 wing is one of the most characterstic feature of insects.  In majority of insects mesothorax and meta thorax carries a pair of wings.  On the basis of presence of wings class insecta is devided into 2 sub classes : 1. APTERIGOTA 2. PTERIGOTA

2. WING
 wing is one of the most characterstic feature
of insects.
 In majority of insects mesothorax and meta
thorax carries a pair of wings.
 On the basis of presence of wings class
insecta is devided into 2 sub classes :
1. APTERIGOTA
2. PTERIGOTA

3. AREAS OF WINGS
The wing is triangular in shape having 3 margins-
1. ANTERIOR MARGININ OR COSTA
2. OUTER OR APICAL MARGIN
3. INNER OR ANAL MARGIN

4. WING VENATION
 Each of the wings consists of a thin membrane
supported by a system of veins i.e called
venation.

5. •The membrane is formed by two layers of integument closely
apposed, while the veins are formed where the two layers
remain separate.
• sometimes the lower cuticle is thicker and more
heavily sclerotized under a vein.
•Within each of the major veins there is a nerve and a trachea.
• since the cavities of the veins are connected with
the hemocoel , hemolymph can flow into the wings.

6.  The lines of venation have been “mapped” with a
common terminology called Comstock–Needham
system.
 It was devised by John Comstock and
George Needham in 1898.
 It was an important step in showing the homology of
all insect wings.

 This system was based on Needham's pre-
tracheation theory that was later discredited by

7. VEINS
 The principal veins run more-or-less lengthwise on the
wing--thus called longitudinal veins.
 Connecting them are a lesser number of cross-veins.
 A closed area bounded by veins is called a cell.

8. TYPES OF VEINS
 According to current dogma, the archedictyon
contained 6–8 longitudinal veins.
 These veins (and their branches) are named
according to a system devised by John
Comstock and George Needham.

10.  Costa (C) – the leading edge of the wing
 Subcosta (Sc) – second longitudinal vein (behind the
costa), typically unbranched.
 Radius (R) – third longitudinal vein, one to five branches
reach the wing margin
 Media (M) – fourth longitudinal vein, one to four branches
reach the wing margin
 Cubitus (Cu) – fifth longitudinal vein, one to three
branches reach the wing margin
 Anal veins (A1, A2, A3) – unbranched veins behind the
cubitus

11. CROSS-VEINS
 C-Sc cross-veins – run between the costa and
subcosta
 R cross-veins – run between adjacent branches of
the radius
 R-M cross-veins – run between the radius and
media

13. ORDER:BLATTODEA (cockroach)

14. ORDER:COLEOPTERA (beetles)

15. ORDER:DERMAPTERA
(earwigs)

16. ORDER:DIPTERA (flies and mosquitos)
•Single vein R2+3 inspite of separate
R1 and R3.
•R4 and R5 are also modified as single
vein

17. ORDER:EPHEMEROPTERA
(mayflies)

18. ORDER:HEMIPTERA
(diving beetles,cicadas)

19. ORDER:HYMENOPTERA
(Bees,bumblebees,wasp,ants)

20. ORDER:ISOPTERA
(TERMITES)

21. ORDER:LEPIDOPTERA
(BUTTERFLIES,MOTHS)

22. ORDER:MANTODEA
(PRAYING MANTIS)

23. ORDER:MECOPTERA
(SCORPION FLIES)

24. ORDER:NEUROPTERA
(LACEWIGS)

25. ORDER:ODONATA
(DRAGONFLIES)

26. ORDER:ORTHOPTERA
(GRASSHOPPER,LOCUST)