High density orcharding in fruit crops.
•Download as PPT, PDF•
11 likes•8,402 views
This document discusses high density orcharding techniques for fruit crops. High density orcharding involves planting fruit trees or plants at closer spacing than traditional methods to increase yields. Key aspects of high density orcharding include using dwarfing rootstocks, specific training and pruning methods, and growth regulators to control vegetative growth and maximize productivity per plant. Examples show yields can increase by 200-250% using high density spacing for crops like mango, citrus, banana and guava. Studies on apple orcharding found the highest cumulative yields and leaf area index using a spacing of 2.5m x 2.5m. Severe pruning in alternate rows every three years is proposed as a strategy for high density orchards.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Protected cultivation, importance &; scope, status in india
Protected cultivation involves controlling the microclimate around plants to optimize growth conditions. It has several benefits like conserving moisture, improving crop quality and yield, and allowing year-round production. In India, protected cultivation began in the late 1990s and has grown to around 30,000 hectares currently, focused on high-value crops. Major producing states are Maharashtra, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, and Northeast states. Globally, over 405,000 hectares use protected cultivation led by China, Japan, and European nations.
Important Physiological Disorders of Mango
The presentation discusses important physiological disorders that affect mango crops and their management. It identifies four key disorders - alternate bearing, clustering, black tip, and mango malformation. Each disorder is described in 1-2 sentences along with its causes and recommended control methods such as using plant growth regulators, pruning, and avoiding pesticide use during flowering. The presentation emphasizes that physiological disorders are caused by various genetic, environmental, and cultural factors, and that proper management practices can help prevent disorders and improve mango yields and quality.
High density planting (HDP)
High Density Planting is a method of densely planting plant with plant population more than the optimum to get higher productivity in terms of quality and yield by manipulating the tree architecture and planting systems such as use of dwarfing rootstock, interstocks, scions, spurs; intensive use of growth regulators, training and pruning, cultural practices and reducing the spacing. The main principle is to improve efficiency of horizontal and vertical space utilisation per unit time, and resources and input utilisation. There is a balance between the vegetative and fruiting structures without affecting the plant health. Advantages include increased productivity, high income, efficient use of resources and mechanisation and operational efficacy
Production technique of true potato seed
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on the production technique of true potato seed. It discusses how potato originated in South America and was introduced to India in the 16th-17th century. True potato seed is produced through sexual reproduction of potato plants and has advantages over conventional tuber planting, including being pathogen free and easier to transport. The document outlines the taxonomy of potato, major producing countries and states, and production of true potato seed through selection of parents, pollination, harvesting, processing, and storage of the seed.
CANOPY MANAGEMENT IN FRUIT CROPS.ppt
This document provides details of a seminar on canopy management in fruit crops. It includes an introduction to canopy management, objectives, techniques like pruning and training, and examples of canopy management for grapes, guava, and mango. Proper canopy management provides advantages like increased productivity, improved fruit quality, regular yields, and easier maintenance.
Apple cultivation
This document provides information about apple production including taxonomy, varieties, propagation, planting, training, pruning, pest and disease management. It discusses apple as the king of temperate fruits, with highest production in China. It covers major apple growing regions in India and varieties grown in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Uttarakhand for early, mid and late seasons. It also discusses production practices like propagation, rootstocks, planting density, training and pruning methods, fertilizer and irrigation management, and harvesting.
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN GREENHOUSE
This document discusses various irrigation systems used in greenhouses. It begins by defining crop water needs and evapotranspiration. It then describes different types of irrigation systems including overhead systems like sprinklers and booms, surface systems like drip and perimeter watering, and subsurface systems like ebb and flow, capillary mats, and floor flooding. Key components of drip irrigation systems like pumps, filters, fertigation equipment, and piping networks are also explained. The advantages of drip irrigation systems for greenhouse crops are highlighted.
Training in Grapes.pptx
Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.
Recommended
Protected cultivation, importance &; scope, status in india
Protected cultivation involves controlling the microclimate around plants to optimize growth conditions. It has several benefits like conserving moisture, improving crop quality and yield, and allowing year-round production. In India, protected cultivation began in the late 1990s and has grown to around 30,000 hectares currently, focused on high-value crops. Major producing states are Maharashtra, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, and Northeast states. Globally, over 405,000 hectares use protected cultivation led by China, Japan, and European nations.
Important Physiological Disorders of Mango
The presentation discusses important physiological disorders that affect mango crops and their management. It identifies four key disorders - alternate bearing, clustering, black tip, and mango malformation. Each disorder is described in 1-2 sentences along with its causes and recommended control methods such as using plant growth regulators, pruning, and avoiding pesticide use during flowering. The presentation emphasizes that physiological disorders are caused by various genetic, environmental, and cultural factors, and that proper management practices can help prevent disorders and improve mango yields and quality.
High density planting (HDP)
High Density Planting is a method of densely planting plant with plant population more than the optimum to get higher productivity in terms of quality and yield by manipulating the tree architecture and planting systems such as use of dwarfing rootstock, interstocks, scions, spurs; intensive use of growth regulators, training and pruning, cultural practices and reducing the spacing. The main principle is to improve efficiency of horizontal and vertical space utilisation per unit time, and resources and input utilisation. There is a balance between the vegetative and fruiting structures without affecting the plant health. Advantages include increased productivity, high income, efficient use of resources and mechanisation and operational efficacy
Production technique of true potato seed
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on the production technique of true potato seed. It discusses how potato originated in South America and was introduced to India in the 16th-17th century. True potato seed is produced through sexual reproduction of potato plants and has advantages over conventional tuber planting, including being pathogen free and easier to transport. The document outlines the taxonomy of potato, major producing countries and states, and production of true potato seed through selection of parents, pollination, harvesting, processing, and storage of the seed.
CANOPY MANAGEMENT IN FRUIT CROPS.ppt
This document provides details of a seminar on canopy management in fruit crops. It includes an introduction to canopy management, objectives, techniques like pruning and training, and examples of canopy management for grapes, guava, and mango. Proper canopy management provides advantages like increased productivity, improved fruit quality, regular yields, and easier maintenance.
Apple cultivation
This document provides information about apple production including taxonomy, varieties, propagation, planting, training, pruning, pest and disease management. It discusses apple as the king of temperate fruits, with highest production in China. It covers major apple growing regions in India and varieties grown in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Uttarakhand for early, mid and late seasons. It also discusses production practices like propagation, rootstocks, planting density, training and pruning methods, fertilizer and irrigation management, and harvesting.
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN GREENHOUSE
This document discusses various irrigation systems used in greenhouses. It begins by defining crop water needs and evapotranspiration. It then describes different types of irrigation systems including overhead systems like sprinklers and booms, surface systems like drip and perimeter watering, and subsurface systems like ebb and flow, capillary mats, and floor flooding. Key components of drip irrigation systems like pumps, filters, fertigation equipment, and piping networks are also explained. The advantages of drip irrigation systems for greenhouse crops are highlighted.
Training in Grapes.pptx
Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.
