This document provides an overview of data communication and networks. It discusses data communication fundamentals like transmission media, protocols, and data representation. It also covers network basics such as physical structures, topologies, and performance criteria like reliability and security. Specific topics covered include simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex data flow, point-to-point and multipoint connections, and mesh and star network topologies.
This document provides an overview of data communications. It discusses the key components of data communication systems including senders, receivers, messages, transmission mediums, and protocols. It describes different types of data flow such as simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex. It also discusses analog and digital signals and different transmission mediums including guided mediums like coaxial cable and fiber optics, as well as unguided wireless mediums. Finally, it provides information on common networking devices including modems, hubs, switches, and routers.
Data communication refers to the exchange of data between two or more devices. There are various transmission media that can be used for this including twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, air, vacuum, and seawater. Guided media requires a physical path for transmission while unguided media uses electromagnetic waves for transmission without a physical path.
CND_22634_UNIT1_MSBTE_Computer network and Data CommunicationPranoti Doke
1.1 Data communication and its
characteristics
1.2 Components of data communication Transmitter, Receiver, Medium, Message, Protocol. Standards, Standard organizations. Basic block diagram of data communication system
1.3 Data Transmission: Serial, Parallel Synchronous, Asynchronous, Isochronous transmission
1.4 Transmission characteristics: Signaling rate, data rate, bit rate, baud rate
1.5 feed of computer networks, Network criteria, advantages of networking
1.6 Network topologies: Mesh, Star, Bus, Tree, Ring and Hybrid topologies - Schematic diagram, working, ad viint‹i disadvantages and applications
1.7 Network Classification:
Based on Transmission Technology
Point to-point, Multipoint, Broadcast
Based on physical size(scale):
PAN, BAN, LAN, MAN, WAN,VPN
based on Architecture: Peer to Peer, client Server, off a esC ent Se er over Peer-to-Peer Model.
Sept 2017 topologies and communication mediashahin raj
This document discusses various topics related to telecommunications media and networks. It defines communications, telecommunications, and data communications. It describes different types of telecommunication media like twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, microwave, satellite, infrared, and cellular transmission. It also discusses telecommunication devices, network topologies, network types by size, client-server connections, communications software, and factors that influence the cost and considerations of communication media.
The document provides an overview of the Internet and computer networks. It discusses what the Internet is, including end systems, access networks, and the network core. It describes the network edge, including end systems, access networks, and links. It then covers the network core, explaining circuit switching, packet switching, and the hierarchical structure of the Internet. It discusses concepts like delay, loss, throughput in packet-switched networks. Finally, it introduces the idea of organizing networks using a layered protocol approach and service models.
This document discusses various data communication techniques including packetization, multiplexing, and switching. It describes how data is divided into packets with header information added. It explains different types of multiplexing including frequency division, time division, and statistical time division. It also covers circuit switching versus packet switching and different error control techniques such as parity checks, checksums, and cyclic redundancy checks used to detect errors.
Unit 3_CND Physical Layer_MODEMS_Pranoti DokePranoti Doke
Modems are devices that modulate analog carrier signals to encode digital data for transmission and demodulate carrier signals to decode received digital data. There are different types of modems including external modems connected via cable and internal modems installed as expansion cards. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technologies like Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) and Symmetric DSL (SDSL) provide broadband internet over standard copper telephone lines using frequency separation techniques. While ADSL provides asymmetric bandwidth, SDSL offers symmetric speeds but requires a four-wire connection. Variants include Very High Bitrate DSL (VDSL) for short copper connections and High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL).
Data communication refers to the transmission of digital data between two or more computers or networks. It involves using computing and communication technologies to transfer data from one place to another. There are three key characteristics of an effective data communication system: delivery of data to the correct destination, accuracy in delivery, and timely delivery. The basic components of a data communication system are a sender that transmits a message or data, a receiver that obtains the message, a transmission medium that allows the message to travel between sender and receiver, and an encoder-decoder that establishes rules and formats for communication.
This document provides an overview of data communications. It discusses the key components of data communication systems including senders, receivers, messages, transmission mediums, and protocols. It describes different types of data flow such as simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex. It also discusses analog and digital signals and different transmission mediums including guided mediums like coaxial cable and fiber optics, as well as unguided wireless mediums. Finally, it provides information on common networking devices including modems, hubs, switches, and routers.
