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Muscles, Joints and Movement
- 1. Raymond G BuickFRCS 9 mins
- 3. A muscle isa tissue that has the ability to contract Types of Muscle tissue: Skeletal Cardiac Smooth muscle
- 4. Skeletal andcardiac muscle are striated However, the term “striated”, usually refers to skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle
- 5. Skeletal Muscle – striatedmuscle Consists of parallel bundles of long multinucleate fibres Produces the movements of the skeleton
- 6. Parts of theskeletal muscle Fleshy Part: belly, contractile Fibrous Part: Tendon or Aponerosis Less elastic Less vascular Resistant to friction Fleshy Belly Tendon
- 7. Each musclefibre is an individual muscle cell It has an outer cell membrane called sarcolemma The cell cytoplasm is called sarcoplasm Nuclei are multiple, oval in shape and peripherally placed
- 8. Epimysium covers the entiremuscle Perimysium surrounds fascicles Endomysium surrounds individual fibres
- 9. Epimysium covers the entiremuscle Perimysium surrounds fascicles Endomysium surrounds individual fibres
- 10. Epimysium covers the entiremuscle Perimysium surrounds fascicles Endomysium surrounds individual fibres Fascicle
- 11. Epimysium covers the entiremuscle Perimysium surrounds fascicles Endomysium surrounds individual fibres Endomysium
- 12. Epimysium covers the entiremuscle Perimysium surrounds fascicles Endomysium surrounds individual fibres Sarcolemma is the outer cell membrane sarcolemma Individual muscle cell
- 14. A tendon(sinew) is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue. Usually connects muscle to bone Consolodation of collagen fibres in the perimysium and epimysium. Maximises efficiency of the muscle in moving a bone Strong Collagen
- 15. Aponeurosis Some muscles(especially flattened muscles) are attached to each other. aponeurosis (pleural: aponeuroses) anterolateral abdominal wall a layer of a flat broad tendon shiny, whitish-silvery colour, histologically similar to tendons few blood vessels and nerves
- 16. Aponeurosis anterolateral abdominalwall Lumbar Palmer and planter scalp
- 18. like tendons tightly packed collagen bundles arranged in parallel respond to stress from a single direction attach bones to each other stabalise joints
- 19.
- 20. foetal remnant peritoneal fold
- 21. foetal remnant ligamentum arteriosum remnant of ductus arteriosus peritoneal fold ligamentum teres
- 23. layer ofconnective tissue superficial deep
- 24. layer ofconnective tissue superficial fascia - subcutaneous connective tissue - lies beneath / merges with dermis - fibro fatty layer -fibroblasts - aqueous matrix - elastin - collagen - fat - lymphatic tissue
- 25. deep fascia beneath the superficial fascia ensheaths muscles helps attach them to bones provides attachment for intermuscular septa which partitian muscle groups – muscle compartments fibrous – sparce fat and fluid thin and expansile substantial layers, very tough - esp. in neck & limbs non-expansile sleeves investing groups of muscles very thick bands – retinacula
- 26. deep fascia The UP side of fascia movement – minimal friction venous return in legs pus retained within a compartment The DOWN side of fascia important in disease potential spaces between fascia - track through between facial layers Compartment syndrome
- 28. A lubricationdevice - flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes and containing a film of synovial fluid. Reduces friction between: - tendons and surrounding structures, or - bone and skin (e.g. prepatellar bursa) Occasionally bursae may communicate with the cavity of a synovial joint, e.g. the suprapatellar bursae of the knee joint, and the subscapularis bursae of the shoulder joint
- 29. Raymond G BuickFRCS