Training and Pruning of Fruit Crops
The document discusses training and pruning of fruit trees. It provides details on:
1) The objectives of training include improving plant structure, facilitating cultural practices and harvest, and balancing vegetative and reproductive growth. Common training systems described include central leader, open center, and modified center.
2) Pruning aims to control plant size and yield, remove diseased or damaged wood, and balance vegetative and reproductive growth. Techniques include heading, thinning, and girdling. Proper timing and tools are important.
3) Factors like bud differentiation timing and wood age influence appropriate pruning times. Temperate trees are pruned dormant in winter while evergreens are rarely pruned except for thinning.
Canopy managemnt in grapes
Canopy management is a vital part of fruit cultivation. It influences the quality and quantity of fruits. Thus directly or indirectly, it involves farmers benefit and yield increase.
Rootstock
Rootstocks are used in fruit tree propagation to produce stronger, quicker establishing trees that take on desirable rootstock traits. Rootstocks help control tree size, influence scion growth habits and productivity, and can impart resistance to stresses. For many fruit crops, rootstocks are important to provide adaptations to different soil and climate conditions. Common rootstock varieties are used for different fruits like mango, banana, grape, pomegranate, guava, and apple to influence tree characteristics and performance.
Plant growth regulators in temperature fruit crops
This document discusses the effects of various plant growth regulators (PGRs) on several temperate fruit crops. It classifies PGRs into three main categories - growth promoters, growth inhibitors, and growth retardants. The major growth promoters discussed are auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins, and their roles in processes like cell division, fruit development, and flowering are described. The document then provides examples of how specific PGRs like NAA, GA3, and ethephon can be used to influence behaviors like fruit thinning, shape, and color in apple. It also summarizes strategies for PGR application in other temperate fruits like pear, peach, plum, apricot, cherry,
Role of rootstocks in horticultural crops
This document summarizes information about rootstocks and their effects in different fruit crops. It discusses that a rootstock is the lower portion of a grafted plant that develops the root system. There are two main types of rootstocks - seedling and clonal. An ideal rootstock confers compatibility, disease/pest resistance, and positive effects on scion growth and quality. The document then examines specific rootstocks used in mango, citrus, and apple crops and their effects on traits like tree size, yield, quality, and stress tolerance of the scion cultivars. Different rootstocks can impart dwarfing, alter nutrient uptake, provide salt tolerance, and influence fruit characteristics and production in the grafted plants.
Pecan Nut
This document provides an overview of pecan production technology. It begins with an introduction to pecans, describing their importance and nutritional value. It then discusses pecan varieties, production practices such as propagation, spacing, pruning, and fertilization. Health benefits and nutritional content of pecans are highlighted. Details are given on pecan tree description, floral biology, fruit description, and ecological requirements. Major pecan producing countries and varieties are identified. Common pecan diseases and their management are also summarized.
Horticultural practices in vegetable crops
This document discusses special horticultural practices for vegetable crops under protected cultivation. It begins with an introduction to the speaker and guides for the seminar. It then provides background on India's vegetable production and consumption. The document outlines various training methods used for different crops under protected cultivation, including tomato, capsicum, and cucumber. It also discusses practices like pruning, mulching, and pollination techniques. Overall, the document focuses on production techniques used in protected cultivation systems to maximize vegetable yields.
Multi tier cropping system
This document discusses multi-tier cropping systems for vegetable production in India. It provides examples of vegetable-based multi-tier systems including elephant foot yam grown with bitter gourd, ridge gourd, or bottle gourd. Data shows these intercropping systems can increase total yields and incomes compared to sole cropping. Multi-tier systems make better use of space, resources, and provide continuous income from multiple crops. While labor intensive, multi-tier cropping improves soil health and supports more sustainable agricultural production.
Physiological Disorder of Vegetable Crops
Physiological disorders in plants can be caused by nutrient deficiencies or excesses, water issues, temperature fluctuations and other non-pathogenic stressors. They impact plant growth and development across all plant stages. Common physiological disorders include blossom end rot in tomatoes from calcium deficiency, hollow heart in potatoes from irregular watering, and bolting in lettuce from temperature changes. Managing disorders requires identifying their causes and implementing practices like balanced fertilization, irrigation, ventilation and growing resistant varieties. Physiological issues cannot be transmitted but can seriously impact crop yields if not properly addressed.
Canopy management in fruits
This document discusses canopy management techniques for high density orchards in temperate regions. It begins by outlining the objectives and principles of canopy management, which involves operations on the above-ground portion of plants to maximize production of quality fruits per unit canopy area. Some key techniques discussed include selecting appropriate planting systems, developing the tree frame through pruning young branches, training plants in an open center system, and opening the center of mature trees to improve fruiting and disease resistance.
PROTECTED CULTIVATION OF TOMATO
Introduction, varieties, types, interculatural operations, harvest, pest and diseases, physiological disorders and case study
Protected cultivation
This document provides information on protected cultivation using greenhouses. It discusses the benefits of protected cultivation including higher yields, year-round production, better quality, and protection from weather. Greenhouses allow full or partial control of the microclimate around plants. Vegetables and flowers are well-suited for greenhouses. The types of greenhouses described are attached (lean-to, even-span, window-mounted) and freestanding structures. Requirements for greenhouse covering materials and fertigation systems are also outlined. India has an area of 25,000 hectares under protected cultivation currently, compared to other leading countries. The costs for establishing one acre of greenhouse with irrigation and climate control systems to grow cucumbers are
Banana cultivation practices
This document summarizes information about banana cultivation in Maharashtra, India. It discusses the leading banana varieties grown in the state like Basrai, key cultivation practices including soil and climate requirements, planting methods, irrigation, fertilization and intercultural operations. It also outlines some of the major banana diseases found in the region such as Panama wilt, sigatoka leaf spot and bunchy top virus, and their management strategies. Maharashtra is one of the top banana producing states in India with an average yield of 28.7 tons/ha, significantly higher than the national average of 13.8 tons/ha.
Presentation on black gram
Vigna mungo, also known as black gram or urdbean, is an important pulse crop grown in India. It is rich in protein and helps restore soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. The main producing states are Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. Black gram grows best in temperatures between 25-35°C and prefers loam or clay soils with good drainage. It is usually sown between June-July during the kharif season or February-March in summer. Proper weed management and irrigation are important. Hand picking is done when pods are dried to avoid shattering. Black gram is a nutritious crop that provides around 10-12 quintals
Crop regulation in guava and pomegranate
Crop regulation, also known as bahar treatment, involves giving fruit crops a resting period through methods like withholding water or using chemicals. This alters the natural flowering cycle to produce higher yields at specific times. For pomegranate, bahar treatment can induce flowering in June-July, September-October, or January-February depending on rainfall patterns. For guava, bahar involves restricting water from February to May to induce heavy flowering and winter crop yields of higher quality fruit. Methods like root exposure, deblossoming of rainy season crops, and growth regulators like urea or potassium iodide are used to regulate guava flowering cycles.
