ARPANET was the first wide-area packet switching network developed in the late 1960s under the US Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). It served as the basis for today's internet by linking computers located at Pentagon-funded research institutions. A computer network connects computers together to allow for sharing of resources like files, printers or internet access. The main types of computer networks are LAN, PAN, MAN and WAN, which differ based on the maximum distance they can connect and examples of each are provided.
What is Network Topology?
A computer network is a collection of two or more computers which are connected
together to share information and resources.
Network Technology:
The network technology is:
• Intranet
• Extranet
• Internet.
A computer is an electronic device that accepts data from the user, processes it, produces results, displays them to the users, and stores the results for future usage.
A computer network is a group of computers that use a set of common communication protocols over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources located on or provided by the network nodes.
A computer network is network of computer .It connects multiple computer in manner to enable meaningful transmission and exchange of data among them.Main objective of CN is sharing of information ,resources and processing load among the connected computer.
you can easily get basic introduction of COMPUTER NETWORK
What is Network Topology?
A computer network is a collection of two or more computers which are connected
together to share information and resources.
Network Technology:
The network technology is:
• Intranet
• Extranet
• Internet.
A computer is an electronic device that accepts data from the user, processes it, produces results, displays them to the users, and stores the results for future usage.
A computer network is a group of computers that use a set of common communication protocols over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources located on or provided by the network nodes.
A computer network is network of computer .It connects multiple computer in manner to enable meaningful transmission and exchange of data among them.Main objective of CN is sharing of information ,resources and processing load among the connected computer.
you can easily get basic introduction of COMPUTER NETWORK
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
A network consists of a collection of computers, printers and other compatible equipment/ hardware
that is connected together so that they can communicate with each other.
COMPUTER NETWORKING SUCH AS- DATA TRANSMISSION,
OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER NETWORKING,
TYPES OF NETWORK & TOPOLOGIES &
PACKET TRANSMISSION
INTERNET & INTRANET INCLUDED-
INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF INTERNET
ARCHITECTURE & FUNCTIONING OF INTERNET
WEB PAGE, HTML
BASIC SERVICES OVER INTERNET
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
A network consists of a collection of computers, printers and other compatible equipment/ hardware
that is connected together so that they can communicate with each other.
COMPUTER NETWORKING SUCH AS- DATA TRANSMISSION,
OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER NETWORKING,
TYPES OF NETWORK & TOPOLOGIES &
PACKET TRANSMISSION
INTERNET & INTRANET INCLUDED-
INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF INTERNET
ARCHITECTURE & FUNCTIONING OF INTERNET
WEB PAGE, HTML
BASIC SERVICES OVER INTERNET
Introduction to Computer Networks: Basic concept of Computer networks Goals o...MostafizurRahmanMonn
Acomputer networkis a set ofcomputersconnected together for the purpose of sharing resources. The most common resource shared today is a connection to the Internet. Other shared resources can include a printer or a file server. The Internet itself can be considered a computer network
Web application security is the process of protecting websites and online services against different security threats that exploit vulnerabilities in an application’s code . Common targets for web application attacks are content management systems Web application security is important to any business as it helps to keep web applications functioning smoothly and protect businesses from cyber vandalism, data theft, unethical competition, and other negative consequences . Web applications may face a number of attack types depending on the attacker’s goals, the nature of the targeted organization’s work. A web application (web app) is an application program that is stored on a remote server and delivered over the internet through a browser interface. Web services are web apps by definition and many, although not all, websites contain web apps.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
1. CITY UNIVERSITY
Computer Network Assignment No. 1
SEPTEMBER 5, 2021
MD SAYLAB
ID. 1834902547
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
2. What is ARPANET?
Advance research project network (ARPANET) was the network that becomes the
basis for the internet. Based on a concept first published in 1967, ARPANET was
developed under the direction of the U.S Advance research project agency (ARPA).
ARPANET was the first wide area packet switching network with distributed control
and one of the first network to implement the TCP/IP protocol suit. ARPANET was
created to make it easier for people to access computer, improve computer
equipment, and to have more effective communication method for the military. An
arm of the US defense department funded the development of the ARPANET in the
late 1990s. its initial purpose was to link computers at pentagon funded research
institutions over telephone lines.
