Psychological-Sociological Foundation of Education

2. Motivation is another
important factor in learning.
Without motivation, not much or
no learning at all will take place.

3. STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
 What is motivation?
 How important is motivation to achieve its goal?
 What is the difference between motive and
incentive?
 What are the classes and classification of
motivation?
 What is the process of motivation?
 What are the source theories of motivation?

5. In totality, it is the process
of arousing and sustaining
interest in an activity in
order to achieve a goal.

7. 1. Directs activities towards the
achievement of a goal.
2. Controls and directs human
behavior.
3. Inculcates spiritual and
moral values in the minds of
the young.
4. Gives satisfaction and
happiness to the individual.

8. MOTIVATION AS
DIFFERENTIATED FROM MOTIVE
AND INCENTIVE
- A disposition, tendency,
desire, or aspiration
- A drive or impulse, an
attitude that arouses
interest, and sustains and
regulates behavior.
- It is internal, within an
individual , has a definite
goal to achieve

9. - An external benefit or reward of
some kind derived from an activity.
- May come in the form of social
approval as praise, good grades,
honors, scholarships, medals, and
the like.

10. 1. Intrinsic Motivation
An internal stimulus that
arouses one to action. It is based on
motive, which is always intrinsic. A
motive arouses one to do something.
Ex. If a learner wants to solve a
mathematical problem however
difficult it is, he can solve it
correctly. He feels elated and with
self-fulfillment.

11. 2. Extrinsic Motivation
An external stimulus to
action. This type of motivation is
based on incentive. This type of
motivation comes from the outside of
the individual, that is, from the
external environment.
It comes from the form of
praise, social approval, high grades,
medals and the likes.

13. 1. Biological and Physiological Drives
- innate or inborn stimuli
- in the hierarchy of motives,
biological drives are the lowest
but the most important
Ex. Desire for food, water, shelter, and
other comforts of the body

14. 2. Psychological drives
- are social drives which are
acquired, learned or derived
- these are the need for social
approval, security, safety,
belongingness, love, esteem,
prestige, power, and the like.
- second in the hierarchy of
motives

15. 3. Creativity or self-actualization
- are general or unconscious drives
or motives
- desire to do something not out of
necessity but simply the urge
to achieve something
exceptional for the good of
humanity
- the highest level in the hierarchy

17. First stage Second stage
Third stage
Motive

19. 1. Need-drive-incentive Theory
- the greatest source of motivation
2. Cue-stimulus (non-drive) Theory
- the stimulus to activity does not
come from within but from outside
3. Affective arousal Theory
- an application of the law of effect
from Thorndike

20. - pleasant experiences tend to be
repeated and unpleasant
experiences tend to be avoided.
4. Cognitive Theory
- an individual takes an action that
is favorable to his perception and
rational thinking.
- this is on the level of decision-
making or making a choice.

21. 5. Psychoanalytic Theory
- Sigmund Freud, the proponent of
this theory, claims that the libido or
psychic energy is sexual energy in origin
and is the driving force of behavior.

22. Motivation is the process of arousing
and sustaining interest in an activity in
order to achieve a goal.
Generally, the young learners do not
fully realize the importance of performing
well unless they are engaged in. Teachers has
to provide the necessary motivating factors
to achieve the desired objectives.