Crop discrimination and yield monitoring
Crop discrimination, yield monitoring, yield mapping and Soil mapping as peer the course content of AGRON 311 as per fifth dean committee report
Physiological disorders of temperate and subtropical fruit crops
Physiological disorders can affect fruit crops in various ways. They are caused by environmental or nutritional imbalances rather than pathogens. Some key points:
- Physiological disorders include apple scald, bitter pit, water core, sunburn, and russeting. They can be caused by factors like temperature, humidity, nutrients, and sunlight.
- Pear disorders include internal browning, flesh spot decay, and senescent scald. Internal browning of Asian pears is a major issue.
- Stone fruits like peaches can be affected by internal breakdown, skin discoloration from abrasion, and freezing injury patterns.
- Other disorders discussed include litchi flower and fruit drop, sun
GIS and Remote Sensing in Diagnosis and Management of Problem Soil with audio...
GIS and Remote Sensing in Diagnosis and Management of Problem Soil for agriculture, soil science, agronomy, forestry, land management and planning with audio by Dr. Kamini Roy
High density planting apple
This document discusses high density planting (HDP) of apple trees. HDP involves planting a greater number of trees per unit area to increase fruit production. Key aspects covered include:
- Types of HDP systems ranging from semi-intensive to super-intensive with thousands of trees per hectare.
- Components of successful HDP include use of dwarfing rootstocks, pruning, and crop management practices.
- Advantages are best land and resource use, higher yields, and easier harvesting.
- Training systems discussed include bush, pyramid, espalier, and cordon styles to manage tree canopy in dense orchards.
Seed drying
This document discusses seed drying methods and factors that affect the drying process. It describes drying as the evaporation of moisture from seed surfaces through movement to the surface from within. The drying temperature depends on the initial seed moisture content, with lower temperatures used for higher moisture contents. Methods mentioned include solar drying, shade drying, forced air drying, vacuum drying, and batch or continuous flow drying using heated air. Factors noted as influencing drying include the initial moisture content, humidity, temperature, air flow, seed properties, and drying system design.
Seminar (Pawan Kumar Nagar)
1) The document discusses guava production, including propagation methods, planting densities, pruning, fertilizer use, and post-harvest management. It provides tables showing the effects of different propagation timings, growth regulators, rooting media, and planting densities.
2) Guava is an important fruit crop in India and is known as the "Apple of the tropics". It is rich in Vitamin C and other nutrients. Common propagation methods include budding, air layering, and stooling.
3) Higher planting densities increase yields but require more intensive management. Rooting is improved by using growth regulators like IBA and selecting appropriate media. Post-harvest practices are also discussed.
Canopy management | Practices & Information
Presentation about the importance of canopy management & the practices followed in the process of canopy management.
Presentation for academic purposes.
More Related Content
What's hot
Training and Pruning of Fruit Crops
The document discusses training and pruning of fruit trees. It provides details on:
1) The objectives of training include improving plant structure, facilitating cultural practices and harvest, and balancing vegetative and reproductive growth. Common training systems described include central leader, open center, and modified center.
2) Pruning aims to control plant size and yield, remove diseased or damaged wood, and balance vegetative and reproductive growth. Techniques include heading, thinning, and girdling. Proper timing and tools are important.
3) Factors like bud differentiation timing and wood age influence appropriate pruning times. Temperate trees are pruned dormant in winter while evergreens are rarely pruned except for thinning.
Canopy managemnt in grapes
Canopy management is a vital part of fruit cultivation. It influences the quality and quantity of fruits. Thus directly or indirectly, it involves farmers benefit and yield increase.
Rootstock
Rootstocks are used in fruit tree propagation to produce stronger, quicker establishing trees that take on desirable rootstock traits. Rootstocks help control tree size, influence scion growth habits and productivity, and can impart resistance to stresses. For many fruit crops, rootstocks are important to provide adaptations to different soil and climate conditions. Common rootstock varieties are used for different fruits like mango, banana, grape, pomegranate, guava, and apple to influence tree characteristics and performance.
Plant growth regulators in temperature fruit crops
This document discusses the effects of various plant growth regulators (PGRs) on several temperate fruit crops. It classifies PGRs into three main categories - growth promoters, growth inhibitors, and growth retardants. The major growth promoters discussed are auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins, and their roles in processes like cell division, fruit development, and flowering are described. The document then provides examples of how specific PGRs like NAA, GA3, and ethephon can be used to influence behaviors like fruit thinning, shape, and color in apple. It also summarizes strategies for PGR application in other temperate fruits like pear, peach, plum, apricot, cherry,
Role of rootstocks in horticultural crops
This document summarizes information about rootstocks and their effects in different fruit crops. It discusses that a rootstock is the lower portion of a grafted plant that develops the root system. There are two main types of rootstocks - seedling and clonal. An ideal rootstock confers compatibility, disease/pest resistance, and positive effects on scion growth and quality. The document then examines specific rootstocks used in mango, citrus, and apple crops and their effects on traits like tree size, yield, quality, and stress tolerance of the scion cultivars. Different rootstocks can impart dwarfing, alter nutrient uptake, provide salt tolerance, and influence fruit characteristics and production in the grafted plants.
Pecan Nut
This document provides an overview of pecan production technology. It begins with an introduction to pecans, describing their importance and nutritional value. It then discusses pecan varieties, production practices such as propagation, spacing, pruning, and fertilization. Health benefits and nutritional content of pecans are highlighted. Details are given on pecan tree description, floral biology, fruit description, and ecological requirements. Major pecan producing countries and varieties are identified. Common pecan diseases and their management are also summarized.
Horticultural practices in vegetable crops
This document discusses special horticultural practices for vegetable crops under protected cultivation. It begins with an introduction to the speaker and guides for the seminar. It then provides background on India's vegetable production and consumption. The document outlines various training methods used for different crops under protected cultivation, including tomato, capsicum, and cucumber. It also discusses practices like pruning, mulching, and pollination techniques. Overall, the document focuses on production techniques used in protected cultivation systems to maximize vegetable yields.
Multi tier cropping system
This document discusses multi-tier cropping systems for vegetable production in India. It provides examples of vegetable-based multi-tier systems including elephant foot yam grown with bitter gourd, ridge gourd, or bottle gourd. Data shows these intercropping systems can increase total yields and incomes compared to sole cropping. Multi-tier systems make better use of space, resources, and provide continuous income from multiple crops. While labor intensive, multi-tier cropping improves soil health and supports more sustainable agricultural production.
Physiological Disorder of Vegetable Crops
Physiological disorders in plants can be caused by nutrient deficiencies or excesses, water issues, temperature fluctuations and other non-pathogenic stressors. They impact plant growth and development across all plant stages. Common physiological disorders include blossom end rot in tomatoes from calcium deficiency, hollow heart in potatoes from irregular watering, and bolting in lettuce from temperature changes. Managing disorders requires identifying their causes and implementing practices like balanced fertilization, irrigation, ventilation and growing resistant varieties. Physiological issues cannot be transmitted but can seriously impact crop yields if not properly addressed.
Canopy management in fruits
This document discusses canopy management techniques for high density orchards in temperate regions. It begins by outlining the objectives and principles of canopy management, which involves operations on the above-ground portion of plants to maximize production of quality fruits per unit canopy area. Some key techniques discussed include selecting appropriate planting systems, developing the tree frame through pruning young branches, training plants in an open center system, and opening the center of mature trees to improve fruiting and disease resistance.
