This document defines myocardial infarction (MI) as the death of a portion of heart muscle cells due to inadequate oxygen from poor blood flow. Common causes of MI include atherosclerosis and blood clots. Signs and symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, arrhythmias, nausea, sweating, and fatigue. Diagnostic tests include electrocardiograms (ECGs) and blood tests to detect elevated markers of heart muscle damage. Treatment involves admission to a cardiac unit, oxygen, medications like aspirin, nitrates, blood thinners, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and statins, as well as possible surgical procedures like bypass surgery or angioplasty.

1. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
(MI)
Presented by
Amer M. Nasir
Lecturer Assistance

2. L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V
E SOn completion of this chapter, the learner will be able to:
•Definition of Myocardial Infarction (MI).
•Identification of common causes of
myocardial infaraction.
•Identification Signs and symptoms of
myocardial infaraction .
•Identification of Diagnostic tests used for
myocardial infaraction.
•Identification of management of MI.

3. Definition
Death of portion of the myocardial muscle
cells caused by a lack of oxygen from
inadequate perfusion.

5. Causes
1-Atherosclerosis.
•2-Embolism or thrombus.

6. Signs and Symptoms
• 1- Crushing, burning, tightness, or
squeezing substernal pain: may radiated to
the jaw, neck, ears, or shoulders.
• -Lasts longer than anginal pain,usually longer
than 30 minutes.
• -Unrelived by rest or nitroglycerin.
• -May not be present (asymptpmatic or silent (MI).

7. Signs and Symptoms
2-Dyspnea
3-Arrythmiase.
4-Nausea and vomiting.
5-Diaphoreses.
6-Fatigue (especially in women).

8. Chest PainChest Pain

9. Laboratory and Diagnostic Test
• ECG : Elevation of ST segment.
1-ECG: elevation ST segment.
1-ECG: elevation ST segment.

10. IV. Laboratory and Diagnostic Test
2-Elevate myoglobin and troponin

11. Management of MI:
•1-Admission to CCU (Cardiac care unit) at least 72
hours.
•2-Oxygen.
3-Two line canula.

12. Management of MI:
4-pharmacological treatment include:
1-Antipletlets(chewing 325mg of Aspirine) or
plavix (clopiodegrel).
2-Nitrates :(Angeside , Isordil).
3-Thrombolytics :( Actylase, metalase).
4_Anticoagulants: (heparin).
5-Beta-adrenergic blockers: (Betaloc).
6-ACE inhibitors :(capotin).
7-Pain killer: (pethidine,Tramal).
8-Sedative: (Valium).
9-Lipid lowering agents: (Statin group).

13. Complications
1-Arrhythmias
2-Heart failure.
3-Cardiogenic shock.

14. Possible surgical intervention
• coranory artery bypass graft (CAPG)
• percatenous transluminal coronary angioplasty
(PTCA)