Motivation is defined as the internal drive to achieve goals and direct behavior. It arises from the desire to satisfy needs and can be explained by various theories. Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that people are motivated to fulfill physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization needs sequentially. McClelland's three need theory identifies the needs for achievement, affiliation and power as key motivators. Herzberg's two-factor theory distinguishes between hygiene factors like working conditions and motivators like achievement that encourage satisfaction and performance.

3.  A driving
force that initiates and directs behavior
 A kind of internal energy which drives a person to
do something in order to achieve something
 Motivation is a desire to achieve a goal, combined
with the energy to work towards that goal
 the process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed
behavior
 The processes that account for an individual’s
intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward
attaining a goal.

4. Motivation is based on three specific
aspects such as
 Direction
 Intensity
 Persistence

5.  Maslow
saw human needs in the form of a
hierarchy, ascending from the lowest to the
highest, and he concluded that when one set of
needs is satisfied, this kind of need ceases to be
a motivator.’’
As per his theory these needs are :

Physiological needs

Security or Safety needs

Social needs

Esteem needs

Need for self-actualization

6. Esteem need
Social need
Security need
Physocial need
 Maslow
theory

7. Three need theory

8. nPow
nAch
nAff
for Achievement (nAch) – drive to excel, to
achieve in relation to a set of standards
 Need for Affiliation (nAff) – the desire for
friendly and close interpersonal relationships
 Need for Power (nPow) – need to make others
behave in a way in which they would not have
behaved otherwise (to have power over them)
 Need

10. 






Work is inherently
distasteful to most people.
Most people are not
ambitious, have little
desire for
responsibility, and prefer
to be directed.
Most people have little
capacity for creativity in
solving organizational
problems.
Motivation occurs only at
the physiological and
safety levels.
Most people must be
closely controlled and
often coerced to achieve
organizational objectives.
x





Work is as natural as play, if
the conditions are favorable.
Self-control is often
indispensable in achieving
organizational goals.
The capacity for creativity
in solving organizational
problems is widely
distributed in the
population.
Motivation occurs at the
social, esteem, and selfactualization levels, as well
as physiological and
security levels.
People can be self-directed
and creative at work if
properly motivated.
y

11. Motivation and Hygiene
Factors

12.  Policies
and
Administration
 Supervision
 Working
Conditions
 Interpersonal
Relations
 Money,
Status, Securit
y
HYGIENE FACTORS
ENVIRONMENT
Achievement
Recognition for
Accomplishment
Challenging Work
Increased
Responsibility
Growth and
Development
MOTIVATORS
WHAT THEY DO

14. Maslow hierarchy
of needs
Three need theory
Two factor theory

15. Self-actualization
Growth
Esteem
self
Need for
Power
interpersonal
Belongingness
(social & love)
Relatedness
Safety & Security
interpersonal
physical
Physiological
Need for
Achievement
Existence
Need for
Affiliation