PROTECTED CULTIVATION OF TOMATO
Introduction, varieties, types, interculatural operations, harvest, pest and diseases, physiological disorders and case study
Protected cultivation
This document provides information on protected cultivation using greenhouses. It discusses the benefits of protected cultivation including higher yields, year-round production, better quality, and protection from weather. Greenhouses allow full or partial control of the microclimate around plants. Vegetables and flowers are well-suited for greenhouses. The types of greenhouses described are attached (lean-to, even-span, window-mounted) and freestanding structures. Requirements for greenhouse covering materials and fertigation systems are also outlined. India has an area of 25,000 hectares under protected cultivation currently, compared to other leading countries. The costs for establishing one acre of greenhouse with irrigation and climate control systems to grow cucumbers are
Banana cultivation practices
This document summarizes information about banana cultivation in Maharashtra, India. It discusses the leading banana varieties grown in the state like Basrai, key cultivation practices including soil and climate requirements, planting methods, irrigation, fertilization and intercultural operations. It also outlines some of the major banana diseases found in the region such as Panama wilt, sigatoka leaf spot and bunchy top virus, and their management strategies. Maharashtra is one of the top banana producing states in India with an average yield of 28.7 tons/ha, significantly higher than the national average of 13.8 tons/ha.
Presentation on black gram
Vigna mungo, also known as black gram or urdbean, is an important pulse crop grown in India. It is rich in protein and helps restore soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. The main producing states are Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. Black gram grows best in temperatures between 25-35°C and prefers loam or clay soils with good drainage. It is usually sown between June-July during the kharif season or February-March in summer. Proper weed management and irrigation are important. Hand picking is done when pods are dried to avoid shattering. Black gram is a nutritious crop that provides around 10-12 quintals
Crop regulation in guava and pomegranate
Crop regulation, also known as bahar treatment, involves giving fruit crops a resting period through methods like withholding water or using chemicals. This alters the natural flowering cycle to produce higher yields at specific times. For pomegranate, bahar treatment can induce flowering in June-July, September-October, or January-February depending on rainfall patterns. For guava, bahar involves restricting water from February to May to induce heavy flowering and winter crop yields of higher quality fruit. Methods like root exposure, deblossoming of rainy season crops, and growth regulators like urea or potassium iodide are used to regulate guava flowering cycles.
Crop discrimination and yield monitoring
Crop discrimination, yield monitoring, yield mapping and Soil mapping as peer the course content of AGRON 311 as per fifth dean committee report
Physiological disorders of temperate and subtropical fruit crops
Physiological disorders can affect fruit crops in various ways. They are caused by environmental or nutritional imbalances rather than pathogens. Some key points:
- Physiological disorders include apple scald, bitter pit, water core, sunburn, and russeting. They can be caused by factors like temperature, humidity, nutrients, and sunlight.
- Pear disorders include internal browning, flesh spot decay, and senescent scald. Internal browning of Asian pears is a major issue.
- Stone fruits like peaches can be affected by internal breakdown, skin discoloration from abrasion, and freezing injury patterns.
- Other disorders discussed include litchi flower and fruit drop, sun
GIS and Remote Sensing in Diagnosis and Management of Problem Soil with audio...
GIS and Remote Sensing in Diagnosis and Management of Problem Soil for agriculture, soil science, agronomy, forestry, land management and planning with audio by Dr. Kamini Roy
High density planting apple
This document discusses high density planting (HDP) of apple trees. HDP involves planting a greater number of trees per unit area to increase fruit production. Key aspects covered include:
- Types of HDP systems ranging from semi-intensive to super-intensive with thousands of trees per hectare.
- Components of successful HDP include use of dwarfing rootstocks, pruning, and crop management practices.
- Advantages are best land and resource use, higher yields, and easier harvesting.
- Training systems discussed include bush, pyramid, espalier, and cordon styles to manage tree canopy in dense orchards.
Seed drying
This document discusses seed drying methods and factors that affect the drying process. It describes drying as the evaporation of moisture from seed surfaces through movement to the surface from within. The drying temperature depends on the initial seed moisture content, with lower temperatures used for higher moisture contents. Methods mentioned include solar drying, shade drying, forced air drying, vacuum drying, and batch or continuous flow drying using heated air. Factors noted as influencing drying include the initial moisture content, humidity, temperature, air flow, seed properties, and drying system design.
What's hot (20)
Plant growth regulators in temperature fruit crops
Plant growth regulators in temperature fruit crops
Physiological disorders of temperate and subtropical fruit crops
Physiological disorders of temperate and subtropical fruit crops
GIS and Remote Sensing in Diagnosis and Management of Problem Soil with audio...
GIS and Remote Sensing in Diagnosis and Management of Problem Soil with audio...
Viewers also liked
Seminar (Pawan Kumar Nagar)
1) The document discusses guava production, including propagation methods, planting densities, pruning, fertilizer use, and post-harvest management. It provides tables showing the effects of different propagation timings, growth regulators, rooting media, and planting densities.
2) Guava is an important fruit crop in India and is known as the "Apple of the tropics". It is rich in Vitamin C and other nutrients. Common propagation methods include budding, air layering, and stooling.
3) Higher planting densities increase yields but require more intensive management. Rooting is improved by using growth regulators like IBA and selecting appropriate media. Post-harvest practices are also discussed.
Canopy management | Practices & Information
Presentation about the importance of canopy management & the practices followed in the process of canopy management.
Presentation for academic purposes.
Canopy
This document discusses canopy management practices for guava trees, specifically pruning. It notes that canopy management is an important practice that forms the basis for fruit tree precociousness and longevity. Regular pruning is essential to induce new growth and provide maximum fruit-bearing area over the tree. Pruning helps control tree size, stimulate flowering and fruiting, improve fruit quality by increasing sunlight penetration, and make other horticultural practices more efficient. The ideal guava tree structure from pruning is dwarf, spreading, with an open canopy.
Meadow orchrad in_guava
Guava is an important fruit crop in tropical and subtropical regions of the country due to the hardy nature of its tree and prolific bearing even in marginal lands.
The Meadow Orchard is a modern method of fruit cultivation.
Recently, there is a trend to plant fruit trees at closer spacing leading to high density or meadow orchard. Higher and quality production is achieved from densely planted orchards through judicious canopy management and adoption of suitable tree training systems.
Recent advances and commercial propagation technique in fruit crops
Recent advances and commercial propagation techniques in fruit crops are discussed. Asexual propagation methods like stem cuttings, layering, grafting, and tissue culture are described as they allow for reproducing exact duplicates of desirable plants and increasing quality. Tissue culture, also called micropropagation, is highlighted as it provides a rapid means of clonally propagating plants using small explants in sterile culture.
