This document provides an introduction to networks. It defines a network as connecting two or more devices to communicate and share resources and information. A network consists of both hardware and software - the hardware carries signals between points, while the software enables expected network services. The document then categorizes networks by size (PAN, LAN, etc.), architecture (peer-to-peer, client/server), topology (bus, ring, star, etc.), delivery schemes (unicast, broadcast, etc.), network devices (NICs, hubs, switches, routers), transmission modes (simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex) and other network concepts.

1. NETWORK
INTRODUCTION,TYPE
1
1
Prepared by: Mir Omranudin Abhar
Email : MirOmran@Gmail.com
Fall ,2019

2. Introduction- [Netwrok]
2
Connectivity of two or more than two devices so that they can
communicate to exchange resources and share information is called
a Network .

3. Introduction- [Netwrok]
3
• A network is a combination of hardware and software that sends
data from one location to another.
• The hardware consists of the physical equipment that carries
signals from one point of the network to another.
• The software consists of instruction sets that make possible the
services that we expect from a network.

4. Introduction- [Netwrok]
4
Connectivity: Connectivity is due to hardware ,Printers, Scanners,
faxes telephone and video-conferencing

5. Introduction- [Netwrok]
5
Communication: Communication is due to software, Data, files,
applications , Documents, Email and messaging, websites, Database
and Music.

6. Introduction- [Wired Netwrok]
6
Wired technology is more associated with wired communication.
Wired communication refers to the transmission of data over a wire-
based communication technology.

7. Introduction- [Wireless Netwrok]
7
The term wireless refers to the communication of information over a
distance, without requiring wires, cables or electrical conductors.

8. Introduction- [Internetwork]
8
• An internetwork can be defined as two or more computer networks
which are connected together, using Network Routers.
• Each network in an Internetwork has its own Network Address,
which is different from other networks inside the Internetwork.
• Internetwork allows different users at different geographical
locations of an organization to share data, resources and to
communicate

9. Introduction- [Internetwork]
9
Type of Internetwork:
1. Internet: Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible computer
network of interconnected computer network.
2. Intranet: An intranet is a private network that is contained
within an enterprise.

10. Introduction- [Internetwork]
10
Type of Internetwork:
3. Extranet: An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's
intranet that is extended to users outside the company like
suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other business
associates.

11. Categorize - [Netwrok]→ [𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒]
11
1. [PAN] Personal Area Network
2. [LAN] Local Area Network
3. [CAN] Campus Area Network
4. [MAN] Metroplitan Area Network
5. [WAN] Wide Area Network
1

12. [Size]→ [Personal Area Netwok]
12

13. [Size]→ [Local Area Network]
13

14. [Size]→ [Campus Area Network]
14

15. [Size]→ [Metroplitan Area Network]
15

16. [Size]→ [Wide Ar𝑒𝑎 𝑁𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑟𝑜𝑘]
16

17. Categorize –
[Netwrok]→ 𝐴𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
17
1. Peer to Peer (Work Group)
2. Server Based (Client / Server)
2

18. [Architecture]→ Peer to Peer (Work Group)
18
A peer-to-peer (P2P) network is group of computers, each of which
acts as a node for sharing files within the group.

19. [Architecture]→ Server Based (Client / Server)
19
A Server-based network is a network in which network security and
storage are managed centrally by one or more servers.

20. Categorize – [Netwrok]→ Topology
20
1. Bus Technology
2. Ring Technology
3. Star Technology
4. Mesh Technology
5. Tree Technology
6. Hybrid Technology
3

21. [Topology]→ Bus Technology
21
A bus network is an arrangement in a
local area network (LAN) in which
each node (workstation or other
device) is connected to a main cable or
link called the bus.

22. [Topology]→ Ring Technology
22
A ring network is a local area network
(LAN) in which the nodes (workstations
or other devices) are connected in a
closed loop configuration.

23. [Topology]→ Star Technology
23
A star network is a local area network
(LAN) in which all nodes (workstations
or other devices) are directly connected
to a common central computer.

24. [Topology]→ Mesh Technology
24
The mesh network topology links nodes
with connections so that multiple paths
between at least some points of the
network are available.
The Internet is a mesh network.

25. [Topology]→ Tree Technology
25
The tree network topology, also
called a star of stars, is a network
where star topologies are
themselves connected in a star
configuration.

26. [Topology]→ Hybrid Technology
26

27. Categorize –
[Netwrok]→ Delivery Schemes
27
1. Unicast
2. Broadcast
3. Multicast
4. Anycast
5. Geocast
4

28. [Delivery Schemes]→ Unicast
28

29. [Delivery Schemes]→ Broadcast
29

30. [Delivery Schemes]→ Multicast
30

31. [Delivery Schemes]→ Anycast
31

32. [Delivery Schemes]→ Geocast
32

33. [Netwrok]→ Network Devices
33
Network devices, or networking hardware, are physical devices that
are required for communication and interaction between hardware
on a computer network.