Data communication refers to the exchange of data between two or more devices. There are various transmission media that can be used for this including twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, air, vacuum, and seawater. Guided media requires a physical path for transmission while unguided media uses electromagnetic waves for transmission without a physical path.
CND_22634_UNIT1_MSBTE_Computer network and Data CommunicationPranoti Doke
1.1 Data communication and its
characteristics
1.2 Components of data communication Transmitter, Receiver, Medium, Message, Protocol. Standards, Standard organizations. Basic block diagram of data communication system
1.3 Data Transmission: Serial, Parallel Synchronous, Asynchronous, Isochronous transmission
1.4 Transmission characteristics: Signaling rate, data rate, bit rate, baud rate
1.5 feed of computer networks, Network criteria, advantages of networking
1.6 Network topologies: Mesh, Star, Bus, Tree, Ring and Hybrid topologies - Schematic diagram, working, ad viint‹i disadvantages and applications
1.7 Network Classification:
Based on Transmission Technology
Point to-point, Multipoint, Broadcast
Based on physical size(scale):
PAN, BAN, LAN, MAN, WAN,VPN
based on Architecture: Peer to Peer, client Server, off a esC ent Se er over Peer-to-Peer Model.
Sept 2017 topologies and communication mediashahin raj
This document discusses various topics related to telecommunications media and networks. It defines communications, telecommunications, and data communications. It describes different types of telecommunication media like twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, microwave, satellite, infrared, and cellular transmission. It also discusses telecommunication devices, network topologies, network types by size, client-server connections, communications software, and factors that influence the cost and considerations of communication media.
The document provides an overview of the Internet and computer networks. It discusses what the Internet is, including end systems, access networks, and the network core. It describes the network edge, including end systems, access networks, and links. It then covers the network core, explaining circuit switching, packet switching, and the hierarchical structure of the Internet. It discusses concepts like delay, loss, throughput in packet-switched networks. Finally, it introduces the idea of organizing networks using a layered protocol approach and service models.
This document discusses various data communication techniques including packetization, multiplexing, and switching. It describes how data is divided into packets with header information added. It explains different types of multiplexing including frequency division, time division, and statistical time division. It also covers circuit switching versus packet switching and different error control techniques such as parity checks, checksums, and cyclic redundancy checks used to detect errors.
Unit 3_CND Physical Layer_MODEMS_Pranoti DokePranoti Doke
Modems are devices that modulate analog carrier signals to encode digital data for transmission and demodulate carrier signals to decode received digital data. There are different types of modems including external modems connected via cable and internal modems installed as expansion cards. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technologies like Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) and Symmetric DSL (SDSL) provide broadband internet over standard copper telephone lines using frequency separation techniques. While ADSL provides asymmetric bandwidth, SDSL offers symmetric speeds but requires a four-wire connection. Variants include Very High Bitrate DSL (VDSL) for short copper connections and High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL).
Data communication refers to the transmission of digital data between two or more computers or networks. It involves using computing and communication technologies to transfer data from one place to another. There are three key characteristics of an effective data communication system: delivery of data to the correct destination, accuracy in delivery, and timely delivery. The basic components of a data communication system are a sender that transmits a message or data, a receiver that obtains the message, a transmission medium that allows the message to travel between sender and receiver, and an encoder-decoder that establishes rules and formats for communication.
Presentation on different modes of data communicationTafadzwa Gonera
This document discusses different modes of data communication, including wired and wireless technologies. It describes protocol models like OSI and TCP/IP that define network layers. Wired technologies covered include coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, and twisted pair cable. Wireless technologies discussed are Bluetooth, WiMAX, infrared, and Wi-Fi. The document provides definitions, diagrams, advantages and disadvantages of each technology discussed.
This document provides an introduction to data communication and transmission. It defines data and describes how data is communicated from a source to a receiver. It explains the components of a data communication system including the message, sender, receiver, medium, and protocols. Protocols are defined as sets of rules that govern communication and their functions like data sequencing, routing, formatting, flow control, error control, and security are described. The modes of data transmission - simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex - are defined. Serial and parallel transmission methods are also explained along with asynchronous and synchronous serial transmission types.
These slides cover the fundamentals of data communication & networking. It covers all data types which are used in communication of data over transmission medium. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
This document provides an overview of data communication systems and their key components and concepts. It discusses the basic components of a data communication system including messages, senders, receivers, transmission medium, and protocols. It then describes various concepts such as line configuration (point-to-point and multipoint), network topologies (bus, star, ring, mesh), transmission modes (simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex), and modems. The document focuses on explaining these fundamental building blocks and concepts to understand how data is transmitted between devices.