Topworking
Topworking is a grafting technique used to repair or change the variety of fruit trees without removing and replacing the entire tree. The top of the tree is cut back to several major limbs and the stubs are then grafted or budded with the desired variety. Bark grafting is commonly used for topworking larger rootstocks, where several small scion pieces are inserted into slanted cuts in the bark. Bridge grafting is used to repair damaged bark areas, with scion wood attached across the injured part to reconnect the sections. Inarching is a similar repair method where healthy rootstock cuttings are planted next to the trunk and grafted on above the damaged area.
Climate change impact on productivity and quality of temperate fruits and its...
Climate change impact on productivity and quality of temperate fruits and its...Indian Agricultural Research Institute
The presentation highlighted about its impact on temperate fruit production and also the suggestion to mitigate its effect. It was presented in a National Seminar on Climate change held at Amity University, Noida, India Influence of climate on fruit crops
This document is an assignment submitted by Manohar Lal Meghwal to Dr. K. Ajith Kumar on the influence of climate on fruit crops. It discusses how various climate factors such as solar radiation, temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind impact fruit crop growth and development. Solar radiation affects photosynthesis and flowering. Temperature influences growth, flowering, and can cause heat stress issues. High humidity promotes growth but also disease. Precipitation provides water for growth but drought can stress plants. Wind impacts transpiration, photosynthesis, hormone balance, and can cause crop damage.
Strategies to overcome climate change effect on fruit
This document discusses strategies for mitigating the impacts of climate change on subtropical fruits. It provides evidence that human activities are changing the climate through greenhouse gas emissions. The key impacts of climate change on horticulture that are predicted by 2050 include increased CO2, sea level rise, higher temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and increased storminess. These climate changes will affect fruit crops like citrus, grapes, mangoes, and guavas through issues like increased disease pressure, reduced yields, and decreased fruit quality. The document recommends strategies for fruit crops to adapt to or mitigate the effects of climate change.
Intercropping in fruit crops
This document discusses intercropping systems in fruit crop orchards. It describes how certain short-term fruit crops and vegetables can be grown as intercrops during the early stages of establishment of perennial fruit trees. Some examples given include papaya, peach, and guava as fruit crop intercrops in mango orchards. Vegetables like tomato, cauliflower, and beans are also mentioned as suitable intercrops in citrus and grape orchards. The document outlines principles for selecting intercrops and highlights benefits like increased productivity and income generation from intercropping in fruit crops.
Principles and Practices for Sustainable Fruit Production
This document outlines principles and practices for sustainable fruit production. It discusses the objectives of sustainable agriculture including making best use of resources and protecting the environment. Key components of sustainable development are the economy, society and environment. The aim of sustainable fruit production is to ensure safety/quality of products and environmentally friendly practices. Principles include health, ecology, fairness and care. Recommended practices are presented for sustainable farming systems, integrated crop management, economic sustainability, social sustainability and environmental sustainability. Important sustainable practices discussed include canopy management, mulching, bagging and harvesting techniques.
Role of protected cultivation in fruit crops
This document discusses the role of protected cultivation in fruit crops. It defines protected cultivation as intensive agricultural systems that use structures like greenhouses, tunnels, shade nets, and mulches to control the environment and minimize pesticide use. These structures allow year-round production, higher yields, better quality, and less impact from weather events. The document provides examples of different protected cultivation technologies and their benefits for various fruit crops like strawberries, bananas, cherries, peaches, and blueberries. It summarizes research showing increased yields, reduced pest problems, and improved quality and harvest times with protected cultivation systems.
Slideshare ppt
Miss goodheart created a PowerPoint to test out the Slideshare tool, which was introduced to her by Sharon Tonner on January 20th, 2011.
Dr. Marcos Rostagno - Pre-Harvest Risk Factors for Salmonella in Pork Product...
Pre-Harvest Risk Factors for Salmonella in Pork Production - Dr. Marcos H. Rostagno, Research Animal Scientist/Adjunct Faculty, USDA-ARS / Purdue University, from the 2013 Boehringer Ingelheim Swine Health Seminar, August 16-18, 2013, Wrightsville Beach, NC, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2013-boehringer-ingelheim-carolina-swine-health-seminar
Canopy management tree training & crop loading – opportunities to learn fro...
The document discusses crop load and productivity in macadamia orchards, drawing lessons from apple crop management. It summarizes that crop load affects tree physiology, flowering, and yield. High crop load leads to small fruits/nuts and low vegetative growth, while low crop load increases vegetative growth and fruit/nut size. Apple growers strategically manage crop loads to balance productivity and quality over seasons. The author believes macadamia growers need better understanding of crop load effects to develop management methods.
Laurens et al., 2010. the new eu project fruit breedomics an approach for inc...
The FruitBreedomics project aims to increase breeding efficiency in fruit tree crops like apple and peach through an integrated multi-disciplinary approach. It brings together European and international teams to develop cutting-edge breeding tools like marker-assisted breeding to create new varieties with improved traits like disease resistance and fruit quality that can be grown sustainably. The project will improve understanding of key traits, accelerate the breeding cycle, and efficiently identify marker-trait associations to provide genetic resources to support future breeding programs.
Climate Resilient Horticultural Crops of Future
Climate Resilient Horticultural Crops of FutureVivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan -303012
Concise Oxford Dictionary defines Resilience as recoiling; springing back; resuming its original shape after bending, stretching, compression etc. With five components of crop production - space, water, energy, light, nutrients- limiting, there are biotic and abiotic stresses on crops to perform at thresh hold inputs yielding optimum output. Droughts and floods, extreme cold and heat waves, forest fires, landslides and mudslips, icestorms, duststorms, hailstorms, thunder clouds associated with lightening and sea level rise are throwing new challenges to farmers and farming. This dangerously narrow level of food base prompts to widen the base of grains, vegetables, fruits, spices, industrial crops, mushrooms and aromatic plants. The emphasis was so far on terrestrial plants, forest plants and lesser on aquatic and lower plants. The aquatic plants- fresh water, brackish water, marine- were not much explored for edible use except by Chinese, Japanese and S.E. Asian nations. Halophytes, ferns and sea weeds are so far climate resilient. The Indo-Burmese Centre of origin (Hindustan centre including North East) is abode of several plants of possible vegetable, fruit and spice values. Eighty thousand plants are reported to be of possible use, about 30,000 plants are found edible in nature and approximately 7,000 plants are cultivated by mankind at one time or another, of which 158 plants are grown by man at some point of time. Among these, 30 crops provide world’s food and only 10 crops supply 75% of the world’s food budget. Out of these only three crops-rice, wheat, maize provide 60% of the world’s food requirement.This dangerously narrow level of food base prompts to widen the base of grains, vegetables, fruits, spices, industrial crops medicinal plants, mushrooms, plantation crops, pulses, fibre crops, oil seeds and aromatic plants.The emphasis so far was more on terrestrial plants, forest plants and lesser on lower plants like lichens, micro algae, fungi and bryophytes. The aquatic plants-fresh, brackish, marine water were not much explored for edible use except by Chinese and Japanese.The food base of people in South East Asia is partly on cacti (dragon fruit), micro-algae (azola) and several leaf vegetables unlike in India.Halophytes, bryophytes, ferns and sea weeds are so far climate resilient and require lesser fresh water and energy. The Indo-Burmese Centre of origin (Hindustan centre including North East) is abode of several plants of possible vegetable, fruit, industrial, energy and spicy value. The projected climate resilient crops are edible chasmophytes, brahmakamal, tropical tuber crops, herbs like broad dhaniya (Burmese coriander) and black caraway, kale, ornamental gingers, speciality mushrooms and leafy vegetables of Mizoram unexploited and underutilized in the main land.In situ/On farm Conservation and Use of Agricultural Biodiversity (Horticultu...
