Muscle Development
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There are three main types of muscle fibers defined by their speed of contraction and ATP production pathways: slow oxidative fibers that contract slowly and use aerobic pathways, fast oxidative fibers that contract quickly with moderate fatigue resistance, and fast glycolytic fibers that contract quickly but fatigue easily. Aerobic exercise increases muscle capillaries, mitochondria, and myoglobin while resistance exercise leads to muscle hypertrophy and increased mitochondria, myofilaments, and glycogen stores. Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited muscle-destroying diseases where muscles enlarge due to fat and connective tissue deposits but muscle fibers atrophy.
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210 lower limb rs
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the lower limb. It begins by outlining the objectives of describing the basic anatomy of the bones, joints, muscles, vasculature, lymphatics and nerves of the lower limb. It then divides the lower limb into various regions including the gluteal region, thigh, knee, leg, ankle and foot. For each region, it provides details on relevant bones, ligaments, muscles, vessels and nerves. It emphasizes the functions of muscles and describes common clinical conditions that physical therapists and radiologists may encounter involving the lower limb.
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BFR training may be beneficial to:
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1. Discuss the relationship between distribution of muscle fiber type and performance. How might exercise training modify or change a person’s fiber-type distribution?
Muscle fiber types is a subject that unfortunately is often a neglected one. Understanding what the different muscle fiber types are, how these fibers are activated, what type of fuels they use and how fast they recover will provide you with an understanding that will enable you to create a personalized program based on the goals that you want to achieve (Rivera 2017). According to Wilmore, there are four different types of muscle fibers: type I, type IIa, type IIb, and type IIc (Wilmore, 2008). The differences and relationship between distributions of muscles are described as follow:
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· Type IIa which is also called fast-twitch fibers. These fibers have much less blood flow in them, have a moderate tolerance to fatigue and can handle moderate amounts of work.
· Type IIb fibers have a speedy contraction and relaxation time, and produce increased amounts of force. They generate power through anaerobic means with low myoglobin content. Rivera (2017)
· Type IIc –they require oxygen as fuel and because of this, they are the ones most used in endurance type of sports like running, cycling, and cross country.
Type I fibers take approximately 110 ms to reach peak tension when stimulated whereas, Type IIa fibers can reach peak tension in about 50 ms (Wilmore, 2008); because the type IIa fibers have a quick contraction time, they create energy by both aerobic and anaerobic means with high myoglobin content. However, there is less blood flow in these fibers; they have a fair tolerance to exhaustion and can manage a reasonable amount of work. In Type IIb –these fibers have a very low tolerance to fatigue and need a high period of recovery after use.
Hypertrophy is when skeletal muscle cells chemically bind with type IIb fibers to create type IIc muscle fibers. Bodybuilders have the most of these type fibers; they add mass and structural support for the muscle. This muscle fiber can expand the characteristics of either the fast twitch or slow twitch fibers with proper training. On the average, most people have a distribution of 50% Type IIa fibers, 25% Type IIb and 25% Type IIc. However, the body has the capability to change these ratios based on the stimulus imposed” (Rivera, 2017).
2. Describe the mechanisms by which muscle glycogen is broken down to glucose for use in glycolysis.
Glucagon breaks down glycogen into glucose and this increases the absorption of glucose, which raises blood sugar. The changing of a particle of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate involves the disbursement or input of one ATP particle. During muscle glycogen break down the process of glycolysis releases ATP then gluco ...
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Dear all,
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Muscle Development
- 1. Table 9.2
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