Albendazole is a broad-spectrum oral anthelmintic drug used to treat various worm infections and parasitic diseases. It works by inhibiting the polymerization of parasite tubulin, which disrupts the formation of microtubules. Common side effects include abdominal pain, headaches, and diarrhea. When used for longer periods, it can potentially cause liver enzyme elevations, neutropenia, and alopecia. Nurses should monitor patients' liver enzymes and blood counts regularly when they are taking albendazole.
Anthelmintic.
According to the syllabus based on “PHARMACY COUNCIL OF INDIA”
“I Dedicate this work to all the
Students , Pharmacy Faculty & Family Members .”
Anthelmintic are the drugs that either KILL [vermicide] or Expel [vermifuge] infesting Helminths.
The choice of drug for each worm infestation is based not only on Efficacy, but also on Lack of Side effects/ Toxicity, Ease of administration [preferably single dose] & low cost.
Development of resistance has not been a problem in the clinical use of Anthelmintic.
Anthelmintics | B.Pharm 3rd year 2nd Sem | Medicinal Chemistry-III | History, Classification, Structures & Synthesis of anthelmintics, Synthesis of Diethylcarbamazine citrate, Synthesis of Mebendazole
Anthelmintic.
According to the syllabus based on “PHARMACY COUNCIL OF INDIA”
“I Dedicate this work to all the
Students , Pharmacy Faculty & Family Members .”
Anthelmintic are the drugs that either KILL [vermicide] or Expel [vermifuge] infesting Helminths.
The choice of drug for each worm infestation is based not only on Efficacy, but also on Lack of Side effects/ Toxicity, Ease of administration [preferably single dose] & low cost.
Development of resistance has not been a problem in the clinical use of Anthelmintic.
Anthelmintics | B.Pharm 3rd year 2nd Sem | Medicinal Chemistry-III | History, Classification, Structures & Synthesis of anthelmintics, Synthesis of Diethylcarbamazine citrate, Synthesis of Mebendazole
Sulphonamides Pharmacology For Pharmacy studentsMalay Pandya
This is the PowerPoint presentation of the Antimicrobial drug - SULPHOANMIDE.
Sulphonamide is the first antimicrobial agent
It Can be employed for suppressive therapy of chronic urinary tract infection, streptococcal pharyngitis and gum infection.
Combined with trimethoprim (cotrimoxazole) sulfamethoxazole is used for many bacterial infections.
This will be useful to all Pharmacy Student ...
The current slide include the pharmacology og cephalosporins.
Contents
Introduction to Cephalosporins
Classification of Cephalosporins
Cefazolin
Cephalexin
Cefuroxime
Cefuroxime axetil
Cefotaxime
Cefixime
Cefpodoxime proxetil
Cefepime
Adverse effects of Cephalosporins
Uses of Cephalosporins
This PPT covers drug therapy for tuberculosis. It includes classification of antitubercular drugs, chemotherapy for tuberculosis, strategies for addressing resistance and pharmacotherapy of antitubercular drugs
Amoebiasis is an infection with Entamoeba histolytica produced by the ingestion of cysts of this organism. Amoebiasis can be asymptomatic or can lead to severe, life-threatening dysentery. The organism exists in two forms, the motile trophozoite form or the dormant cyst form.
In the intestine, the cysts develop into trophozoites that adhere to colonic epithelial cells by means of lectin on the parasitic membrane, which has similarity to the host adherence proteins.
The trophozoite then lyses the host cell (hence histolytica) and invades the submucosa, where it may secrete a factor that inhibits IFNY- activated macrophages, which would otherwise kill it. These processes may result in dysentery
You can follow me for more knowledgeable slides related to pharmacy.
Fluconazole is an antifungal medicine. It's used to treat infections caused by different kinds of fungus. The most common cause of fungal infections is a yeast called candida.
Fluconazole interacts with 14-demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol. [4] As ergosterol forms a critical part of the fungal cell membrane, fluconazole inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol to increase cellular permeability.
Sulphonamides Pharmacology For Pharmacy studentsMalay Pandya
This is the PowerPoint presentation of the Antimicrobial drug - SULPHOANMIDE.
Sulphonamide is the first antimicrobial agent
It Can be employed for suppressive therapy of chronic urinary tract infection, streptococcal pharyngitis and gum infection.
Combined with trimethoprim (cotrimoxazole) sulfamethoxazole is used for many bacterial infections.
This will be useful to all Pharmacy Student ...
The current slide include the pharmacology og cephalosporins.
Contents
Introduction to Cephalosporins
Classification of Cephalosporins
Cefazolin
Cephalexin
Cefuroxime
Cefuroxime axetil
Cefotaxime
Cefixime
Cefpodoxime proxetil
Cefepime
Adverse effects of Cephalosporins
Uses of Cephalosporins
This PPT covers drug therapy for tuberculosis. It includes classification of antitubercular drugs, chemotherapy for tuberculosis, strategies for addressing resistance and pharmacotherapy of antitubercular drugs
Amoebiasis is an infection with Entamoeba histolytica produced by the ingestion of cysts of this organism. Amoebiasis can be asymptomatic or can lead to severe, life-threatening dysentery. The organism exists in two forms, the motile trophozoite form or the dormant cyst form.