In situ/On farm Conservation and Use of Agricultural Biodiversity (Horticultu...Bioversity International
This document discusses the in situ and on-farm conservation of agricultural biodiversity in Central Asia. It notes that Central Asia contains over 8,100 plant species and is a center of origin for many globally important crops. However, the replacement of local varieties and land degradation threaten biodiversity. The project worked in 5 Central Asian countries to conserve diversity of 10 fruit crops on farms and in nature. It established 58 nurseries and 72 demonstration plots conserving over 1,500 local varieties. The project increased knowledge of crop diversity and developed guidelines to protect farmers' rights and access and benefit sharing. Case studies showed how using local drought-resistant fruit varieties helped restore degraded lands and improve livelihoods in the region.Varietal improvement and conservation the economics of orchard renewal - da...
1) Orchard replacement is worth considering for the apple industry to adopt new technologies and genetics that can increase productivity, pest and disease resistance, and fruit quality.
2) Growers may consider orchard replacement to renew orchards in decline, adopt improvements in productivity and traits, or replace trees after removal.
3) Orchard replacement has higher upfront costs than tree removal but can provide long term productivity gains, while tree removal only maintains stability and no gains. Minimizing lost production time during replacement is critical.
Commercial Exploitation of Micro-propagation in fruit crops & its Techniques
Micropropagation is a tissue culture technique where plantlets are regenerated from small plant parts like shoot tips, nodes, and meristems. It allows for the rapid multiplication of plant materials in a relatively short period of time compared to traditional propagation methods. The process involves sterilizing and culturing explants on nutrient media, multiplying shoots through subculture, rooting the shoots, and acclimatizing the plantlets. Micropropagation has various advantages like producing disease-free plants, conserving germplasm, and facilitating the export of plants. It has been commercialized for many horticultural crops in India like banana, citrus, grapes, guava, papaya, and strawberry through research institutes.
Viewers also liked (20)
Recent advances and commercial propagation technique in fruit crops
Recent advances and commercial propagation technique in fruit crops
Climate change impact on productivity and quality of temperate fruits and its...
Climate change impact on productivity and quality of temperate fruits and its...
Strategies to overcome climate change effect on fruit
Strategies to overcome climate change effect on fruit
Principles and Practices for Sustainable Fruit Production
Principles and Practices for Sustainable Fruit Production
Dr. Marcos Rostagno - Pre-Harvest Risk Factors for Salmonella in Pork Product...
Dr. Marcos Rostagno - Pre-Harvest Risk Factors for Salmonella in Pork Product...
Canopy management tree training & crop loading – opportunities to learn fro...
Canopy management tree training & crop loading – opportunities to learn fro...
Laurens et al., 2010. the new eu project fruit breedomics an approach for inc...
Laurens et al., 2010. the new eu project fruit breedomics an approach for inc...
In situ/On farm Conservation and Use of Agricultural Biodiversity (Horticultu...
In situ/On farm Conservation and Use of Agricultural Biodiversity (Horticultu...
Varietal improvement and conservation the economics of orchard renewal - da...
Varietal improvement and conservation the economics of orchard renewal - da...
Commercial Exploitation of Micro-propagation in fruit crops & its Techniques
Commercial Exploitation of Micro-propagation in fruit crops & its Techniques
Similar to High density orcharding in fruit crops.
1005 The System of Rice Intensification
1005 The System of Rice IntensificationSRI-Rice, Dept. of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University
1. The document discusses the status of rice production in China and the principles and practices of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI).
2. SRI involves practices like younger seedlings, lower planting density, and intermittent irrigation which can save water and labor while increasing yields.
3. SRI has been adapted to new rice varieties in China and shown to increase transplanting efficiency, save water, and increase profits compared to traditional practices.1003 Study and Utilization of the SRI Technology
1003 Study and Utilization of the SRI Technology SRI-Rice, Dept. of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University
Presenter: Ma Jun,
Sichuan Agricultural University
Workshop on the System of Rice Intensification, Exchanging Experience in
China, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and InternationallyOrganized and
hosted by the China National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI), with support from The
Asia Foundation.
Hangzhou, China, February 28-March 2, 2010System of rice intensification status, issues and future research strategies
System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a methodology for increasing rice yields through changes in management practices such as transplanting younger seedlings in a wide spacing, reducing plant populations, incorporating organic materials, and modifying water management through intermittent irrigation. Studies at the Central Rice Research Institute in Cuttack, India found SRI methods increased yields by 21-24% compared to local recommended practices, through improvements in number of tillers, panicle length, and spikelet fertility. SRI also used fewer seeds, less water, and less chemical inputs but produced higher yields through improved root growth and plant vigor. Further research focused on optimizing variables like seedling age, crop density, and water regimes to maximize the benefits
Effects of crop establishment methods and irrigation schedules on productivit...
Rice is the staple food for more than half of the global population. In India, it is grown on an area of about 43.97 m ha with total production and productivity of about 104.32 mt and 2.37 t/ha respectively (Anonymous 2013). In Punjab, it occupied an area of 2.82 m ha with production and productivity of 10.54 mt and 3.74 t/ha respectively and in Haryana, it was grown on an area of 1.24 m ha with production and productivity of 3.76 mt and 3.02 t/ha respectively (Anonymous 2013).
The most common practice for establishing rice in rice wheat system of indo-gangatic plains region is puddling before transplanting. Alternative to traditional method direct seeding may be adopted because it does not require that heavy amount of labour, water and capital input initially and also crop mature earlier (7-10 days) than transplanted crop allowing timely sowing of succeeding wheat crop. Recent research suggests that new methods of rice establishment, viz zero till rice, bed planting and SRI has potential to reduce cost and increase sustainability of irrigated rice culture while maintaining yield.
Irrigation plays a pivotal role in increasing productivity of rice. The efficiency and productivity of irrigation water is quite low owing to percolation losses and high water requirement. There is an urgent need to save water and increase its efficiency in rice production. Various agronomic practice like proper land levelling, proper transplanting time, selection of suitable variety and increasing interval between successive irrigation can play a lead role in water saving and to obtain sustainable yield of the crop. The sustainability of rice production in north-west India is threatened by scarcity of water. So there is need to increase water use efficiency in rice production.
