The document discusses motivation, defining it as factors that energize human and animal behavior. It describes positive and negative motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and several theories of motivation including expectancy theory, drive reduction theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, goal setting theory, and McClelland's theory of needs. Key motivators are achievement, power, and affiliation. Demotivating factors and benefits of motivation are also outlined.

1. Motivation

2. What is Motivation?
• Motivation:
Factors that energize the behavior of human
and
other species in the world.
Example: “escape can be a strong motivation
for travel.”

3. Motivation Process

4. Positive and Negative
Motivation
Positive Motivation
• Positive motivation is the
type of motivation a
person feels when he
expects a certain reward.
Negative Motivation
• Negative motivation is the
type of feeling a person
gets when he expects
punishment.

5. The difference between positive and
negative motivation
• Both positive and negative motivation could lead to the
same result however on the long run the overuse of
negative motivation may result in problems like hating
the person who uses it against you.

6. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic
• Intrinsic Motivation occurs
when we are motivated to
perform a behavior or
engage in an activity in
order to earn a reward or
avoid a punishment.
Extrinsic
• Extrinsic Motivation
occurs when we are
motivated to perform a
behavior or engage in an
activity in order to earn a
reward or avoid a
punishment.

7. Intrinsic Behavior
• Participating in a sport because you find the
activity enjoyable
• Solving a word puzzle because you find the
challenge fun and interesting
• Playing a game because you find it exciting

8. Extrinsic Behavior
• Studying because you want to get a good grade
• Participating in a sport in order to win awards
• Competing in a contest in order to win a
scholarship

9. Motivational Theories
• Our Behavior is Motivated by Instincts.
• Expectancy Theory: that an individual will decide to
behave or act in a certain way because they are
motivated to select a specific behavior over other
behaviors due to what they expect the result of that
selected behavior.

10. Motivational Theories
• Drive Reduction theory:
When human body lack some basic
biological need such as Water, a drivve to
obtain that need is produced.

11. Maslow’s Need Theory

12. Goal Setting Theory
• Intentions to work toward goal are a major source of
work motivation.
• Goals tell an employee ,what needs to be done and,
• How much effort will need to be expended.

13. McClelland's Theory of Need
• A person's behavior and performance at work is strongly
influenced by the most meaningful of the three needs.
• Achievement
• Power
• Affiliation

14. • Achievement: Achievers seek neither power nor approval; rather,
their only focus is on success. Achievers prefer work that has a
moderate chance for success (about 50/50) and tend to avoid
situations that are low-risk and those that are high-risk.
• Power: Power-seekers who are after personal power have a
strong desire to control others or cause them to behave in a way
that is consistent with the power-seeker's wishes.
• Affiliation: Affiliation seekers are more interested in approval
rather than recognition or power. They also tend to
avoid conflict with others at all cost. Affiliation seekers
are more likely to work in groups happily and fulfill all
norms of the group.

15. Demotivating factors
• Micromanagement
• Lack of progress
• Job insecurity
• No confidence in company leadership
• Lack of recourse for poor performance
• Poor communication
• Unpleasant coworkers
• Boredom

16. Benefits of Motivation
• Increase ones self confidence
• Increase efficiency and productivity of work
• Energize the behavior
• Increase tolerance level
• Helps to built strong relationships
• Perform tasks on Time