Motivation theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and McGregor's theory X and Y are discussed. Maslow's hierarchy proposes that lower level needs must be satisfied before higher level needs emerge. Herzberg's theory differentiates between hygiene and motivation factors. McGregor's theory X assumes workers dislike work while theory Y assumes they can be self-directed. Various motivational techniques used by organizations are based on findings from such theories. Motivation is necessary to achieve organizational goals and keep employees committed.

1. Submitted To :->monalisa mam
Submitted By:-> Siddharth Bhansali
Class:-> B.com (hons) 2nd
sem

2. Contents of DiscussionContents of Discussion
 What is motivation ?What is motivation ?
 Why motivation needed ?Why motivation needed ?
 Characteristics of motivationCharacteristics of motivation
 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
 Herzberg theoryHerzberg theory
 Douglas McGregor’s theory XDouglas McGregor’s theory X
and theory Yand theory Y
 ERG theoryERG theory
 Vroom’s expectancy theoryVroom’s expectancy theory

4. What is motivation ?What is motivation ?
 Motivation is one of the key factors
driving us towards achieving something.
Without motivation, we will do nothing.
Therefore, motivation is one of the key
aspects when it comes to corporate
management. In order to achieve the best
business results, the organization needs
to keep employees motivated.
• “Motivation is the act of stimulating
someone to get a desired course of
action.”

6. Characteristics of motivationCharacteristics of motivation
 Personal and Internal FeelingPersonal and Internal Feeling
 Art of Stimulating Someone Or OneselfArt of Stimulating Someone Or Oneself
 Motivation can be either Positive orMotivation can be either Positive or
NegativeNegative
 Motivation can be either Positive orMotivation can be either Positive or
NegativeNegative
 Motivation is System OrientedMotivation is System Oriented
 Motivation is a Sort of BargainingMotivation is a Sort of Bargaining
 Motivation is different from SatisfactionMotivation is different from Satisfaction

7. Why motivation needed?Why motivation needed?
 Now days everyone wants to start theirNow days everyone wants to start their
own business. You cannot expect themown business. You cannot expect them
to commit all their energy to theto commit all their energy to the
company. you have to find commoncompany. you have to find common
ground and respect their wishes.ground and respect their wishes.
 In order to motivate the employees,In order to motivate the employees,
organizations do various activities. Theorganizations do various activities. The
activities the companies do basically theactivities the companies do basically the
results and findings of certainresults and findings of certain
motivational theories.motivational theories.

8. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
 According to this theory, human
behavior is related to his/her needs, and
is adjusted as per the nature of needs to
be satisfied.
 Maslow identified 5 sets of human needs
arranged in a hierarchy based on their
importance and priority.
 When one set of needs have been met,
they cease to be a motivating factor,
causing the next set to take its place.

9. 11..Physiological NeedsPhysiological Needs
 These are the basic needs for air , water , food , sleep,These are the basic needs for air , water , food , sleep,
shelter and other bodily needs.shelter and other bodily needs.
 These needs are independent of each other.These needs are independent of each other.
 Employees are motivated by salary and wages , healthyEmployees are motivated by salary and wages , healthy
working condition and basic amenities .working condition and basic amenities .
2.2.Safety NeedsSafety Needs
 Needs for protection against danger , threats and accidentNeeds for protection against danger , threats and accident
arise.arise.
 Employees are motivated by providing good home , freshEmployees are motivated by providing good home , fresh
air , water , hygienic work environment , Safe workingair , water , hygienic work environment , Safe working
condition .condition .
 Security of job also motivate the employees.Security of job also motivate the employees.
3.3.Social NeedsSocial Needs
 Need for love , affection and affiliation arise.Need for love , affection and affiliation arise.
 Individual want to become a part of group and want to beIndividual want to become a part of group and want to be
loved and guided by the group and wants to have a respectedloved and guided by the group and wants to have a respected
place in the societyplace in the society
 An individual wants friendly relationships with people at workAn individual wants friendly relationships with people at work
placeplace