Gangwar and Singh (2010) resulted that among different crop establishment methods, highest yield and yield attributing characters of rice was obtained with drum seeding wet bed method. Gill et al (2006) revealed that dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, effective tillers and grain yield were significantly more in direct seeding than transplanted rice. Water productivity in direct seeded rice was higher as compared to transplanted rice clearly showing the more water use efficiency in DSR. Jagtap et al (2013) concluded that the crop established by transplanting recorded significantly higher growth as well as yield attributes resulting in to significantly more grain and straw yield. Grain yield found to be highest in Japanese manual transplanted rice followed by dry drilling (30 kg/ha), dry drilling (15 kg/ha) and drum seeding (Dixit et al 2010). Singh et al (2005) found that mechanical transplanting of rice resulted in highest grain and straw yield which was at par with manual transplanting but significantly higher than both direct seeding methods.
GSSP Research on Medium and Large-Scale Farming and Agricultural Mechanizatio...
GSSP Research on Medium and Large-Scale Farming and Agricultural Mechanizatio...International Food Policy Research Institute - Development Strategy and Governance Division
"GSSP Research on Medium and Large-Scale Farming and Agricultural Mechanization in Ghana: Initial survey results & research areas" presented by Nazaire Houssou and Antony Chapoto, April 24, 2014
30thBrussels Briefing on Agricultural Resilience - 7. Girma Tesfahun Kass...
30thBrussels Briefing on Agricultural Resilience - 7. Girma Tesfahun Kass...Brussels Briefings (brusselsbriefings.net)
Presentation hold by Girma Tesfahun Kassie, Researcher Socioeconomics Programme at CIMMYT, Zimbabwe, as part of the second panel of the 30th edition of the Brussels Briefing on “Agricultural resilience in the face of crisis and shocks", organized by CTA in collaboration with the ACP Secretariat, the EC/DEVCO, Concord, and IFPRI on 4th March 2013.
More on: http://brusselsbriefings.net/Taller semillas 2011 Mauricio Bellon
This document analyzes how vulnerable traditional maize seed systems in Mexico are to climate change. It finds:
1) Traditional maize seed systems source seeds locally from family/neighbors within 10km and at similar altitudes.
2) Climate models predict maize growing areas will shift locations by 2050, potentially outside the ranges of local seed systems.
3) If seed sources shift significantly due to climate change, local seed systems may not be able to provide farmers with adapted seeds, threatening food security and livelihoods for small-scale farmers dependent on these systems.
GRM 2013: Breeding Drought Tolerance for Rainfed Lowland Rice in the Mekong r...
GRM 2013: Breeding Drought Tolerance for Rainfed Lowland Rice in the Mekong r...CGIAR Generation Challenge Programme
This document summarizes research on breeding drought tolerance in rainfed lowland rice in the Mekong region. Key points include:
1) New drought screening methods and multi-location trials were developed to identify drought tolerant rice varieties with high yield potential.
2) Traits like short delay in flowering under drought and photoperiod sensitivity were identified as useful for drought tolerance.
3) Promising new drought tolerant rice lines with high yields were identified for Cambodia, Thailand and Laos from the research.
4) Environmental characterization with drought maps were developed to target areas that can utilize the new drought tolerant varieties.water and nutrient management in safflower
This document discusses water and nutrient management practices for safflower cultivation. It provides details on:
1) Safflower has high nutritional value and various industrial uses. It is drought tolerant but benefits from irrigation, especially at flowering and seed filling stages.
2) Nutrient requirements can be met through fertilizer application and FYM. Nitrogen application should be split for irrigated crops.
3) Irrigation scheduling depends on soil type but generally 2-3 heavy irrigations are recommended, with the first presowing. Limited irrigation at different growth stages can reduce yields.
4) Field trials show optimal water and nutrient management can increase safflower yields and oil content significantly compared to
1309 - The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in the Context of ‘Sustainabl...
1309 - The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in the Context of ‘Sustainabl...SRI-Rice, Dept. of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University
Title: The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in the Context of ‘Sustainable Crop Production Intensification’ and Adaptation to Climate Change
Presenter: Norman Uphoff
Presented at the FAO's Asia Regional Office
Date: April 11, 2013
0404 The 3-S System of Rice Cultivation
0404 The 3-S System of Rice CultivationSRI-Rice, Dept. of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University
Presented by: Jin Xueyong, Northeastern Agricultural University
Presented at: 10th National Workshop on High Yielding Rice, HaerbinFindings of on farm research findings under sdtt-sri programme
The document summarizes the findings of Phase I (2009-11) of a study on System of Rice Intensification (SRI). Key aspects studied included nutrient management, age of seedlings, spacing, number of plants per hill, and interactions between these factors. Results showed highest yields with 50% organic/inorganic nutrient mix, 12-day old seedlings, 25x25 cm spacing, and 2 plants per hill. Interactions between number of plants/hill and age of seedlings, and between spacing and age of seedlings, also significantly impacted yield. The objective was to refine SRI practices and document findings to disseminate results for wider adoption.
Agrotechniques
The document discusses agrotechniques for coconut cultivation including climatic requirements, soil types, nursery management, planting spacing and density, irrigation management, fertilizer recommendations, and effects of moisture stress. Key points include the ideal temperature, rainfall, humidity and altitude for coconut growth. Sandy loam soil is ideal with good water holding capacity. Nursery practices like polybag seedling raising and management are covered. Optimal planting spacing, density, and irrigation methods like basin and drip irrigation are recommended based on soil and climatic conditions.
Evaluation of elite potato clones for drought tolerance in western Uganda
Presented by Imelda Kashaija, Vasiter Kesiime and Prossy Namugga (Kachwekano Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (NARO- KAZARDI)) at the First Bio-Innovate Regional Scientific Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-27 February 2013
Recent advances in hdp of citrus, guava, apricot and cherry
The document summarizes recent advances in high density planting (HDP) of citrus, guava, apricot and cherry. It discusses the principles and components of HDP, including adopting dwarfing rootstocks and varieties, efficient training and pruning, and suitable crop management practices. It also outlines some of the benefits of HDP over normal planting, such as maximizing yield per unit area and allowing for mechanization. However, it notes some constraints to adopting HDP systems, such as a lack of dwarf varieties and standardization of production technologies for different fruit crops.
0412 Development of System of Rice Intensification for Rice Production in China
0412 Development of System of Rice Intensification for Rice Production in ChinaSRI-Rice, Dept. of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University
Presenter: Zhu Defeng
Slides from a powerpoint presentation made to a workshop on SRI, held at the World Rice Research Conference, Tsukuba, Japan, November 7, 2004
Audience: World Rice Research Conference, Japan
Subject Country: ChinaImproving production potential of sorghum and finger millets through genetic ...
Presented by Biruma M., Dramadri I., Liri C., Mayada M. Beshir, Bombom A. and Okori P. at the First Bio-Innovate Regional Scientific Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-27 February 2013
Igkvv raipur
This document discusses engineering inputs for the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). It provides information on the spread of SRI knowledge and use from 1999 to 2013 across multiple countries in Asia, Africa, and South America. The key components of SRI are described as soil fertility management using FYM, transplanting young seedlings in a wide spacing of 25x25 cm, regular weeding, and keeping the soil wet without flooding. The document also describes the development and testing of gender-friendly rice weeders and markers to help improve the efficiency and ergonomics of SRI practices.
Session 4.1 Technologies and Issues in small-holder Cassava cultivation -form...