The document discusses computer network models and the physical layer of the OSI model. It provides an overview of the OSI model and its seven layers. It describes the physical layer in detail, including its responsibilities of defining the physical medium and interfaces. Various types of communication media are discussed, including twisted pair wires, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, and wireless technologies like radio, microwave, satellite, and infrared. The physical layer controls transmission rates and modes and ensures bits are transmitted from one node to the next.
Basics of data communication and computer networking (262 kb)IMRAN KHAN
The document discusses the basics of data communication and computer networking. It introduces data communication as the process of transporting data from one point to another using networks. Networks are communication systems designed to convey information from a point of origin to a point of destination. The key components of a data communication system include a transmitter that sends the message, a receiver that receives the message, a communication medium that carries the message, the message itself, and a communication protocol. Computer networks allow for the sharing of resources between connected computers.
Computer networks can be classified based on their geographical span, interconnectivity, administration, and architecture. They range from personal area networks (PANs) covering 10 meters around a device, to local area networks (LANs) within a building, to metropolitan area networks (MANs) within a city, to wide area networks (WANs) spanning countries, to the largest network, the internet, which interconnects networks worldwide. Networks allow sharing of resources like printers and storage, as well as exchange of information via email, webpages, and other applications.
A computer network connects two or more computers together to allow sharing of resources and communication between users. Common network types include local area networks (LANs) within a building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) within a city, and wide area networks (WANs) spanning multiple cities or countries. The topology, or layout of connections between devices, can take bus, star, ring or mesh forms. Protocols and layered network architectures like TCP/IP or OSI model provide standards for communication between networked devices.
This document discusses various topics related to data communications including:
1. A simplified model of data communications consisting of a source, transmitter, transmission system, receiver and destination.
2. Guided media such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber which have different characteristics like bandwidth and attenuation.
3. Wireless transmission using antennas and frequencies ranging from microwave to satellite to broadcast radio to infrared.
4. Key concepts in data communications including analog vs. digital signals, bandwidth, attenuation, noise and error rates which impact system design factors and capacity.
Academic course on Computer Network Chapter -1 for BCA, Tribhuwan University
** Applicable for other courses as well
Includes the Basic of Computer Network, Topologies, Types of Network
Data communication : entails electronically exchanging data or information. It is the movement of computer information from one point to another by means of electrical or optical transmission system. This system often is called data communication networks.
This document provides an overview of data communications and computer networks. It discusses the need for computer communication over distances, defines data communication, and describes the key components and characteristics of data communication systems. It also covers various data representation methods, transmission media, network topologies, categories of networks including LANs, MANs and WANs, and the importance of protocols and standards in networking.
This document provides an overview of data communication and networking concepts including:
- The basic components of communication systems including senders, channels, and receivers.
- Different types of communication signals and how data is transmitted.
- Various transmission media including guided media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable as well as unguided media like wireless transmission.
- Short-range and long-distance wireless technologies.
The document discusses different topics related to data communication and computer networks. It defines data transmission modes as simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex. It also discusses data signals, digital signals, analog signals, computer networks, the OSI model, TCP/IP model, broadband and baseband transmission, data modulation techniques, and sources of transmission impairment. The document serves to summarize key concepts from a class lecture on data communication.
Components of Data Communication Systems, Modes of Data Communications, Applications of Networks, Physical Topologies and their types, Categories of Networks: LAN, MAN, WAN
Data communication and network Chapter - 2Zafar Ayub
The document discusses network protocols and Ethernet. It provides details on:
- Common network protocols include Ethernet, LocalTalk, Token Ring, FDDI, and ATM. Ethernet is the most widely used protocol.
- Ethernet uses CSMA/CD access method where nodes listen before transmitting and can detect collisions. It operates at speeds of 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps, and 10 Gbps.
- Ethernet standards include IEEE 802.3 for 10BASE-T, 802.3u for 100BASE-TX, 802.3z for 1000BASE-T, and 802.3ae for 10 Gbps.
Computer communications involves the transfer of data between devices using a communications channel. Key components of communication include a sender, receiver, encoding/decoding devices, and transmission medium. Networks connect multiple devices to facilitate communication and sharing of resources. Common network types include local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). Standards define how devices communicate over networks and include protocols, topologies, and technologies like Ethernet, TCP/IP, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth.
