This document discusses the potential applications of nanotechnology and nanorobots in neurology and neurosurgery. It describes how nanorobots using molecular nanotechnology could be used for targeted drug delivery in the brain, nano-manipulation, nano-imaging, and non-surgical nano-repair. Advanced nanorobots may one day be able to keep all human body cells in perfect repair to prevent disease and aging. For neurology applications to be realized, advances are needed in chemistry, materials science, molecular biology, and neurophysiology, along with the design of specific nanoengineered applications for the nervous system.

1. NANOROBOTS IN
NEUROLOGY
P. Sarath Chandra, Dept. of ME, URCE,
Member of Students’ chapter, IE(I).

2. Nano-Technology
Nanotechnology can be defined as the science and engineering involved in the
design, synthesis, characterization, and application of materials and devices whose smallest
functional organization, in at least one dimension, is on the nanometer scale or one billionth of
a meter, and the promise that nanotechnology brings is multifaceted, not only offering
improvements to the current techniques but also providing entirely new tools and capabilities.
Nanotechnology, it has become an increasingly promising area of research and development
which has the potential to revolutionize medical sciences.
Current research of Nano medicine focuses on its uses as drug delivery devices, through the
utilization of buckminsterfullerene, which we term as Nano robots.

3. Nano- Robot
Nano robot is a term used to describe future microscopic robots that could have a wide range of uses.
Nanotechnology as a science has evolved from notions and speculation to emerge as a prominent
combination of science and engineering, which stands to impact innumerable aspects of technology.
Such a prudential work has been coined in the field of medicine esp. in neuro surgery. Nanorobots
using molecular nanotechnology (MNT) is going to change the future and offer possible future
technologies for Neuro sciences & Neuro engineering.

4. Nano techniques
Various Nano techniques will make substantial contributions to the advancement of
neurosurgery in the near future, such as :
(1) Nano manipulation,
(2) Nano imaging,
(3) Non-surgical Nano repair and
(4) Nanoneuromodulation.

5. Neurological Nanorobots
Nano robots are injectors, containing a yellow liquid that they can inject using their needle tip. They could be treating
a brain disease. The Nano robots use propellers to move in the surrounding liquid. The nerve cells have a central cell
body (that can be as large as 0.1 millimeters across), with thin threads (axons and dendrites) forming the connections
of the neural network.
Used for target drug delivery
Advanced nanorobots will keep all
human body cells in perfect
repair, preventing disease and aging.

6. Nano Scaling
Bottom-up approach
• these systems are built from single atoms or
molecules assembled chemically.
Top-down approach
• these nanostructures are created from splitting
down larger systems to its base elements.

7. Three things that must occur in parallel for nanotechnology applications in neurology and neurosurgery to come
to fruition are:
advances in chemistry and materials science that produce ever more sophisticated synthetic
and characterization approaches
advances in the molecular biology, neurophysiology, and neuropathology of the nervous system
and
the design and integration of specific nanoengineered applications to the nervous
system, which take advantage of the first two points.

8. Brain-Computer Interaction

9. Cell repair by nanorobot using MNT
Illustrated here is a cell repair robot called a chromallocyte. After
the chromallocyte (in upper half of picture) locates and docks with
the cell nucleus (in lower half of picture), it extends a tool-tipped
robotic arm into the nucleoplasm. The job of this nanorobot is to
replace old damaged chromosomes with new ones in every cell.

10. Psychiatry will have to develop new ways of understanding the cyborgian mind. Psychopharmaceuticals
are being developed now to try to control cognitive and affective traits, and it is likely that BCIs will be
able to have similar effects. We already see the beginning of that process with the use of deep brain
stimulation for psychiatric disorders. The ability to access the brain, to understand its inner workings, to
connect it to external devices, promises remarkable resources to aid the infirm as well as worrisome
opportunities to cause harm. It is important to develop these technologies with a careful eye towards
using them responsibly.
Nanorobot’s sensor identification

11. Conclusions
Nanotechnology has proven to great potential for providing neurotherapeutic modalities to limit
and reverse the neuropathology by supporting and promoting functional regeneration of
damaged neurons, providing neuroprotection, and facilitating the delivery of neuroactives such
as drugs, genes and cells across boundaries.
Hope in better future, these technologies could create a drastic change in human life and life
style and it can be possible to treat and cure deadly diseases like cancer, tumor, psychological
problems, cell repair, non-bleeding surgeries etc

12. References
http:/
/www.alcor.org/Library
/html/MNTscenario.html
http:/
/www.sciencephoto.com/media/348330/view
http:/
/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2958320
The Year in Neurology 2, Volume 2 by Richard T. Johnson
APNF Asia Pacific Nanotechnology Forum News Journal Vol 6,
No. 1, January 2007
Nanorobot control design by Adriano Cavalcanti