34. [Network Devices]→ Type
34
1. Passive Networking Hardware
2. Active Networking Hardware

35. [Network Devices]→ Passive
35
Passive Networking Hardware are those parts of computer network
that are involved in data transmission in the network, but they don’t
change or affect the data.
Passive networking components are an essential part of any computer
network.

36. [Network Devices]→ Passive
36

37. [Network Devices]→ Active
37
Active Networking Hardware comprises the parts of a computer
network that in some way actively work with signals in the network.

38. [Netwrok]→ Active Devices
38
1. Network Interface Card
2. Repeater
3. Hup
4. Switch
5. Bridge
6. Router

39. [Netwrok Devices] → NIC
39
Network Interface Card

40. [Netwrok Devices] → Repeater
40
Repeater

41. [Netwrok Devices] → H𝑢𝑝
41
Hup

42. [Netwrok Devices] → Bridge
42
Bridge

43. [Netwrok Devices] → Bridge
43
Bridge

44. [Netwrok Devices] → Switch
44
Switch

45. [Netwrok Devices] → Hup & Switch
45
Switch Hup

46. [Netwrok Devices] → Router
46
Router

47. [Netwrok] → Transmission Modes
47
Transmission mode means transferring of data between two
devices. It is also known as communication mode.
There are three types of transmission mode:-
1. Simplex Mode
2. Half Duplex Mode
3. Full Duplex Mode

48. [Transmission Modes] → Simplex Mode
48
In Simplex mode, the communication is unidirectional, as on a
one-way street. Only one of the two devices on a link can transmit,
the other can only receive. The simplex mode can use the entire
capacity of the channel to send data in one direction.

49. [Transmission Modes] → Simplex Mode
49

50. [Transmission Modes] → Half Duplex
50
In half-duplex mode, each station can both transmit and receive,
but not at the same time.

51. [Transmission Modes] → Half Duplex
51

52. [Transmission Modes] → Full Duplex
52
In the full duplex mode, both the connected devices can send as
well as receive data at the same time

53. [Transmission Modes] → Full Duplex
53

54. Question
.1
ISP(Internet Service Provider)
‫ست؟‬‫چی‬
.2
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
‫ست‬‫چی‬
‫و‬
‫به‬
‫چی‬
‫منظور‬
‫تفاده‬‫س‬‫ا‬
‫شود؟‬‫می‬
.3
Categories
‫بل‬‫ی‬‫ک‬
UTP
‫کدام‬
‫ها‬
‫ند‬‫ا‬
‫اب‬
‫شخصات‬‫م‬
‫و‬
‫متفاوت‬
‫ها‬
‫هر‬
‫یک‬
‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ان‬
‫ید؟‬‫س‬‫نو‬‫ب‬
.4
Dial-up
‫ست؟‬‫چی‬
.5
‫در‬
Topology
‫های‬
Ring
‫و‬
Bus
‫از‬
‫کدام‬
‫نوع‬
‫بل‬‫ی‬‫ک‬
‫تفاده‬‫س‬‫ا‬
‫شود؟‬‫می‬
54

55. Question
.6
Circuit Switching
‫اب‬
Pocket Switching
‫از‬
‫مه‬
‫چه‬
‫فرق‬
‫دارد‬
‫اب‬
‫مثال‬
‫احض‬‫و‬
‫ید‬‫ز‬‫سا‬
‫؟‬
.7
‫عدد‬
156
‫ا‬‫ر‬
‫از‬
‫مت‬‫س‬‫سی‬
‫اعداد‬
‫قاعده‬
10
‫به‬
‫مت‬‫س‬‫سی‬
‫اعداد‬
‫ابیرنی‬
‫بدیل‬‫ت‬
‫مناید‬
‫؟‬
.8
‫عدد‬
1000111
‫ا‬‫ر‬
,
‫از‬
‫مت‬‫س‬‫سی‬
‫اعداد‬
‫ابیرنی‬
‫به‬
‫مت‬‫س‬‫سی‬
‫اعداد‬
‫قاعده‬
10
‫بدیل‬‫ت‬
‫مناید؟‬
.9
Connection oriented
‫و‬
Connectionless
‫ست؟‬‫چی‬
‫و‬
‫ابمه‬
‫چه‬
‫تفاوت‬
‫ند؟‬‫ر‬‫دا‬
.10
VSAT
‫ست‬‫چی‬
‫و‬
‫به‬
‫چه‬
‫هدف‬
‫یت‬‫ل‬‫فعا‬
‫یکند؟‬‫م‬
55