Earlier in the month, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence issued a new guideline on bacterial meningitis and meningococcal disease in children. At the symposium we had two members of the Guideline Development Group. As well as our own Linda Glennie, we were joined by Dr Nelly Ninis, consultant paediatrician at St Mary's Hospital, who was able to explain the implications of this important guideline on the early recognition and treatment of septicaemia.
Meningitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. A bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord usually causes the swelling. However, injuries, cancer, certain drugs, and other types of infections also can cause meningitis.
Meningitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. A bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord usually causes the swelling. However, injuries, cancer, certain drugs, and other types of infections also can cause meningitis.
Module: Pharmacology and Therapeutics III, (Therapeutics part)
Coordinator: Dr. Arwa M. Amin Mostafa
Academic Level: Undergraduate, B.Pharmacy
School: Dubai Pharmacy College
Year of first presented in Class: 2018
This presentation is for Educational purpose. It has no commercial value associated with it.
Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges. The meninges are the three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis can occur when fluid surrounding the meninges becomes infected. The most common causes of meningitis are viral and bacterial infections.
How do people get meningitis?
Bacteria that enter the bloodstream and travel to the brain and spinal cord cause acute bacterial meningitis. But it can also occur when bacteria directly invade the meninges. This may be caused by an ear or sinus infection, a skull fracture, or — rarely — some surgeries.
Symptoms of meningitis, septicaemia and meningococcal disease include:
a high temperature.
cold hands and feet.
vomiting.
confusion.
breathing quickly.
muscle and joint pain.
pale, mottled or blotchy skin.
spots or a rash.
During my 1st &2nd year of residency period , i used to teach Anatomy and Orthopaedics for foreign undergraduate medical students. At last year i taught Neurology for one batch. so i posted some of my collections for competely educational purpose coz i believe in knowledge ...inseted of deleting these ppts , they may me useful for others so i shared it ....
Acute meningoencephalitis Powerpoint presentation.
It comprises of acute meningitis and acute encephalitis, their clinical features, physical assesment, diagnosis and treatment.
Module: Pharmacology and Therapeutics III, (Therapeutics part)
Coordinator: Dr. Arwa M. Amin Mostafa
Academic Level: Undergraduate, B.Pharmacy
School: Dubai Pharmacy College
Year of first presented in Class: 2018
This presentation is for Educational purpose. It has no commercial value associated with it.
Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges. The meninges are the three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis can occur when fluid surrounding the meninges becomes infected. The most common causes of meningitis are viral and bacterial infections.
How do people get meningitis?
Bacteria that enter the bloodstream and travel to the brain and spinal cord cause acute bacterial meningitis. But it can also occur when bacteria directly invade the meninges. This may be caused by an ear or sinus infection, a skull fracture, or — rarely — some surgeries.
Symptoms of meningitis, septicaemia and meningococcal disease include:
a high temperature.
cold hands and feet.
vomiting.
confusion.
breathing quickly.
muscle and joint pain.
pale, mottled or blotchy skin.
spots or a rash.
During my 1st &2nd year of residency period , i used to teach Anatomy and Orthopaedics for foreign undergraduate medical students. At last year i taught Neurology for one batch. so i posted some of my collections for competely educational purpose coz i believe in knowledge ...inseted of deleting these ppts , they may me useful for others so i shared it ....
Acute meningoencephalitis Powerpoint presentation.
It comprises of acute meningitis and acute encephalitis, their clinical features, physical assesment, diagnosis and treatment.
Consultant in Genreral Paediatrics at St Mary's Hospital, Padding, London talks at Meningitis Research Foundation's Pushing the Boundaries: Life beyond limb loss day in October 2014
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
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The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
5. BMJ 1906 “… .. The case was so manifestly a hopeless one that all that could be expected was the melancholy of establishing the diagnosis….”