Presentation on DATA COMMUNICATION by Cj SubhamSubham Mojumdar
Data Communication Topic for 5th semester ETC branch.
SKDAV Govt. Polytechnic, Rourkela
CONTENTS:-
(i) Introduction
(ii) Basic Parts of Data Communication
(iii)Data Transmission Types
(iv)Types of Serial Data Transmission
(v)Data Transmission Modes
(vi)Bibliography
(vii)Conclusion
This document provides an introduction to data communication. It discusses key topics such as:
- Data communication involves the exchange of data between devices via transmission media.
- Common transmission modes include simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex.
- Communication channels include narrowband, voice band, and broadband channels.
- Computer networks allow simultaneous access to shared data and devices from multiple nodes.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in computer networks:
- A computer network connects two or more devices to share resources and files using common protocols.
- Networks have five basic components: messages, senders, receivers, transmission media, and protocols.
- Communication can occur in simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex mode depending on whether devices can transmit and receive simultaneously.
- Important criteria for networks are performance, reliability, and security.
This document provides information about a course on computer networks being offered by the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at Hirasugar Institute of Technology. The course is for the 7th semester and covers Module 1 which includes introductions to data communications, network models, and the data link layer. It discusses fundamental characteristics of data communication systems including delivery, accuracy, timeliness, and jitter. It also describes components of data communication systems such as the message, sender, receiver, transmission medium, and protocols. Finally, it covers topics on data representation, data flow in simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex modes, physical structures including connection types and physical topologies.
Presentation on different modes of data communicationTafadzwa Gonera
This document discusses different modes of data communication, including wired and wireless technologies. It describes protocol models like OSI and TCP/IP that define network layers. Wired technologies covered include coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, and twisted pair cable. Wireless technologies discussed are Bluetooth, WiMAX, infrared, and Wi-Fi. The document provides definitions, diagrams, advantages and disadvantages of each technology discussed.
This document provides an introduction to data communication and transmission. It defines data and describes how data is communicated from a source to a receiver. It explains the components of a data communication system including the message, sender, receiver, medium, and protocols. Protocols are defined as sets of rules that govern communication and their functions like data sequencing, routing, formatting, flow control, error control, and security are described. The modes of data transmission - simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex - are defined. Serial and parallel transmission methods are also explained along with asynchronous and synchronous serial transmission types.
These slides cover the fundamentals of data communication & networking. It covers all data types which are used in communication of data over transmission medium. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
This document provides an overview of data communication systems and their key components and concepts. It discusses the basic components of a data communication system including messages, senders, receivers, transmission medium, and protocols. It then describes various concepts such as line configuration (point-to-point and multipoint), network topologies (bus, star, ring, mesh), transmission modes (simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex), and modems. The document focuses on explaining these fundamental building blocks and concepts to understand how data is transmitted between devices.
The document discusses computer network models and the physical layer of the OSI model. It provides an overview of the OSI model and its seven layers. It describes the physical layer in detail, including its responsibilities of defining the physical medium and interfaces. Various types of communication media are discussed, including twisted pair wires, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, and wireless technologies like radio, microwave, satellite, and infrared. The physical layer controls transmission rates and modes and ensures bits are transmitted from one node to the next.
Basics of data communication and computer networking (262 kb)IMRAN KHAN
The document discusses the basics of data communication and computer networking. It introduces data communication as the process of transporting data from one point to another using networks. Networks are communication systems designed to convey information from a point of origin to a point of destination. The key components of a data communication system include a transmitter that sends the message, a receiver that receives the message, a communication medium that carries the message, the message itself, and a communication protocol. Computer networks allow for the sharing of resources between connected computers.
Computer networks can be classified based on their geographical span, interconnectivity, administration, and architecture. They range from personal area networks (PANs) covering 10 meters around a device, to local area networks (LANs) within a building, to metropolitan area networks (MANs) within a city, to wide area networks (WANs) spanning countries, to the largest network, the internet, which interconnects networks worldwide. Networks allow sharing of resources like printers and storage, as well as exchange of information via email, webpages, and other applications.
A computer network connects two or more computers together to allow sharing of resources and communication between users. Common network types include local area networks (LANs) within a building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) within a city, and wide area networks (WANs) spanning multiple cities or countries. The topology, or layout of connections between devices, can take bus, star, ring or mesh forms. Protocols and layered network architectures like TCP/IP or OSI model provide standards for communication between networked devices.
