The document discusses the different types of muscles in the body, including voluntary muscles that are attached to the skeleton and can be controlled to enable movement, and involuntary muscles like the heart that work internal organs automatically. It provides details on muscle fiber types, how muscles contract and create movement through antagonistic pairs, and the benefits of good muscle tone for posture, performance, and confidence.

1. Bones and Muscles realtionship
on humanbody, mainly
antagonist muscles and joints
By: María Paula Sanabria Cardona

2. MUSCLE TYPES
• The body has many paired
muscles, some voluntary that are
attached to the skeleton and
help the body move, some
involuntary that work the
internal organs and cannot be
controlled.
• Muscles and posture also go
hand in hand, where regular
exercise tones muscle and
improves your posture to reduce
strain on other parts of the body

3. INVOLUNTARY MUCLES
The body's involuntary muscles work our internal organs. They are
outside our control.
The heart is made of a
unique muscle type known
as cardiac and it never
tires.

4. VOLUNTARY MUSCLES
• Voluntary muscles
make the body
move.
• Voluntary muscles
are attached to the
skeleton and can be
controlled.
Voluntary muscles have fast twitch and slow twitch fibres.

5. VOLUNTARY MUSCLES
FAST TWITCH FIBRES SLOW TWITCH FIBRES
• Contract quickly, but do not • Contract slowly, but use
use oxygen well and tire oxygen well and keep going for
quickly. a long time.
• Top sprinters have more 'fast • Endurance athletes tend to
twitch' fibres. have more 'slow twitch' fibres.

6. Key voluntary muscles used in sport

7. Origin And Insertion Of Muscles
The point of attachment for each muscle are termed the origin and
the insertion
• The origin is the end of a muscle which is attached to a fixed bone.
• The insertion is the end of the muscle that is attached to the bone
which moves.

8. Muscles and Movement
Muscles contract when they work
If create movement If no resulting movement
Anisotonic Contraction Isometric Contraction
Can be Can be
Concentric Eccentric
Which is where the Where The Fibres
muscle shortens as Contract As The
the fibres contract Muscle Lengthens

9. Muscle pairs
• Antagonistic pairs of
muscles create movement
when one (the prime mover)
contracts and the other
(the antagonist) relaxes.
Examples of antagonistic
pairs working are:
• the quadriceps and
hamstrings in the leg
• the biceps and triceps in the
arm.

11. PLATYSMA
• ACTION
Depresses and wrinkles
skin of lower face and
mouth. Aids forced
depression of mandible

13. BICEPS FEMORIS
• ACTION
Flexes and laterally rotates
knee. Long head extends
hip

14. SEMITENDINOSUS
• ACTION
Flexes and medially rotates
knee. Extends hip.

15. SEMIMEMBRANOSUS
• ACTION
Flexes and medially rotates
knee. Extends hip

17. PERONEUS LONGUS
• ACTION
Plantar flexes and everts
foot. Supports lateral
longitudinal and transverse
arches

18. GASTROCNEMIUS
• ACTION
Plantar flexes foot. Flexes
knee

19. SOLEUS
• ACTION
Plantar flexes foot (aids
venous return)

20. PLANTARIS
• ACTION
Plantar flexes foot and
flexes knee

21. TIBIALIS POSTERIOR
• ACTION
Plantar flexes and inverts
foot. Supports medial
longitudinal arch of foot

22. Muscle tone and posture
• Muscle tone can be seen when muscles
are in a state of slight tension and
they are ready for action. Regular
training tones muscles and helps to
create good posture. In addition,
muscles will hypertrophy (increase in
size) and develop better endurance.
• Muscle tone developed by regular
exercise makes daily tasks such as
shopping and gardening easier. It also
helps to prevent injury as good
posture reduces the strain on muscles,
tendons and ligaments.

23. Muscle tone and posture
• Good posture helps with
sporting performance as special
positions are often crucial to
success, eg the position
throughout the golf swing.
• People with good posture also
feel better about themselves. An
upright body position is often a
sign of self confidence. People
who are less confident will
sometimes show this in their
body language, for example by
adopting a slouched posture.

24. REFERENCES
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/p
e/appliedanatomy/3_anatomy_muscles_rev5.
shtml
• http://webanatomy.net/anatomy/muscle_acti
ons.htm