Motivation is a psychological feature that drives behavior toward a goal and is influenced by both internal and external factors, including intensity, direction, and persistence. It can be categorized into extrinsic motivation, which comes from external rewards, and intrinsic motivation, which is driven by internal desires. Effective communication in the workplace plays a crucial role in employee motivation by fostering relationships, facilitating information distribution, and involving employees in decision-making processes.

1. Kiran Subedi,
MHCM (1st Sem)NOC, POKHARA UNIVERSITY

2. Meaning of motivation
Motivation is derived from the Latin word ‘movere’ which
means
‘to move’
or
‘to energize’
or
‘to activate’.
Motivation is a need or desire that energizes and directs
behavior.

3. Key Elements
1. Intensity: how hard a person tries
2. Direction: toward beneficial/avoidance goal
3. Persistence: how long a person tries
Motivation is a psychological feature that induces an
individual to act towards a desired goal.
It is the processes that account for
an individual’s intensity, direction,
and persistence of effort towards
attaining a goal.
What is Motivation ?

4. Definition
 Motivation refers to the states within a person
or animal that drives behavior toward some
goals.
- MORGAN AND KING
 Internal and external factors that stimulate
desire and energy in people to be continually
interested and committed to a job, role or
subject, or to make an effort to attain a goal. -
Business dictionary

5. Motivation results from the interaction of both
conscious and unconscious factors such as the
(1) intensity of desire or need,
(2) incentive or reward value of the goal, and
(3) expectations of the individual and of his or her peers.
These factors are the reasons one has for behaving a
certain way.
An example is a student that spends extra time studying
for a test because he or she wants a better grade in
the class.

6. Features of motivations
 Motivation is an internal feeling
 Motivation produces goal directed behavior
 Motivation contains systems orientation
 Motivation can either be positive or negative
 Motivation is different from job satisfaction

7. Importance of Motivation
 High Performance
 Productive use of resources
 Low employee turnover and absenteeism rate
 Better quality orientation
 Achievement of goals
 Development of friendly relationships
 Increase efficiency and outputs

8. Types of motivation
a. Extrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic motivation means that the individual's motivational
stimuli are coming from outside. In other words, our desires to
perform a task are controlled by an outside source.
Note that even though the stimuli are coming from outside,
the result of performing the task will still be rewarding for the
individual performing the task.
b. Intrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic motivation means that the individual's motivational
stimuli are coming from within. The individual has the desire
to perform a specific task, because its results are in
accordance with his belief system or fulfills a desire and

9. •Extrinsic Motivation.
1. Salary.
2. Bonuses/Perks.
3. Organized activities.
4. Promotion/Grades.
5. Punishment/Layoffs
•Intrinsic Motivation:
1. Learning and Growth
opportunity.
2. Social contact and status.
3. Curiosity
4. Respect and Honors.

10. Types of Motivation.
Extrinsicall
y Motivated.
Intrinsically
Motivated.

11. Theories of motivation
•Content Theories of Motivation:
1.Mc Gregor’s Theory X & Theory Y (1960)
2.Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (1943, 1954)
3.Hertzberg’s Motivator-Hygiene Theory
(1968)
4.Alderfer’s ERG Theory (1972)
•Process Theories of Motivation.
1.Expectancy Theory, Vroom (1964)
2.Equity Theory , Adam (1963)
3.Goal Setting Theory, Edwin A Locke (1968)
4.Reinforcement Theory, Skinner(1953)

12. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

14. Theory X and Theory Y

15. Herzberg's Two-Factor
Theory:

16. Communications and motivations
 All communications, intentional or
unintentional, have some effect.
 The purpose could be to generate action,
inform, create understanding or communicate
a certain idea/point etc.
 Communication role enactment reflects
motivational patterns
 Motivational managers are most be flexible.

17. Role of Communication in Employee
Motivation
Employee motivation is critical to maintaining
productivity. There are several factors that
influence motivation, including pay, career
opportunities and positive relationships with co-
workers.
Business owners and managers also need to
understand the role of communication in
employee motivation, as it can sometimes be the
most basic communication errors that lead to
employee dissatisfaction. Facilitating effective
communication can help improve employee
motivation in several ways.

18. Role of Communication in Employee
Motivation
 Relationships
 Information Distribution
 Decision-Making
 Improvement

19.  Information Distribution
The company should distribute information that employees consider vital,
such as changes in the company's business focus or planned changes in
the workforce, unless that information is company confidential. For
example, if employees inquire into the validity of a rumor that the
company will be shutting down for an extra day during the winter holidays,
the best response is for management to distribute accurate information
immediately. This not only makes the employees feel respected by the
company, it also helps combat rumors that can lead to morale problems.
 Relationships
A workplace operates on the effective relationships built between
employees, managers, departments and all levels of the company. Clear
and honest communication helps to encourage and strengthen those
relationships, which can assist employees in reaching maximum
productivity. For example, company managers can maintain a productive
relationship with staff members by holding regular departmental meetings
and sponsoring employee career development programs where
management personnel monitor and assist in employees' progress.
Maintaining strong workplace relationships helps employees achieve high
levels of productivity and supports staff motivation.

20.  Decision-Making
A company's decision-making process includes active communication
throughout the organization. Employees should be allowed as many
ways as possible to offer their ideas and opinions, and be part of the
decision-making process. For example, a company suggestion box can
be actively monitored by management and when an employee
suggestion is used, that employee given credit in the monthly company
newsletter. Open communication allows employees to be a part of
company decision-making and participate in the company's success.
 Improvement
Skill set training programs with managers is the way in which most
employees receive their career development assistance. If managers
are not monitoring employee performance and developing training
programs to improve productivity, then the skill sets of the employees
begin to suffer. Communication between the employee and manager, as
well as the employee and human resources, is critical in developing
training programs that improve the employee's job skills and motivate
her to succeed.