In the intestine, the cysts develop into trophozoites that adhere to colonic epithelial cells by means of lectin on the parasitic membrane, which has similarity to the host adherence proteins.
The trophozoite then lyses the host cell (hence histolytica) and invades the submucosa, where it may secrete a factor that inhibits IFNY- activated macrophages, which would otherwise kill it. These processes may result in dysentery
You can follow me for more knowledgeable slides related to pharmacy.
Fluconazole is an antifungal medicine. It's used to treat infections caused by different kinds of fungus. The most common cause of fungal infections is a yeast called candida.
Fluconazole interacts with 14-demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol. [4] As ergosterol forms a critical part of the fungal cell membrane, fluconazole inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol to increase cellular permeability.
TUBERCULOSIS AND ANTI-TUBERCULAR AGENTSN J V S Pavan
This presentation include every data related to TB and anti-TB drugs with neat and understandable picturization and tables..... pharma students are beneficial mostly
Anthelmintic
According to the syllabus based on “PHARMACY COUNCIL OF INDIA”
“I Dedicate this work to all the
Students , Pharmacy Faculty & Family Members
Drx. Shubhanshu R.s. Jaiswal
Helminthiasis also known as Worm Infection, is any macro parasitic disease of humans & other animals in which a Part of the body is infected with parasitic worms, known as Helminths.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
2. INTRODUCTION
Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs
that expel parasitic worms and other internal parasites from the body
by either stunning or killing them and without causing significant
damage to the host.
3.
4. ALBENDAZOLE
Albendazole, a broad-spectrum oral anthelmintic agent.
It is the drug of choice for treatment of hydatid disease and
cysticercosis.
It is also used in the treatment of pinworm and hookworm, round worm,
whip worm, and thread worm infections.
One dose treatment is effective against round worm, pin worm and
hook worm infections which are comparable to 3 days treatment with
mebendazole. Three days treatment is necessary for tapeworms
including H. nana.
It has weak microfilaricidal action.
5. MECHANISM OF ACTION
It probably acts by inhibiting microtubule synthesis. Its bind with
parasite ‘β-tubulin’ and inhibit its polymerization.
6. INDICATION
Albendazole is administered on an empty stomach when used
against intraluminal parasites but with a fatty meal when used
against tissue parasites.
Ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm and pinworm infections: 400 mg
oral/ adult and children older than 2 years of age (repeated for2-3
days for heavy ascaris infections and in 2 weeks for pinworm
infection).
Hydatid disease: Adjunct to surgical removal or aspiration of cysts.
400 mg twice daily with meals for one month or longer. Daily
therapy for up to 6 months has been well tolerated.
7. Neurocysticercosis: Corticosteroids are given with the anthelmintic
drug to decrease inflammation caused by dying organisms.
Albendazole is given in a dosage of 400 mg twice a day for up to 21
day.
Other infections: Treatment of cutaneous larva migrans (400 mg daily
for 3 days); visceral larva migrans (400 mg twice daily for 5 days);
microporidial infection (400 mg twice for 2 weeks or longer);
gnathostomiasis (400 mg twice daily for 3 weeks).
8. PHARMACOKINETICS:
Albendazole • Pharmacokinetics:
Albendazole is erratically absorbed after oral
administration, but absorption is enhanced by a high-fat
meal.
Its metabolized in liver and primarily excreted in urine.
9. ADVERSE REACTION
When used for 1-3 days, albendazole is nearly free of significant
adverse effects.
Mild and transient epigastric distress
Diarrhea
Headache
Nausea
Dizziness
Lassitude
Insomnia.
10. In long-term use for hydatid disease, albendazole is well tolerated,
but it can cause:
Abdominal distress
Headaches
Fever
Fatigue
Alopecia
Increases in liver enzymes
Pancytopenia
11. SYSTEMWISE ADVERSE REACTION
Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: Aplastic anemia, bone marrow
suppression, neutropenia.
Eye Disorders: Vision blurred.
Gastrointestinal Disorders: Diarrhea.
General System Disorders: Asthenia.
Hepatobiliary Disorders: Elevations of hepatic enzymes, hepatitis, acute liver
failure.
12. Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: Rhabdomyolysis.
Nervous System Disorders: Somnolence, convulsion.
Renal and Urinary Disorders: Acute renal failure.
Skin an dSubcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Erythema multiforme,
Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
13. CONTRAINDICATION
Pancytopenia
Bone marrow failure
Anemia
Low levels of a type of white blood cell called neutrophils
Liver problems
Abnormal liver function tests
Pregnancy
14. NURSES RESPONSIBILITY
Monitor liver enzymes (transaminases) before the start of each treatment
cycle and at least every 2 weeks during treatment.
Monitor blood counts at the beginning of each 28-day cycle of therapy, and
every 2 weeks while on therapy with ALBENZA in all patients.
Patients with liver disease and patients with hepatic echinococcosis are at
increased risk for bone marrow suppression and warrant more frequent
monitoring of blood counts.