What is computer network?
A computer network is a set of computers connected together for the purpose of
sharing resources. The most common resource shared today is connection to the
internet. Other shared resource can include a printer or a file server. The internet
itself can be considered a computer network.
There are four types of computer networks: -
1. Local Area Network (LAN)
2. Personal Area Network (PAN)
3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
4. Wide Area Network (WAN)
LAN: A local area network (LAN) is a collection of devices connected together in
one physical location, such as a building, office or home. A LAN can be small or
large, ranging from a home network with one user to an enterprise network with
thousands of users and devices in an office or school.
• It connects the network in 1 kilometer distance.
• In a local area network, it is easy to use the same software in a number of
computers connected to a network instead of purchasing the software for each
client.
• Data and message can easily be shared with the other computer connected to
the network.
• LAN provides resource sharing. It can be shared with the connected device.
• The data of all network user can be stored on a hard disk of the central
computer.
3. PAN: A personal area network (PAN) connects electronic devices within a user’s
immediate area. The size of a PAN ranges from a few centimeters to a few meters.
PANs can also connect laptops, tablets, printers, keywords and other computerized
devices. PAN network connections can either be wired or wireless.
• It connects the network in 10 meters distance.
• In PAN no extra space requires.
• No need extra cable and wire.
• Connected to many devices at a time.
• It is secure to use.
MAN: A metropolitan area network is a computer network that interconnectors
users with computer resources in a geographic region of the size of a metropolitan
area.
• It connects the network in 10 kilometers.
• It is less expensive to attach MAN with MAN network. It gives us good efficiency
of data.
• We can send local emails fast and free on MAN.
• With the installation of MAN’s, user can share their internet connection.
• MAN has a high- security level than WAN
WAN: A wide area network is a telecommunication network that extends over a
large geographic area for the primary purpose of computer networking. Wide area
networks are often established with leased telecommunication circuit.
• It connects the network in state to state or country to country.
• A WAN eliminates the need to purchase email or file server for all sites. To
switch location, we only need to set up one of our office.
• Setting up a WAN allows you to share sensitive information anywhere we do
not need to send data over the internet.
• WAN can cut costs by eliminating the need to hire multiple ISDN carriers for
telephony. Instead, we can bring our own WAN to carry them.
• Wide Area Network provide us the facility of getting updated files and data
from the server.
Goals of computer network: -
1. Sharing resources from one computer to another computer over a network
2. Performance by measuring the speed of data transmission with number of
users, connectivity and the software used
3. Reliability makes easy to use an alternative source for data communication
in case of hardware failure or connectivity issues.
4. Scalability increase the system performance by adding more processors
5. Security is the main characteristics of computer network where you can take
necessary steps for protecting your data from unauthorized access.
6. Flexible access – Files can be accessed from any computer in the network.
The project can be begun on one computer and finished on another.
4. Application of computer network: -
1. Business Application
2. Communication Medium
3. E-Commerce
4. Home Application
5. Electronic commerce
6. Mobile User
Network hardware & software: -
There are three components of computer network
1. Hardware Equipment’s
2. Software
3. Cables and Connectors
What is NIC?
A network interface card (NIC) is a hardware component without which a computer
cannot be connected over a network. It is a circuit board installed in a computer that
provides a dedicated network connection to the computer. It is also called network
interface controller, network adapter or LAN adapter.
Why is NIC used?
• NIC allows both wired and wireless communications.
• NIC allows communications between computers connected via local area
network (LAN) as well as communications over large-scale network through
Internet Protocol (IP).
• NIC is both a physical layer and a data link layer device, i.e., it provides the
necessary hardware circuitry so that the physical layer processes and some
data link layer processes can run on it.
NIC cards are of two types –
1. Internal Network Card
2. External Network Card
Internal Network Card:
In internal networks cards, motherboard has a slot for the network card where it can
be inserted. It requires network cables to provide network access. Internal network
cards are of two types. The first type uses Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)
connection, while the second type uses Industry Standard Architecture (ISA).
