The document summarizes the main components and functions of the human nervous system. It describes the central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord. It also describes the peripheral nervous system including cranial nerves and spinal nerves. Finally, it discusses the different types of neurons, their functions, and how they transmit signals in the body.

1. The nervous system Content by Megan McDonald

2. CNS Central Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord

3. PNS Peripheral Nervous System Spinal Nerves Cranial Nerves

4. CNS PNS Afferent (Sensory) Efferent (Motor) Sense organ Somatic (voluntary) Autonomic (involuntary) Parasympathetic Sympathetic

5. Activity Marieb colouring book Chapter 7, Qu.2, Page 132

6. Nervous system function Sensory – afferent Integrative – information processed Motor - efferent

7. Nervous tissue Neurons – Afferent, interneurons, efferent Neuroglia – supporting cells

8. Neurons Nerve cell Initiates, propagates and transmits electrical signals.

9. Neuron

10. Neuroglia Supporting cell of nervous system Astrocytes – metabolic, physical support; brain Oligodendrocytes – myelin forming; CNS Ependymal cells – produces CSF Microglia – repair damaged neurons; CNS Schwann cells – myelin forming; PNS

11. Activity 14.3 Marieb colouring book Chapter 7, Qu.7, Page 135 Chapter 7, Qu.6, Page 131

12. Activity 14.4 Purple book

13. Neuron function Stimulus Excitability Synapse Action potential

14. Action Potential Resting state – inside cell membrane is more –ve than outside Depolarisation – inside membrane becomes +ve Repolarisation – inside membrane returns to –ve.

15. Synapse Neurons not connected physically Gaps between neurons Impulses pass over synapses via neurotransmitters

16. Reflex Arc Rapid action without conscious control Occurs at spinal cord level

17. Reflex Arc Stimulus Afferent neuron Spinal cord Efferent neuron Muscle Contracts

19. Activity 14.5 Marieb colouring book Chapter 7, Qu.11, Page 137

20. Central Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord

23. Cerebrum Left and right hemispheres Hemispheres joined by corpus callosum Gyri – ridges Sulci – grooves Fissures – deep grooves Lobes – regions of cerebrum Cerebral cortex – grey matter

24. Cerebrum Frontal Lobe Personality Decision making Co-ordination of complex movements Speech (L) motor

25. Cerebrum Parietal Lobe Sensation Proprioception Understanding of sensation Speech comprehension

26. Cerebrum Occipital Lobe Vision Interpreting vision

27. Cerebrum Temporal Lobe Motivation Emotion Memory Hearing

28. Cerebrum

29. Diencephalon Enclosed by cerebral hemispheres Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus Pineal body Choroid plexus

31. Brainstem Connects cerebrum and cerebellum to spinal cord Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata

32. Cerebellum “ Little brain” Posterior and inferior to cerebrum Posture and balance

33. Basal Nuclei AKA Basal ganglia Masses of neuron cell bodies Lentiform nucleus Caudate nucleus Substantia nigra

34. Activity 14.6 Marieb colouring book Chapter 7, Qu.13, Page 138 Chapter 7, Qu.15, Page 138 Chapter 7, Qu.16, Page 139 Chapter 7, Qu.17, Page 140 Chapter 7, Qu.18, Page 141

35. CNS Protection Bony Membranous (meninges) Cerebral Spinal Fluid Blood brain barrier

36. Meninges Three layers of tissue form meninges Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater

37. CSF Cerebrospinal Fluid Contained between Arachnoid and Pia maters In subarachnoid space Formed by choroid plexus Contained in ventricles Nourishment

39. Activity 14.7 Purple book

40. Spinal Cord Continuation of medulla oblongata 31 pairs of spinal nerves Conducts afferent and efferent signals Reflex arc

42. PNS Peripheral Nervous System Cranial Nerves Spinal Nerves

43. Cranial Nerves 12 Pairs Originate in brain Pge 149

44. Cranial Nerves I I Olfactory II Optic III Oculomotor IV Trochlear V Trigeminal VI Abducens VII Facial VIII Vestibulocochlear I Olfactory

45. Cranial Nerves I I Olfactory IX Glossopharyngeal X Vagus XI Accessory XII Hypoglossal

46. Spinal Nerves 31 Pairs 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 sacral 1 coccygeal

47. Spinal Plexus Cervical Lumbosacral Brachial Preserves (some) function in case of injury

49. Somatic Nervous System Conscious control Efferent impulses – to muscles Afferent impulses – from skin etc

50. Autonomic Nervous System Unconscious control Sympathetic Parasympathetic

51. Activity 14.11 Purple book

52. Homework! Muscle chart Anat family

53. Thank you