This document discusses various topics related to data communications including:
1. A simplified model of data communications consisting of a source, transmitter, transmission system, receiver and destination.
2. Guided media such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber which have different characteristics like bandwidth and attenuation.
3. Wireless transmission using antennas and frequencies ranging from microwave to satellite to broadcast radio to infrared.
4. Key concepts in data communications including analog vs. digital signals, bandwidth, attenuation, noise and error rates which impact system design factors and capacity.
Academic course on Computer Network Chapter -1 for BCA, Tribhuwan University
** Applicable for other courses as well
Includes the Basic of Computer Network, Topologies, Types of Network
Data communication : entails electronically exchanging data or information. It is the movement of computer information from one point to another by means of electrical or optical transmission system. This system often is called data communication networks.
This document provides an overview of data communications and computer networks. It discusses the need for computer communication over distances, defines data communication, and describes the key components and characteristics of data communication systems. It also covers various data representation methods, transmission media, network topologies, categories of networks including LANs, MANs and WANs, and the importance of protocols and standards in networking.
This document provides an overview of data communication and networking concepts including:
- The basic components of communication systems including senders, channels, and receivers.
- Different types of communication signals and how data is transmitted.
- Various transmission media including guided media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable as well as unguided media like wireless transmission.
- Short-range and long-distance wireless technologies.
The document discusses different topics related to data communication and computer networks. It defines data transmission modes as simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex. It also discusses data signals, digital signals, analog signals, computer networks, the OSI model, TCP/IP model, broadband and baseband transmission, data modulation techniques, and sources of transmission impairment. The document serves to summarize key concepts from a class lecture on data communication.
Components of Data Communication Systems, Modes of Data Communications, Applications of Networks, Physical Topologies and their types, Categories of Networks: LAN, MAN, WAN
Data communication and network Chapter - 2Zafar Ayub
The document discusses network protocols and Ethernet. It provides details on:
- Common network protocols include Ethernet, LocalTalk, Token Ring, FDDI, and ATM. Ethernet is the most widely used protocol.
- Ethernet uses CSMA/CD access method where nodes listen before transmitting and can detect collisions. It operates at speeds of 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps, and 10 Gbps.
- Ethernet standards include IEEE 802.3 for 10BASE-T, 802.3u for 100BASE-TX, 802.3z for 1000BASE-T, and 802.3ae for 10 Gbps.
Computer communications involves the transfer of data between devices using a communications channel. Key components of communication include a sender, receiver, encoding/decoding devices, and transmission medium. Networks connect multiple devices to facilitate communication and sharing of resources. Common network types include local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). Standards define how devices communicate over networks and include protocols, topologies, and technologies like Ethernet, TCP/IP, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth.
Presentation on DATA COMMUNICATION by Cj SubhamSubham Mojumdar
Data Communication Topic for 5th semester ETC branch.
SKDAV Govt. Polytechnic, Rourkela
CONTENTS:-
(i) Introduction
(ii) Basic Parts of Data Communication
(iii)Data Transmission Types
(iv)Types of Serial Data Transmission
(v)Data Transmission Modes
(vi)Bibliography
(vii)Conclusion
This document provides an introduction to data communication. It discusses key topics such as:
- Data communication involves the exchange of data between devices via transmission media.
- Common transmission modes include simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex.
- Communication channels include narrowband, voice band, and broadband channels.
- Computer networks allow simultaneous access to shared data and devices from multiple nodes.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in computer networks:
- A computer network connects two or more devices to share resources and files using common protocols.
- Networks have five basic components: messages, senders, receivers, transmission media, and protocols.
- Communication can occur in simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex mode depending on whether devices can transmit and receive simultaneously.
- Important criteria for networks are performance, reliability, and security.
This document provides information about a course on computer networks being offered by the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at Hirasugar Institute of Technology. The course is for the 7th semester and covers Module 1 which includes introductions to data communications, network models, and the data link layer. It discusses fundamental characteristics of data communication systems including delivery, accuracy, timeliness, and jitter. It also describes components of data communication systems such as the message, sender, receiver, transmission medium, and protocols. Finally, it covers topics on data representation, data flow in simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex modes, physical structures including connection types and physical topologies.
This document provides an overview of computer communication networks and data communications. It discusses the basic components of a data communication system including messages, senders, receivers, transmission media, and protocols. It also describes different types of data representation, data flow, network models including the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite, basic network types such as LANs and WANs, and physical network topologies including bus, star, ring and mesh.
