Morphology of Honey Bee
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The presentation contains the description about various parts of morphology of the honey bee viz: head, type of mouthpart, abdomen including the legs and wings, and the abdomen.
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- 3. Head of queen bee and worker bee is triangular while that of drone bee is anterio posteriorly flattened in all the three caste. The head consists of :- EYES Seeing apparatus consists of compound eyes and 3 small simple eyes called ocelli. Compound eye made of light sensitive cells called ommatida. FUNCTION- Compound eye – distinguish light and colour and to detect directional information from sun rays Simple eyes – determine amount of light present in environment. EYES OF WORKER & QUEEN BEE EYES OF DRONE BEE Compound eyes do not meet at the vertex. Compound eyes are large, black, kidney-shaped and unite at the top head.
- 4. ANTENNAE Pair of sensitive receptors placed in socket like membrane in head. FUNCTION- Feel or to touch and to smell , thus guides the honey bee Also measure flight speed. MANDIBLES Pair of jaws suspended from head and parts of the bee’s mouth FUNCTION- Help to eat the pollen , cut and shape the wax, clean the hive, groom themselves and fight. Thus, act as grasping instrument. PROBOSCIS / TONGUE FUNCTION- Help in drinking water or lapping nectar, honey. Exchange of food between the bees. It is a temporary organ formed by assembling parts of maxillae and the labium . It is released only when required to draw liquids such as nectar, water, honey and sweet juices.
- 5. Armour plated mid section of honey bee. Composed of 4 segments namely prothorax, mesothorax, metathorax and propodium. It supports 3 pair of legs and 2 pair of wings. Thus, thorax acts as the locomotory organ of honey bee. LEGS Each pair jointed into six segments with a pair of claws at the tip to help the insect to cling to surfaces. The three section of legs are: i. FORELEG / PROTHORACIC LEGS- 3 important structures present on it are :- a. Eye brush- constituted by hairs on tibia b. Antennae cleaner- further consists of vellum/ fibula & antenna comb c. Pollen brush- bristles on basitarsus form pollen brush.
- 7. ii. MIDDLE LEGS/ MESOTHORACIC LEGS- 2 important structures are:- a. Pollen brush- formed by stiff hairs on basitarsus , collect pollen from mid body parts. b. Tibial spur- movable spur present at distal end of tibia, loosen pollen pellets from pollen basket on hind legs and clean wings and spiracles. iii. HIND LEGS/ METATHORACIC LEGS – 3 important structures are:- a. Pollen basket/ corbicula- enable bee to carry loads of pollen and propolis. b. Pollen packer / pollen press- consists of pecten ( row of stout bristles at distal end of tibia) and auricle ( small plate fringed with hairs at basal end ). c. Pollen comb WINGS It is 2 layered, born on mesothoracic and metathoracic segment. It function in worker bee is both flight and ventilating the hive. 2 types of wings in honey bee are:- i. FOREWING – larger than hind wing and used for flight and cooling mechanism. ii. HINDWING- at times attach with forewings by hooks called hamuli to work together.
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