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9. HORDER 1918 With a disease so protean in its manifestations, it is not surprising that frequent errors should arise in diagnosis. The chief difficulty lies in not suspecting the presence of the disease
10. RECOGNITION OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF MENINGITIS AND SEPTICAEMIA Key to changing prognosis is early recognition. This can only be achieved with education about symptoms and signs
33. MENINGITIS PATHWAY Additional information: Alternative aetiologies- HSV/ TB Prescriptive on investigations Advice on CT scanning Fluids: do not restrict, monitor electrolytes, feed if possible
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Editor's Notes
NOTES FOR PRESENTERS: Key points to raise: Refer your audience to the table of symptoms and signs of bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia on pages 8 and 9 of the quick reference guide (QRG) and the NICE guideline. Common non-specific features of presentations in children and young people include fever, vomiting/nausea, lethargy, irritability/unsettled, ill appearance, refusing food or drink, headache, muscle ache/joint pain, respiratory symptoms/signs or breathing difficulty. Young babies may present with irritability and refusal to feed. Children and young people with septicaemia may present with the symptoms above, plus: chills/shivering, non-blanching rash, altered mental state, cold hands and feet, unusual skin colour, leg pain, back rigidity. The rash associated with meningococcal disease ranges from a non-specific macular rash to the characteristic purpuric (raised, non-blanching, bluish purple) rash which is mostly seen with septicaemia but is not always initially present. (This reference is taken from the full guideline). Be aware that a rash may be less visible in darker skin tones – check soles of feet, palms of hands and conjunctivae. Fever may not always present, especially in neonates. Additional information: The guideline assumes that fever in children younger than 5 years will be managed according to ‘Feverish illness in children‘ (NICE clinical guideline 47) until bacterial meningitis or meningococcal septicaemia is suspected. Recommendation 1.1.1 is provided in full in the notes of the following slide.
NOTES FOR PRESENTERS: Other recommendations to highlight during your presentation: Perform a very careful examination for signs of underlying meningitis or septicaemia in children and young people presenting with petechial rashes (see table 1 in the NICE guideline or the QRG). [1.3.1] Healthcare professionals should be aware that classical signs of meningitis (neck stiffness, bulging fontanelle, high-pitched cry) are often absent in infants with bacterial meningitis (this recommendation is from ‘Feverish illness in children‘ [NICE clinical guideline 47]). [1.1.3] Some children with bacterial meningitis present with seizures (see table 2 in ‘Feverish illness in children‘ [NICE clinical guideline 47]). Consider other non-specific features of the child‘s or young person‘s presentation, such as: - the level of parental or carer concern - how quickly the illness is progressing, and - clinical judgement of the overall severity of the illness. [1.1.5] Recommendation 1.1.1 i n full: Consider bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia in children and young people who present with the symptoms and signs in table 1. Be aware that: some children and young people will present with mostly non-specific symptoms or signs and the conditions may be difficult to distinguish from other less important (viral) infections presenting in this way children and young people with the more specific symptoms and signs are more likely to have bacterial meningitis or meningococcal septicaemia and the symptoms and signs may become more severe and more specific over time. Recognise shock (see table 1) and manage urgently in secondary care.
NOTES FOR PRESENTERS: Other recommendations to highlight during your presentation: Suspected bacterial meningitis without non-blanching rash Transfer cases of suspected bacterial meningitis without non-blanching rash directly to secondary care without giving parenteral antibiotics. [1.2.2] If urgent transfer to hospital is not possible, administer antibiotics [in line with recommendations in the NICE guideline]. [1.2.3] Suspected meningococcal disease (non-blanching rash or meningococcal septicaemia) Give parenteral antibiotics (intramuscular or intravenous benzylpenicillin) at the earliest opportunity, either in primary or secondary care. [1.2.4] Do not delay urgent transfer to hospital to give the parenteral antibiotics. [1.2.4] Withhold benzylpenicillin only in children and young people who have a clear history of anaphylaxis after a previous dose; a history of a rash following penicillin is not a contraindication. [1.2.5] If urgent transfer to hospital is not possible (for example, in remote locations or adverse weather conditions) administer antibiotics to children and young people with suspected bacterial meningitis. [1.2.3] Recommendation 1.2.1 in full: Primary care healthcare professionals should transfer children and young people with suspected bacterial meningitis or suspected meningococcal septicaemia to secondary care as an emergency by telephoning 999. [1.2.1]
NOTES FOR PRESENTERS: Key points to raise: In children and young people with suspected bacterial meningitis or meningococcal septicaemia undertake and record physiological observations of heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, temperature, perfusion (capillary refill) and neurological assessment (for example the Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive [AVPU] scale) at least hourly. Recommendation 1.1.1 is provided in full in notes of the previous slide: Additionally, it can be found in table 1 on page 9 of the quick reference guide or in the NICE version of the guideline.