This document introduces a simple model of communication that includes a source that generates data, a transmitter that converts the data into transmittable signals, a transmission system that carries the data, a receiver that converts the received signal back into data, and a destination that receives the data. It then provides more details about each component of the model and their functions.
The document discusses computer networks and data communication. It defines a computer network as a group of interconnected computers that allows sharing of resources and information. The key components of a data communication system are sender, receiver, message, medium, and protocol. Communication can be simplex, half-duplex or full-duplex depending on the direction of data flow. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring and mesh. Local area networks (LANs) connect devices within a building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) span a city, and wide area networks (WANs) encompass large geographic areas or the entire world. The Internet is an example of interconnected networks.
This document discusses data communication and computer networks. It defines data communication as the exchange of data between devices via transmission medium. A data communication system has five components: sender, receiver, message, medium, and protocol. Communication can be simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex. The document then discusses networks, defining them as connected devices and discussing LANs (local area networks), MANs (metropolitan area networks), and WANs (wide area networks). It also covers network topologies like mesh, star, bus, ring and hybrid configurations.
This document discusses data communication and computer networks. It covers the following key points:
- Data communication systems have five components: a sender, receiver, message, medium, and protocol. Communication can be simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex.
- A computer network connects devices like computers and allows them to share resources and information. Common network types include local area networks and the Internet. Networks use distributed processing and must meet criteria for performance, reliability, and security.
- Physical network topologies include mesh, star, bus, and ring configurations. A topology defines how devices are linked together physically in a network.
Computer Networks Unit 1 Introduction and Physical Layer Dr. SELVAGANESAN S
This document discusses data communication and computer networks. It defines data communication as the exchange of data between devices via transmission medium. A data communication system has five components: sender, receiver, message, medium, and protocol. Communication can be simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex. The document also defines networks, explaining that a network allows interconnected devices to communicate and share resources. Local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs) are described as the main categories of networks.
1. Data communication systems allow exchange of data between devices via transmission mediums like wires. They must reliably and accurately deliver data to intended recipients in a timely manner.
2. Communication can occur in simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex mode depending on whether devices can transmit and receive simultaneously or one at a time.
3. Computer networks connect devices through physical topologies like mesh, star, bus or ring and logical protocols to exchange messages between senders and receivers.
The document provides an overview of computer networks and data communication. It defines key terms like data, information, data communication and its components. It describes different network types (LAN, MAN, WAN), transmission modes (simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex), network topologies (bus, star, ring, mesh, tree), and protocols (TCP/IP, OSI model). It discusses network structure, applications, and risks. The document is serving as an introduction to the topic of computer networks and data communication for a course.
A computer network allows devices to exchange data and share resources. It consists of nodes connected by communication links using either cable or wireless media. There are various network topologies including mesh, star, bus, ring, tree and hybrid. Computer networks have many applications such as sharing resources like printers, sharing information between devices, electronic communication via email and video conferencing, and backing up critical data for support. The effectiveness of a network depends on timely and accurate delivery of data to the correct destinations.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in data communications including:
1. Data communication involves the transfer of data from one machine to another so that the sender and receiver interpret the data correctly. Protocols provide rules for different operating systems to share resources.
2. The effectiveness of data communication depends on delivery, timeliness, and accuracy of data transfer without errors or alterations.
3. Components of a data communication system include the message, sender, medium, receiver, and protocols governing the exchange.
4. Computer networks can be classified as local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), or wide area networks (WANs) based on their size, geographic range, and
This chapter provides an introduction to Computer networks and covers fundamental topics like data, information to the definition of communication and computer networks.
A network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes) connected by communication links. A node can be a computer, printer, or any other device capable of sending and/or receiving data generated by other nodes on the network.
“Computer network’’ to mean a collection of autonomous computers interconnected by a single technology. Two computers are said to be interconnected if they are able to exchange information.
The connection need not be via a copper wire; fiber optics, microwaves, infrared, and communication satellites can also be used.
Networks come in many sizes, shapes and forms, as we will see later. They are usually connected together to make larger networks, with the Internet being the most well- known example of a network of networks.
There is considerable confusion in the literature between a computer network and a distributed system. The key distinction is that in a distributed system, a collection of independent computers appears to its users as a single coherent system. Usually, it has a single model or paradigm that it presents to the users. Often a layer of software on top of the operating system, called middleware, is responsible for implementing this model. A well-known example of a distributed system is the World Wide Web. It runs on top of the Internet and presents a model in which everything looks like a document (Web page).