10. Continues…Continues…
4.4.Esteem NeedsEsteem Needs
 Everyone has a need for self-respect.Everyone has a need for self-respect.
 This produces the desire for strength, confidence,This produces the desire for strength, confidence,
prestige, recognition and appreciation.prestige, recognition and appreciation.
 These needs are rarely fully satisfied.These needs are rarely fully satisfied.
5.5.Self-actualization NeedsSelf-actualization Needs
 This need is highest level needs. in this need theThis need is highest level needs. in this need the
person want to become example setter . people preferperson want to become example setter . people prefer
growth achievement and out standing performancegrowth achievement and out standing performance
 In this need the employee want challanging job asIn this need the employee want challanging job as
they want to become innovative and creativethey want to become innovative and creative

11. Herzberg theoryHerzberg theory
 The two-factor theory (also known asThe two-factor theory (also known as
Herzberg's motivation-hygieneHerzberg's motivation-hygiene
theory and dual-factor theory) states thattheory and dual-factor theory) states that
there are certain factors inthere are certain factors in
the workplace that cause job satisfaction,the workplace that cause job satisfaction,
while a separate set of factors causewhile a separate set of factors cause
dissatisfaction.dissatisfaction.
According to Herzberg, two kinds of
factors affect motivation, and they do
it in different ways:

12. Hygiene factors.Hygiene factors.
 These are factors whose absenceThese are factors whose absence
motivates, but whose presence hasmotivates, but whose presence has
no perceived effect. They are thingsno perceived effect. They are things
that when you take them away,that when you take them away,
people become dissatisfied and actpeople become dissatisfied and act
to get them back.to get them back.

15. ConclusionConclusion
 Correcting hygiene matters will improve theCorrecting hygiene matters will improve the
working environment, and help reduceworking environment, and help reduce
contentment displayed by the workers; keepingcontentment displayed by the workers; keeping
them happy as well.them happy as well.
 Because of this both the business and theBecause of this both the business and the
workers are likely to benfit. This will make theworkers are likely to benfit. This will make the
workers content, and motivated. Motivatedworkers content, and motivated. Motivated
workers will allow for an increase in theirworkers will allow for an increase in their
productivityproductivity

16. Douglas McGregor’s theory YDouglas McGregor’s theory Y
 Are willing to workAre willing to work
 Are capable of self controlAre capable of self control
 Accept responsibilityAccept responsibility
 Are imaginative and creativeAre imaginative and creative
 Self-directedSelf-directed
Manager Assumes that
worker……..

17. Continues….Continues….
 Work is natural as play ,if the conditions areWork is natural as play ,if the conditions are
favorable.favorable.
 Self- control is often indispensable in achievingSelf- control is often indispensable in achieving
organizational goals.organizational goals.
 The capacity for creativity in solvingThe capacity for creativity in solving
organizational problems is widely distributed inorganizational problems is widely distributed in
the population .the population .
 Motivation occurs at the social ,esteem and selfMotivation occurs at the social ,esteem and self
actualization levels as well as physiological andactualization levels as well as physiological and
security levels.security levels.
 People can be self directed and creative at workPeople can be self directed and creative at work
if properly motivated.if properly motivated.

18. Douglas McGregor’s theory XDouglas McGregor’s theory X
 According to This theory,
managers believe workers
 Dislike work
 Lack ambition
 Are irresponsible
 Are resistant to change
 Prefer to be led
 Most people are not ambitious , have little desireMost people are not ambitious , have little desire
for responsibility , and prefer to be directed.for responsibility , and prefer to be directed.
 Most people have little capacity for creativity inMost people have little capacity for creativity in
solving organizational problemssolving organizational problems
 Motivation occurs only at the physiological andMotivation occurs only at the physiological and
safety levels.safety levels.
 Most people must be closely controlled andMost people must be closely controlled and
often coerced to achieve organizationaloften coerced to achieve organizational
objectivesobjectives..

19. Continues…Continues…

20. ConclusionConclusion
 Motivation basically refers to need, ability and
rewards.
 For Unskilled workers required theory X.
 For skill worker need to theory Y.
 In GURU movie Abhishek Bachchan who
performing the role of Gurukant Desai use Both
theory, i.e Theory X and Theory Y. For achieve
his goals he self-motivated and also motivate to
others.