-- Men are 32 percent more likely than women
to be hospitalized for long-term complications of diabetes and are more than
twice as likely than women to have a leg or foot amputated due to complications
related to diabetes.
-- Men are 24 percent more likely than women
to be hospitalized for pneumonia that could have been prevented by getting an
immunization.
The single most important way you can take
care of yourself and those you love is to actively take part in your health
care. Educate yourself on health care and participate in decisions with your
doctor. This site will help you get started.
Men ages 35-60
Learn the Facts
When you get a preventive medical test, you're not just doing it for yourself. You're doing it for your family and loved ones:
-- Men are 24 percent less likely than women to have visited a doctor within the past year and are 22 percent more likely to have neglected their cholesterol tests.
-- Men are 28 percent more likely than women to be hospitalized for congestive heart failure.
-- Men are 32 percent more likely than women to be hospitalized for long-term complications of diabetes and are more than twice as likely than women to have a leg or foot amputated due to complications related to diabetes.
-- Men are 24 percent more likely than women to be hospitalized for pneumonia that could have been prevented by getting an immunization.
The single most important way you can take care of yourself and those you love is to actively take part in your health care. Educate yourself on health care and participate in decisions with your doctor. This site will help you get started.
Men ages 18-35
When you get a preventive medical test, you're not just doing it for yourself. You're doing it for your family and loved ones:
Men are 24 percent less likely than women to have visited a doctor within the past year and are 22 percent more likely to have neglected their cholesterol tests.
Men are 28 percent more likely than women to be hospitalized for congestive heart failure.
Men are 32 percent more likely than women to be hospitalized for long-term complications of diabetes and are more than twice as likely than women to have a leg or foot amputated due to complications related to diabetes.
Men are 24 percent more likely than women to be hospitalized for pneumonia that could have been prevented by getting an immunization.
The single most important way you can take care of yourself and those you love is to actively take part in your health care. Educate yourself on health care and participate in decisions with your doctor. This site will help you get started.
Cancer Screening
The document provides information about various types of cancer screening tests for women. It discusses screening for breast cancer via mammogram, clinical breast exam, and breast self-exam. It also discusses screening for cervical cancer via Pap test and sometimes HPV test, as well as screening guidelines. The document notes there is no reliable screening for ovarian, uterine, vaginal or vulvar cancers but discusses risk factors and symptoms to watch for.
Safety
Injury is the #1 killer of children and teens in the United States. In 2009, more than 9,000 youth age 0-19 died from unintentional injuries in the United States. Millions more children suffer injuries requiring treatment in the emergency department. Leading causes of child injury include motor vehicle crashes, suffocation, drowning, poisoning, fires, and falls.1 Child injury is predictable and preventable. It is also among the most under-recognized public health problems facing our country today.
Progress has been made in preventing child injury. Child injury death rates have decreased 29% in the last decade.2 Yet injury is still the leading cause of death for children and teens. More can be done to keep our children safe.
Shiatsu
Shiatsu is a physical therapy that supports
and strengthens the body’s natural ability to heal and balance itself. It works
on the whole person - not just a physical body, but also a psychological,
emotional and spiritual being.
Shiatsu originated in Japan from traditional
Chinese medicine, with influences from more recent Western therapies. Although
shiatsu means ‘finger pressure’ in Japanese, in practise a practitioner uses
touch, comfortable pressure and manipulative techniques to adjust the body’s
physical structure and balance its energy flow. It is a deeply relaxing
experience and regular treatments can alleviate stress and illness and maintain
health and well-being.
More from fitango (20)
Neutropenia
- 2. 1 Overview Neutropenia, pronounced noo-troh-PEE-nee-uh, is a decrease in the number of white blood cells. These cells are the body’s main defense against infection. Neutropenia is common after receiving chemotherapy and increases your risk for infections.
- 3. 2 Symptoms -- Fever that is 100.4°F (38°C) or higher for more than one hour, or a one-time temperature of 101° F or higher -- Chills and sweats -- Change in cough or new cough -- Sore throat or new mouth sore
- 4. 3 Symptoms -- Shortness of breath -- Nasal congestion -- Stiff neck -- Burning or pain with urination -- Unusual vaginal discharge or irritation
- 5. 4 Symptoms -- Increased urination -- Redness, soreness, or swelling in any area, including surgical wounds and ports -- Diarrhea -- Vomiting -- Pain in the abdomen or rectum
- 6. 5 Symptoms -- New onset of pain -- Changes in skin, urination, or mental status
- 7. 6 Causes -- Alcoholism -- Chemotherapy -- Any disease that can damage bone marrow -- Infections that use neutrophils faster than they can be produced
- 9. 8 Prevention -- Clean your hands frequently -- Try to avoid crowded places and contact with people who are sick -- Do not share food, drink cups, utensils or other personal items, such as toothbrushes.
- 10. 9 Prevention -- Shower or bathe daily and use an unscented lotion to prevent your skin from becoming dry and cracked -- Cook meat and eggs all the way through to kill any germs -- Carefully wash raw fruits and vegetables
- 11. 10 Prevention -- Protect your skin from direct contact with pet bodily waste (urine or feces) by wearing vinyl or household cleaning gloves when cleaning up after your pet. Wash your hands immediately afterwards -- Use gloves for gardening
- 12. 11 Prevention -- Clean your teeth and gums with a soft toothbrush, and if your doctor or nurse recommends one, use a mouthwash to prevent mouth sores -- Try and keep all your household surfaces clean -- Get the seasonal flu shot as soon as it is available