The document provides an overview of data communication components and concepts. It discusses:
- The key components of data communication including the message, sender, receiver, transmission medium, and protocols.
- Common data communication models including the source, transmitter, transmission system, receiver, and destination.
- Characteristics of effective data communication including delivery, accuracy, and timeliness of data transmission.
- Different types of data representation and data flow including simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex transmission.
This document provides an introduction to data communications and networking. It discusses key topics such as data representation, components of a communication system, types of data flow, physical network topologies including mesh, star, bus and ring configurations, and performance and reliability considerations for networks. The overall purpose is to help readers understand how computer networks operate and the technologies and design factors involved.
This document discusses networking technology and computer networks. It defines key concepts like data communication, transmission modes, communication media, computer network components and services. Data can flow in simplex, half-duplex or full-duplex transmission modes. Communication media includes bounded media like twisted pair cables and coaxial cables, and unbounded media like wireless transmission methods. Computer networks allow interconnected computers to share resources and communicate. Basic network services include file, print, message and application services.
This document provides an introduction to basics of data communications. It discusses key topics such as:
- The three main characteristics of effective data communication are delivery, accuracy, and timeliness of data transfer.
- The five basic components of any data communication system are messages, sender, receiver, medium, and protocols.
- There are three main transmission modes: simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex.
- Common network topologies include mesh, star, bus, and ring configurations.
- Encoding and modulation techniques are used to convert digital data into signals for transmission.
Data Representation in Data Communication (1).pptxmoviebro1
Data can be represented in different forms such as text, numbers, images, audio, and video. Text is represented using character encoding systems like Unicode and ASCII. Numbers are stored as binary patterns without encoding. Images are represented as a matrix of pixels, each assigned a binary pattern depending on the image type (black/white or color). Audio is continuous data while video combines pictures and audio. Data communication involves transmitting data between devices via transmission mediums. Effective communication depends on delivery, accuracy, timeliness, and jitter. Components include messages, senders, receivers, transmission mediums, and protocols. Modes of transmission are simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex. Computer networks connect devices using transmission media
Data Representation in Data Communication (1).pptx
Data communication and Networks
1. DATA COMMUNICATION AND
NETWORKS
Presented by
K.SATHYA M.Sc.,M.Phil.,Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Science,
Valluvar college of Science and Management,
Karur.
2. Data Communication
•What is data communication?
•Data communications are the exchange of data between two
devices via some form of transmission medium such as a wire
cable.
•For data communications to occur, the communicating devices
must be part of a communication system made up of a
combination of hardware (physical equipment) and software
(programs).
•For example, a common example of data communications is a
computer connected to the Internet via a Wi-Fi connection, which
uses a wireless medium to send and receive data from one or
more remote servers.
3. •Data communications system depends on four fundamental characteristics:
1)delivery, 2)accuracy,3) timeliness, and 4)jitter.
•1.Delivery. The system must deliver data to the correct destination. Data must
be received by the intended device or user and only by that device or user.
2. Accuracy. The system must deliver the data accurately. Data that have been
altered in transmission and left uncorrected are unusable.
3. Timeliness. The system must deliver data in a timely manner.
• video and audio, timely delivery means delivering data as they are produced,
in the same order that they are produced, and without significant delay. This
kind of delivery is called real-time transmission.
4. Jitter. Jitter refers to the variation in the packet arrival time. It is the uneven
delay in the delivery of audio or video packets.
For example, let us assume that video packets are sent every 3D ms. Ifsome of
the packets arrive with 3D-ms delay and others with 4D-ms delay, an uneven
quality in the video is the result.
5. I. Message. The message is the information (data) to be communicated. Popular
forms of information include text, numbers, pictures, audio, and video.
II. Sender. The sender is the device that sends the data message. It can be a
computer, workstation, telephone handset, video camera, and so on.
III. Receiver. The receiver is the device that receives the message. It can be a
computer, workstation, telephone handset, television, and so on.
IV. Transmission medium. The transmission medium is the physical path by which
a message travels from sender to receiver. Some examples of transmission
media include twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, and radio
waves.
V. Protocol. A protocol is a set of rules that govern data communications. It
represents an agreement between the communicating devices.
6. Data Representation
• Information today comes in different forms such as text,
numbers, images, audio, and video
• TEXT: Text In data communications, text is represented as a bit
pattern, a sequence of bits (Os zeros or Is ones).