5. External Network Card:
In desktop and laptop that do not have an internal NIC, external NICs are used.
External network cards are two types:
1. Wireless
2. USB based.
Wireless network card needs to be inserted into the motherboard; however, no
network cable is required to connect to the network. They are useful while traveling
or accessing a wireless signal.
What is Server?
A server is a computer program or device that provides a service to another computer
program and its user also known as the client. In data center, the physical computer
that a server program runs on is also frequently referred to as a server. That machine
might be a dedicated server or it might be used for other purposes.
What is Clint?
In computing, a client is a piece of computer hardware or software that accesses a
service made available by a server as part of the client server model of computer
networks. The server is often on another computer system in which case the client
accesses the service by way of network.
What is peer?
In networking a peer is a node that provides the same functionality as another. For
example, two desktop PCs in a network are peers. A desktop PC and a server are not
peers as they perform different operations.
What is Transmission?
Transmission mode means transferring of data between two devices. It is also
known as communication mode. Buses and networks are designed to allow
communication to occur between individual devices that are interconnected.
What is medium?
Communication medium refers to the physical channel through which data is sent
and received.
The speed of data transmission or data rate depends upon the type of medium being
used in the network. There are basically two types of networks:
1. Wired network
2. Wireless network
6. What is Router?
A router received and sends data on computer networks. Routers are sometimes
confused with network hubs, modems or network switches. However, routers can
combine the functions of these components and connect with these devices, to
improve internet access or help create business networks.
What is bridge?
A network bridge is computer networking device that creates a single aggregate
network from multiple communication networks or network segments. Routing allows
multiple networks to communicate independently and yet remain separate whereas
bridging connected two separate networks as if they were a single network.
What is HUB?
A network hub is a device that allows multiple computers to communicated with each
other over network. It has several Ethernet ports that are used to connect two or
more network devices together. While switches send incoming data to a specific port,
hubs broadcast all incoming data to all active ports.
What is Switch?
A switch is device in a computer network that connects other devices together.
Multiple data cables are plugged into a switch to enable communication between
different networked devices. A device that also operates at these higher layers is
known as a multilayer switch.
What is gateway?
a gateway is a hardware device that acts as a gate between two networks. It may be
a router, firewall, server or other device that enables traffic to flow in and out of the
network.
What is Repeater?
Repeaters are network devices operating at physical layer of the OSI model that
amplify or regenerate an incoming signal before retransmitting it. They are
incorporated in networks to expand its coverage area. They are also known as signal
boosters.
IP: An internet protocol address is a numerical label assigned to each device
connected to a computer network that uses the internet protocol for communication.
An IP address server two main function:
1. Host or network interface identification
2. Location addressing
7. What is Twisted Pair Cable?
Twisted-pair cable is a type of cabling that is used for telephone communications and
most modern Ethernet networks. A pair of wires forms a circuit that can transmit
data. The pairs are twisted to provide protection against crosstalk, the noise
generated by adjacent pairs.
There are two types of twisted pair cable: -
3. Unshielded Twisted-Pair Cable (UTP)
4. Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable (STP)
What is Coaxial Cable?
A coaxial cable is a type of shielded and insulated copper cable that is used in
computer networks and to deliver cable TV services to end users. It was first
commercially implemented in the early 1940s and is used for both baseband and
broadband data communication services.
What is Fiber Optic Cable?
A fiber optic cable is a network cable that contains strands of glass fibers inside an
insulated casing. They're designed for long-distance, high-performance data
networking, and telecommunications. Fiber optic cables support much of the
world's internet, cable television, and telephone systems.
It has three parts:
Core: It is a central tube as shown in the diagram. It is of skinny size and made up
of the optically transparent dielectric medium. It carries the light from the transmitter
to the receiver. The diameter of the core varies from 5um to 100um.
Cladding: it is the outer optical material surrounding the core. Its reflective index is
lower than the core. It helps to keep the light within the core as it uses the
phenomena of total internal reflection.
Jacket: As the bare fiber is easily broken, fiber optic cable jacket is needed to provide
protection for the shielding and conductors within the cable. The cable jacket is the
first line of moisture, mechanical, flame and chemical defense for a fiber cable.