6. Properties of Muscle
• Excitability: capacity of muscle to respond
to a stimulus
• Contractility: ability of a muscle to shorten
and generate pulling force
• Extensibility: muscle can be stretched back
to its original length
• Elasticity: ability of muscle to recoil to
original resting length after stretched
10. Skeletal Muscle
Human body contains over 640 skeletal
muscles 40- 50% of total body weight
Muscle that can be felt and seen
Attached to bone
Comes in pairs.
The contraction is voluntary.
Striated – have visible banding
Cells are multinucleated
Responsible for Body movement (Locomotion)
11.
12. Functions of muscle
Body movement (Locomotion)
Maintenance of posture
Respiration
Diaphragm and intercostals contractions
Communication (Verbal and Facial)
Constriction of organs and vessels
Peristalsis of intestinal tract
Vasoconstriction of b.v. and other structures
(pupils)
Production of body heat (Thermo genesis)
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15. Muscle ATTACHMENT
Direct attachments
Fleshy part direct attached
e.g. intercostals muscle
Indirect attachments
tendon or aponeurosis meet bones
Tubercles, trochanters, and crests
16. Movement of Muscles
Origin: attachment
that remains stationary
or least mobile
origin
belly
Insertion: attachment
of the muscle to the bone
that more mobile
Belly: the fleshy part
of the muscle between
the tendons
insertion
17. Types of muscle fibers
SLOW FIBERS Type I
Half the diameter of
fast fibers
Take three times as
RESISTANT TO
FATIGUE
Abundant
mitochondria
Large capillary
supply
High concentrations
of myoglobin
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FAST FIBERS Type IIa
Large in diameter
Large glycogen
reserves
few mitochondria
Produce rapid,
powerful
contractions of short
duration
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18. Intermediate type IIb
Similar to fast fibers
Greater resistance to fatigue
Activity of
type I
e.g. neck,
trunk muscle
maintain
posture
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type II
leg
muscle
walking,running
Jipmer Physiologist
Type IIb
Shoulder
flexer,abbducter
wieght lifting
gymnastic Act
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21. Naming Skeletal Muscles
Location of the muscle
Shape of the muscle
Relative Size of the muscle
Direction/Orientation of the muscle
fibers/cells
Number of Origins
Action of the muscle
22. Muscles Named by Location
Epicranius
(around cranium)
Tibialis anterior
(front of tibia)
tibialis
anterior
23. Name by shape
Shape:
deltoid (triangle)
serratus (saw-toothed)
Deltoid
rhomboideus
(rhomboid, 4 parallel
sides)
orbicularis and
sphincters (circular)
Rhomboideus
major
Serratus anterior
24. Muscles Named by Size
maximus (largest)
Psoas
minimis (smallest) minor
longus (longest)
brevis (short)
Psoas
major (large)
major
minor (small)
25. Muscles Named by Direction of Fibers
Rectus (straight)
–parallel to long
axis
Rectus
abdominis
Transverse
Oblique
External
oblique
26. Named for
Number of Origins
Biceps (2)
Triceps (3)
Quadriceps
Biceps
brachii
(4)
Named for Action
•Abductor magnus
– abducts thigh
Adductor
magnus
28. Connective Tissue of a Muscle
Epimysium. Dense c.t. surrounding entire muscle
Separates muscle from surrounding tissue and
Connected to the deep fascia
Perimysium. Collagen and elastic fibers surrounding a
group of muscle fibers called a fascicle
Contains b.v and nerves
Endomysium. Loose connective tissue that surrounds
individual muscle fibers
Also contains b.v., nerves, and satellite cells (embryonic
stem cells function in repair of muscle tissue
Collagen fibers of all 3 layers come together at each end of
muscle to form a tendon or aponeurosis.
29. Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
The Organization of a Skeletal Muscle
Figure 7-1
46. Types of Smooth Muscle
Single unit Smooth Muscle
•Fibers held together by gap
junctions
•Independent of n.s
•Stimulated by stretch
• Exhibit rhythmicity
•Walls of most hollow organs
•stomach,intestine,uterus
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Multi-unit Smooth
Muscle
• Less organized
• Function as separate
units
• dependent on n.s
• Iris of eye
• Walls of blood vessels
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47. Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Small cells
Single nucleus/cell
Intercalated discs
Self-exciting and
rhythmicy due to
c.system
No tetanic contraction
48. Fibrillation
– ABNORMAL CONTRACTION OF CARDIADC
MUSCLE
– CARDIAC CHAMBER DON,T CONRACT
COMPLETELY
– RESULT IN DISRUPTION OF PUMPING
ACTION
– INAFFECTIVE PUMPING AND ABNORMAL
CONTRACTION OF ATRIA AND
VENTRICLEs
TWO TYPES
1.ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
2.VENTRICULER FIBRILLATION
50. Muscle Strain
A muscle strain, or pulled muscle,
is when your muscle is
overstretched or torn.
can happen in any muscle, but
most common back, neck,
shoulder, and hamstring .
It due to high pressure on
muscles during normal daily
activities, with sudden heavy
lifting, during sports, or while
performing work tasks.
51. Muscle Hypertrophy
Enlargement of a muscle
More capillaries
More mitochondria
Caused by
Strenuous exercise
Steroid hormones
52. Muscle Atrophy
Weakening and shrinking of a
muscle
May be caused
Immobilization
Loss of neural stimulation
53. PARALYSIS
LOSS OF MOTER POWER IS
CALLED PARALYSIS
CAUSED BY DAMAGE TO
MOTER NEURAL
PATHWAYS
OR it could be INHERIT
DESEASE OF MUSCLE
54. What is fatigue?
“loss in the capacity for
developing force and / or
velocity of a muscle, resulting
from muscular activity under
load and which is reversible by
rest”
57. For your knowledge
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How many muscles are there in the human body?
Answer: 640 Muscles
The muscles make up about 40 % of the body mass.
What is the longest muscle in the body?
Answer: The Sartorius
The Sartorius runs from the outside of the hip, down and across to
the inside of the knee. It twists and pulls the thigh outwards.
What is the smallest muscle in the body?
Answer: The Stapedius
The Stapedius is located deep in the ear. It is only 5mm long and
thinner than cotton thread. It is involved in hearing.
What is the biggest muscle in the body?
Answer: The Gluteus Maximus
The Gluteus Maximus is located in the buttock. It pulls the leg
backwards powerfully for walking and running.
58. There are about 60 muscles in the face.
Smiling is easier than
frowning.
It takes 20 muscles to smile and over 40 to frown.
Smile and make someone happy.