Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells. It is defined as cancer of the plasma cells. Risk factors include increasing age, male sex, black race, family history of multiple myeloma, and a history of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Symptoms include bone pain, fatigue, frequent infections, and kidney problems. Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests, examination of bone marrow, and imaging tests. Treatment may include targeted therapy, biological therapy, chemotherapy, corticosteroids, bone marrow transplant, and radiation therapy.
Multiple myeloma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in the world. It is usually seen in elderly individuals of >40 years. In this presentation, all the important aspects of Multiple myeloma have been discussed extensively and in brief..
Multiple myeloma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in the world. It is usually seen in elderly individuals of >40 years. In this presentation, all the important aspects of Multiple myeloma have been discussed extensively and in brief..
acute leukemia
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acute leukemia
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Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells in your body. Chemotherapy is most often used to treat cancer, since cancer cells grow and multiply much more quickly than most cells in the body.
Oncology - For nursing students - tumors classification, cancer, differences between benign and malignant neoplasm,spread of cancer, pathophysiology with cancer cells, carcinogenesis, etiology, cancer screening, cancer prevention, management of cancer, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, oncologic emergencies
Multiple Myeloma is a complex and relatively uncommon form of cancer that affects plasma cells, a type of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies. This content aims to shed light on the essential aspects of Multiple Myeloma, including its characteristics, common symptoms, diagnostic processes, and available treatment options.
This lecture power point gives the basic and fundamental understanding and management of cancer and its diseases.
And as well as some remedies and recommendations
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
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CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
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https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
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2. INTRODUCTION
• Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells. Plasma cells
help to fight infections by making antibodies that recognize and attack
germs.
4. RISK FACTORS
• Increasing age. The risk of multiple myeloma increases as age, with most
people diagnosed in their mid-60s.
• Male sex. Men are more likely to develop the disease than are women.
• Black race. Black people are about twice as likely to develop multiple
myeloma as are white people.
5. • Family history of multiple myeloma. If a brother, sister or parent has
multiple myeloma, you have an increased risk of the disease.
• Personal history of a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined
significance (MGUS). Every year 1 percent of the people with MGUS in
the United States develop multiple myeloma.
6. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
• Bone pain, especially in spine or chest.
• Nausea.
• Constipation.
• Loss of appetite.
• Mental fogginess or confusion.
7. • Fatigue.
• Frequent infections.
• Weight loss.
• Weakness or numbness in the legs.
• Excessive thirst.
8. DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS
• History collection.
• Physical examination.
• Blood tests. Laboratory analysis of your blood may reveal the M proteins produced
by myeloma cells. Another abnormal protein produced by myeloma cells — called
beta-2-microglobulin — may be detected in the blood .Additionally, blood tests to
examine your kidney function, blood cell counts, calcium levels and uric acid levels.
9. • Urine tests. Analysis of your urine may show M proteins, which are referred to as
Bence Jones proteins when they're detected in urine.
• Examination of your bone marrow. the sample is examined for myeloma cells.
• Imaging tests. Imaging tests may be recommended to detect bone problems
associated with multiple myeloma. Tests may include an X-ray, MRI, CT or positron
emission tomography (PET).
10. COMPLICATIONS
• Frequent infections. Myeloma cells inhibit your body's ability to fight
infections.
• Bone problems. Multiple myeloma can also affect your bones, leading to
bone pain, thinning bones and broken bones.
11. • Reduced kidney function. Multiple myeloma may cause problems with
kidney function, including kidney failure. Higher calcium levels in the blood
related to eroding bones can interfere with your kidneys' ability to filter the
blood's waste. The proteins produced by the myeloma cells can cause similar
problems.
• Low red blood cell count (anemia). As myeloma cells crowd out normal
blood cells, multiple myeloma can also cause anemia and other blood
problems.
12. MANAGEMENT
• Targeted therapy. Targeted drug treatment focuses on
specific abnormalities within cancer cells that allow them
to survive. Bortezomib (Velcade), carfilzomib (Kyprolis)
and ixazomib (Ninlaro) are targeted drugs that block the
action of a substance in myeloma cells that breaks down
proteins. This action causes myeloma cells to die.
Targeted-therapy drugs may be administered through vein
or in pill form.
13. • Biological therapy. Biological therapy drugs use the
body's immune system to fight myeloma cells. The drugs
thalidomide (Thalomid), lenalidomide (Revlimid) and
pomalidomide (Pomalyst) enhance the immune system
cells that identify and attack cancer cells. These
medications are commonly taken in pill form.
14. • Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy drugs kill fast-growing
cells, including myeloma cells. Chemotherapy drugs can be
given through a vein in your arm or taken in pill form.
High doses of chemotherapy drugs are used before a bone
marrow transplant.
15. • Corticosteroids. Corticosteroids, such as
prednisone and dexamethasone, regulate the
immune system to control inflammation in the
body. They are also active against myeloma cells.
Corticosteroids can be taken in pill form or
administered through a vein.
16. • Bone marrow transplant.
• A bone marrow transplant, also known as a stem
cell transplant, is a procedure to replace the
diseased bone marrow with healthy bone marrow.
17. • Radiation therapy. This treatment uses beams of energy,
such as X-rays and protons, to damage myeloma cells and
stop their growth. Radiation therapy may be used to
quickly shrink myeloma cells in a specific area — for
instance, when a collection of abnormal plasma cells form
a tumor (plasmacytoma) that's causing pain or destroying a
bone.