Muscle hypertrophy is an increase in muscle size through growth of muscle cells. There are two types: sarcoplasmic hypertrophy which increases fluid volume but not strength, and myofibrillar hypertrophy which increases contractile proteins and adds strength. Factors that cause hypertrophy include microtrauma, muscle recruitment, nutrition, mitochondria, myoglobin, growth hormones, gender, and genetic responses. Older age decreases healing and immunization while greater microtrauma and recruitment lead to more growth. Increased protein intake and mitochondria provide more energy for growth. Males tend to have more due to hormones like testosterone. Contraction of contractile proteins may also promote hypertrophy but the mechanisms are still

2. Research Process
and Statistical
Technic
By:-
Arindam Deb
M.P.Ed sem II

4. Muscle hypertrophy is an increase in
the size of a muscle through an increase
in the size of its componentcells.
Dependingon the typeof training,
the hypertrophycan occur through
increased sarcoplasmic volume or
increased contractile proteins.

5. TYPES OF HYPERTROPHY
 The volume
of sarcoplasmic fluid in
the muscle cell
increases with no
accompanying increase
in muscular strength.
 Sarcoplasmic
hypertrophy is
characteristic of the
muscles of
certain BODYBUILDER
 Actins and Myosin
contractile proteins
increase in number and
add to muscular strength
as well as a small
increase in the size of
the muscle.
 Myofibrillar hypertrophy
is characteristic of
POWERLIFTER.
MYOFIBRILLAR SARCOPLASMIC
H
c

8. CAUSES OF HYPERTROPHY
AGE
MUSCLE RECRUITMENT
MICROTRAUMA
NO OF MITOCHONDRIA
MUSCULAR NUTRITION

9. MYOGLOBIN PROTEIN
GROWTH HORMONES
GENDER
GENETIC RESPONSES
CONTRACTION IN
CONTRACTILE PROTEINS

10. AGE
• HEALING OF MICROTRAUMA DECREASES.
• IMUNIZATION PROCESS BECOMES SLOW.
• OTHER COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS BECOMES WEAK.

11. MICROTRAUMA
 MORE THE MICROTRAUMA MORE THE INCREASE IN THE SIZE
OF THE MUSCLES.
 IT IS THE SMALL INJURIES TO THE MUSCLE FIBRES.

12. MUSCLE RECRUITMENT

13. MUSCULAR NUTRITION
 PROTEIN IN DIET DOMINATES THE
HYPERTROPHY AS PROTEIN INCREASES
THE SIZE OF MUSCLES AS IT FULLFILS THE
DEMAND OF EXTRA PROTEIN IN THE
MUSCLE CELL.

14. NO. OF MITOCHONDRIA
 MITOCHONDRIATRAPS THE ATP INTHECELL.
 MORE THE MITOCHONDRIA INTHE CELLS THENTHEIR
WILL BEMORE ENERGY TOSERVE THE ACTIVE MUSCLE
CELLSO THESUFFICIENTAMOUNTOFATPPROMOTES THE
HYPERTROPHY.

15. MYOGLOBIN PROTEIN
 MYOGLOBIN IS A PROTEIN PRESENT IN THE MUSCLES WHICH
TRAPS THE NUTRITION FROM THE BLOOD SO, IF THERE IS
ADEQUATE AMOUNT OF PROTEIN THE THEIR WILL BE MORE OF
ENERGY AVAILABLEFOR THE CELL TO INCREASE THEIR SIZE.

16. GENDER
• MALES ARE TENDS TO HAVE MORE
HYPERTROPHY THEN FEMALES BECAUSE
OF FOLLOWING REASONS:
• NOOF MUSCLE FIBRES
• SIZE OF MUSCLE FIBRES.
• GROWTH HORMONES.

17.  MALES HAVEDOMINANCEOF THEGROWTHHORMONES WHICH
PROMOTES THE HYPERTROPHY.
 LIKETESTISTERONE, ADRANALINE

18. CONTRACTION IN CONTRACTILE PROTEIN
 ONLY A HIGH CONTRACTION IN THE MUSLE FIBRE CAN PROMOTE
HYPERTROPHY.
c

19. IT IS A STILL A CONTRIVERSIAL ISSUE AND ITS STEPS ARE NOT YET
CLEAR.
INHYPERTROPHY OF THE MUSCLES SOME OF THE FAMILY OF THE
GENES ARE ACTIVATED LIKE , C-FOS, C-JUN, AND MYC.
GENETIC RESPONSES

20. !

21. IF