The document discusses various concepts and approaches in management: - It defines management as the process of designing environments where people work together to accomplish goals. Key functions include planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. - Early theorists like Fayol and Taylor focused on scientific principles of management including division of labor and time/motion studies. - Mayo's Hawthorne Studies highlighted the importance of informal groups and social factors in impacting worker productivity. - McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y described assumptions about human motivation in the workplace and how management styles should adapt. - Modern approaches apply quantitative techniques and systems thinking to analyze problems and integrate solutions.

1. Basic Concept of Management Principles and Practices of Session No :1 1 UNIT

4. DEFINITION OF MANAGEMNT Figure 2.1 Source: “ Management is the process of designing and maintaining the environment in which individual work together in group, and efficiently and effectively accomplish the selected aim ” -Basic definition “ Art of getting things done through people ” - Mary Parker Follett. “ Management is a process of Planning, Organizing, actuating (directing) and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of people and resources ” -George R Terry. 3

8. LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT 8 TOP MANAGEMENT MIDDLE MANAGEMENT LOWER MANAGEMENT

11. 1 Early Classical approach

12. EARLY-CLASSICAL APPROCH 1700-1850- Industrial Revolution. Concept of division of labor by Adam Smith. Second half of the 19 th Century Management as a separate field. Separation of the business management from their ownership 2

14. Administrative Management Henry Fayol- Father of Administrative Management 14 principals of Administrative Management- Division of Work Authority and Responsibility Discipline Unity of Command 7

17. 1 Neo Classical approach ELTON MAYO:HAWTHORNE EXPERIMENT

18. NEO-CLASSICAL APPROCH Human Relation Movements 2 ELTON MAYO 1880-1949

20. Behavioural Management Theory 7 MARY PARKER FOLLETT (1868-1933)

23. Behavioural Management Theory 10 DOUGLAS MCGREGOR

24. Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Figure 2.3 Source: 12

25. 1 MODERN APPROACHES