• Different sets of bit patterns have been designed to represent
text symbols.
• Each set is called a code, and the process of representing
symbols is called coding.
• Numbers :Numbers are also represented by bit patterns. a
code such as ASCII is not used to represent numbers;
• the number is directly converted to a binary number to
simplify mathematical operations.
7. Images :Images are also represented by bit patterns. In its simplest
form, an image is composed of a matrix of pixels (picture elements),
where each pixel is a small dot. The size of the pixel depends on the
resolution.
Audio: Audio refers to the recording or broadcasting of sound or music.
Audio is by nature different from text, numbers, or images.
Video: Video refers to the recording or broadcasting of a picture or
movie. Video can either be produced as a continuous entity (e.g., by a
TV camera), or it can be a combination of images, each a discrete entity,
arranged to convey the idea of motion.
Data Flow Communication between two devices can be simplex, half-
duplex, or full-duplex as shown in Figure
8.
9. SimplexI :
In simplex mode, the communication is
unidirectional, as on a one-way street.
Only one of the two devices on a link can transmit; the other
can only receive (see Figure 1.2a).
Keyboards and traditional monitors are examples of simplex
devices.
The keyboard can only introduce input; the monitor can only
accept output.
The simplex mode can use the entire capacity of the channel
to send data in one direction.
Half-Duplex :
In half-duplex mode, each station can both
transmit and receive, but not at the same time. When one
device is sending, the other can only receive, and vice versa.
10. Full-Duplex
In full-duplex m.,lle (als@ called duplex), both stations can
transmit and receive simultaneously.
The full-duplex mode is used when communication in both
directions is required all the time. The capacity of the channel,
however, must be divided between the two directions
11. NETWORK
Definition:
A network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes)
connected by communication links.
A node can be a computer, printer, or any other device
capable of sending and/or receiving data generated by other
nodes on the network.
Network Criteria:
A network must be able to meet a certain number of criteria.
The most important of these are performance, reliability, and
security.
12. Performance :
Performance can be measured in many ways, including
transit time and response time.
Transit time is the amount of time required for a
message to travel from one device to another.
Response time is the elapsed time between an inquiry
and a response
Reliability :
To accuracy of delivery, network reliability is measured
by the frequency of failure, the time it takes a link to recover
from a failure, and the network's robustness in a
catastrophe(ending).
Security:
Network security issues include protecting data from
unauthorized access, protecting data from damage and
development, and implementing policies and procedures for
recovery from breaches(loss or theft of hard copy notes )and
data losses.
13. Physical Structures
• to define some network attributes.
• Type ofConnection:
• A network is two or more devices connected through links. A
link is a communications pathway that transfers data from one
device to another.
• For visualization purposes, it is simplest to imagine any link as
a line drawn between two points
• For communication to occur, two devices must be connected
in some way to the same link at the same time.
• There are two possible types of connections: point-to-point
and multipoint.
14. Point-to-Point :
A point-to-point connection provides a dedicated link between
two devices. The entire capacity of the link is reserved for
transmission between those two devices.
Most point-to-point connections use an actual length of wire or
cable to connect the two ends, but other options, such as microwave
or satellite links, are also possible (see Figure ).
When you change television channels by infrared remote control,
you are establishing a point-to-point connection between the
remote control and the television's control system.
15.
16. Multipoint :
A multipoint (also called multidrop) connection is one in
which more than two specific devices share a single link (see
Figure ).
multipoint environment, the capacity of the channel is
shared, either spatially or temporally.
Devices can use the link simultaneously, it is a spatially
shared connection. If users must take turns, it is a timeshared
connection.
18. What is physical topology?
•The physical topology is the way you physically lay out the
network, like a map, and the logical topology is the way the
information flows on the network.
• There are four basic topologies possible: mesh, star, bus, and
ring.
a) MESH TOPOLOGY :
In mesh topology, every device is connected to another device
via particular channel.
Figure : Every device is connected with another via dedicated
channels. These channels are known as links.
If suppose, N number of devices are connected with each other
in mesh topology, then total number of ports that is required by
each device is ? N-1.
20. In the Figure , there are 5 devices connected to each other,
hence total number of ports required is 4.
If suppose, N number of devices are connected with each
other in mesh topology, then total number of dedicated links
required to connect them is NC2 i.e. N(N-1)/2.
In the Figure , there are 5 devices connected to each other,
hence total number of links required is 5*4/2 = 10.