This document discusses different types of exercises used in physiotherapy, including free exercises, assisted exercises, assisted-resisted exercises, and resisted exercises. It defines each type and describes techniques, effects, and uses. Free exercises use only voluntary muscle action and can be localised or general. Assisted exercises involve a therapist providing support and assistance during a movement. Assisted-resisted exercises combine assistance and resistance. Resisted exercises use forces like weights or elastic bands to oppose muscle movement. The document also covers types of resistance like weights, pulleys, springs, and water. It describes progression of resistance exercises by increasing weight, leverage, speed, or duration. Finally, it discusses reflex movements and specific reflexes like the stretch reflex

1. Dr. T.SunilKumar
MPT
Assistant Professor
SIPR

2. Movements performed or controlled by
the voluntary action of muscles, working
in opposition to an external force.
Free exercise
Assisted exercise
Assisted-Resisted exercise
Resisted exercise
DEFINATION

5. FREE EX’S:
• CLASSIFICATION
• Localised
• General
•subjective
•objective
• TECHNIQUES
• Starting position
• Co-operation
• Speed
• Duration
• EFFECTS & USES:
• Relaxation
• Joint mobility
• Muscle power &
tone
• Confidence
• Circulatory &
Respiratory
confidence
ASSISTED EX’S:
• TECHNIQUES
• Starting position
• Pattern of
movement
• Support
• Action of
antagonists
• Assisting force
• Character of
movement
• Repetitions
• Co-operation
• EFFECTS & USES:
• Production of
movement
• Memory of
pattern
• Confidence
• Joint range
ASSISTED &
RESISTAED EX’S
• TECHNIQUES
• Starting position
• Pattern of
movement
• Support
• Action of
antagonists
• Assisting &
Resisting force
• Character of
movement
• Repetitions
• Co-operation
• EFFECTS & USES:
RESISTED EX’S
• TECHNIQUES
• Starting
position
• Pattern of
movement
• Stabilisation
• Traction
• Resisting force
• Character of
movement
• Repetitions
• Co-operation
• EFFECTS & USES:
• Muscle power
• Blood flow
• Blood pressure
• Heat

6. • To prevent waste of effort and to ensure smooth
controlled pressure.
• Resistance can be varied according to the power.
PHYSIOTHERAPIST
• He can resist with his normal limb or by his body.
• It cannot measured or felt by the therapist.PATIENT
• Simple & effective method of resistance.
• Sandbags , Metal weight or Medicine ball which
can be applied by attachment to a shoe or to any
part by strap or keep in hand.
WEIGHTS
• Muscle need not be required to work against
resistance of both gravity & weight.
• Relaxation stop on the circuit gives relaxation at
the end movements.
WEIGHT & PULLEY
CIRCUITS
RESISTANCES

7. •Resisting force by spring increase progressively when
it stretched or compressed.
•Impossible to match resistance to their capacity.
SPRINGS
•Putty, clay, wax, plasticine & wet sand are used.
•Used for both strengthening & mobilising the hands.MELLEABLES
•Resistance by water increases with speed & surface
area of the part moved.
•When the movement is vertical, buoyancy adds to the
resistance on the way down & cancels out much of
resistance on the way up.
WATER

8. weights

9. Pulley circuits

10. Elastic bands

11. Water

12. PROGRESSION
INCREASE IN
WEIGHT
• PROGRESSIVE
INCREASE IN
WEIGHT WILL
INCREASE
POWER,
VOLUME.
INCREASE IN
LEVERAGE
• RESISTACE
OFFERED BY
WEIGHT DEPENDS
UPON POINT OF
APPLICATION IN
RELATION TO
FULCRUM.
ALTERATION IN
SPEED
• ACCORDING TO
THE SPEED
VARIATION THE
EFFECT OF
RESISTANCE WILL
INCREASE.
INCREASE IN
DURATION
• AS THE MUSCLE
WARMUP
RESISTANCE WILL
BE LESS, AS
DURATION
PROLONGED
MUSCLE BECOME
FATIGUE & FEELS
MORE RSISTANCE.

13. • The motor response to sensory
stimulation.
• Reflex movement are protective in
character or concern with the repetition
of movement patterns which have
become automatic or habitual.
REFLEX
MOVEMENT
• Reflex arc is the pathway of impulses
consists of two neurones (i) an afferent
neurone which leads from sensory
receptor organ to the CNS &
• (ii) an efferent neurone leading from
the CNS to effector organ(muscle fibres)
REFLEX ARC
INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS

14. • This is a spinal reflex activated by
stretching a muscle.
• Responds by contracting and
developing tension to counteract
the stretching force
STRETCH
REFLEX

15. RIGHTING REFLEXES:
• Series of reflexes
concerned with the
maintenance &
restoration of
equilibrium.
• Pushing the patient off
balance elicits a series of
mass movements
designed to restore
balance and save him
from falling.
POSTURAL REFLEXES:
• An efferent response to
an afferent stimulus. The
efferent response in this
instance is a motor one,
the anti-gravity muscles
being the principal
effector organs.
• Afferent stimuli arise
from a variety of sources
all over the body, the
most important receptor
being situated in the
muscles themselves, the
eyes & the ears.