Session 4.1 Technologies and Issues in small-holder Cassava cultivation -form...IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
The document discusses ways to increase cassava yields for smallholder farmers through improved varieties and agronomic practices. The key points are:
1) Cassava yields can be increased by planting high-yielding varieties and using improved soil fertility management and other agronomic practices.
2) For farmers to adopt new techniques, participatory research with farmers testing options in their own fields is most effective.
3) Case studies show participatory projects in various countries helped increase average cassava yields and farmer incomes while reducing soil erosion.Cassava: What do we know about the crop?
This document discusses cassava agronomy research being conducted by IITA. It notes that cassava yields in Africa are typically much lower than potential yields, due to factors like soil degradation, lack of suitable fertilizer recommendations, and insufficient knowledge of crop responses. IITA is working on projects like the African Cassava Agronomy Initiative to develop improved agronomic practices. On-farm trials are focusing on optimizing fertilizer use, weed management, and intercropping practices to increase cassava productivity for smallholder farmers in Africa. The results will provide site-specific recommendations to boost yields and food security.
Similar to High density orcharding in fruit crops. (20)
System of rice intensification status, issues and future research strategies
System of rice intensification status, issues and future research strategies
Effects of crop establishment methods and irrigation schedules on productivit...
Effects of crop establishment methods and irrigation schedules on productivit...
GSSP Research on Medium and Large-Scale Farming and Agricultural Mechanizatio...
GSSP Research on Medium and Large-Scale Farming and Agricultural Mechanizatio...
30thBrussels Briefing on Agricultural Resilience - 7. Girma Tesfahun Kass...
30thBrussels Briefing on Agricultural Resilience - 7. Girma Tesfahun Kass...
GRM 2013: Breeding Drought Tolerance for Rainfed Lowland Rice in the Mekong r...
GRM 2013: Breeding Drought Tolerance for Rainfed Lowland Rice in the Mekong r...
1309 - The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in the Context of ‘Sustainabl...
1309 - The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in the Context of ‘Sustainabl...
Findings of on farm research findings under sdtt-sri programme
Findings of on farm research findings under sdtt-sri programme
Evaluation of elite potato clones for drought tolerance in western Uganda
Evaluation of elite potato clones for drought tolerance in western Uganda
Recent advances in hdp of citrus, guava, apricot and cherry
Recent advances in hdp of citrus, guava, apricot and cherry
0412 Development of System of Rice Intensification for Rice Production in China
0412 Development of System of Rice Intensification for Rice Production in China
Improving production potential of sorghum and finger millets through genetic ...
Improving production potential of sorghum and finger millets through genetic ...
Session 4.1 Technologies and Issues in small-holder Cassava cultivation -form...
Session 4.1 Technologies and Issues in small-holder Cassava cultivation -form...
More from Mahtab Rashid
microRNA in Plant Defence and Pathogen Counter-defence
The presentation is about the role of microRNA in plant defence and the pathogen counter-defences which they adopt to escape or evade the plant defence mechanism.
Classification of Bacteria
The document discusses the classification of bacteria. It explains that reliable classification is important for scientists to track the tremendous variety of microorganisms. Historically, classification has changed as new techniques became available, moving from morphology-based to genetics-based approaches. Modern classification is based on phenotypic characteristics like Gram staining and biochemical reactions as well as genotypic analysis including rRNA sequencing, DNA-DNA hybridization, and G+C content. Bacteria can be classified by their morphology, staining, culture characteristics, environmental requirements, and pathogenicity.
Morphology of Honey Bee
The presentation contains the description about various parts of morphology of the honey bee viz: head, type of mouthpart, abdomen including the legs and wings, and the abdomen.
Integrated Pest Management
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) uses multiple methods to control pests in an agricultural system. The backbone of IPM is the economic injury level concept. Reasons for adopting IPM include the development of pest resistance, secondary pest outbreaks from overuse of pesticides, and environmental and human health hazards from chemical contamination. IPM involves understanding the agricultural ecosystem, planning for low-cost and environmentally friendly pest control, and using a variety of control methods like cultural practices, host plant resistance, biological and chemical methods to maintain pest populations below economic thresholds. The objective of IPM is to reduce pest damage in a sustainable way without complete elimination of pests.
Soil conditioners and amendments
A Presentation on Soil conditioners and amendments with respect to Agronomic practices by Dr. Radhey Shyam.
Non verbal communication
Non-verbal communication conveys important messages through facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, posture, proximity and other cues. Despite being continuous and sometimes involuntary, non-verbal signals can be ambiguous and open to misinterpretation. They predominantly relate to relationships and reveal emotions, attitudes and inner states that are not easily expressed verbally. Different aspects of non-verbal communication include kinesics (body movement), proxemics (use of space), chronemics (aspects of time), and paralanguage (voice qualities and vocal cues). Together, non-verbal signals modify, reinforce and sometimes contradict what is said.
Recent metods of pest control
This document discusses recent methods of pest control, including anti-feedants, insect attractants, insect repellents, genetic control, and insect growth regulators. Anti-feedants inhibit insect feeding without impairing appetite. Insect attractants use chemicals like pheromones and food lures to draw insects towards traps. Genetic control methods include sterile male release technique and inducing sterility through chemicals or radiation. Insect growth regulators interfere with insect growth and development by mimicking or blocking hormones like juvenile hormone and ecdysone. Overall, the document provides an overview of various modern biological and chemical pest control techniques.
Bio control
This document discusses biological control, which is the use of natural enemies to reduce pest populations. It defines biological control as the intentional introduction of natural enemies into an area to control pest populations. There are several types of natural enemies used in biological control, including parasites, parasitoids, and predators. The document provides examples of successful biological control projects, such as using the vedalia beetle to control cottony cushion scale on fruit trees in India in the 1920s-1930s, using the weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae to control the invasive water fern Salvinia molesta in a Bangalore pond in the 1980s, and introducing various weevils and mites from the 1980s onward to
Horticulture
Horticulture plays an important role in addressing malnutrition issues. It can solve India's malnutrition problems due to the rich nutrient content of fruits and vegetables. Nearly half of Indian children under 3 are underweight or stunted, which will impact future workforce development. Horticulture is also economically, aesthetically, and environmentally important. It provides high yields, returns, and employment while improving air quality and preventing erosion. Focusing on horticulture can better utilize land and meet calorie needs compared to field crops like wheat. It also supports industries and employment throughout the year.
Hardy weinberg law
This document discusses the Hardy-Weinberg law of genetic equilibrium. It states that in a large, randomly mating population, the frequencies of genotypes will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences like mutation, migration, genetic drift and non-random mating. The law establishes that the frequency of alleles A and a will be p and q, and the frequencies of genotypes AA, Aa and aa will be p^2, 2pq and q^2 respectively, where p + q = 1. The document provides examples of calculating genotype and gamete frequencies under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
RAWE Presentation
The document provides a progress report from an internship at Bhola Paswan Shastri Agricultural College in Purnea, Bihar. It summarizes activities conducted at the college including simulation games, farm visits, and guest lectures. It then details activities conducted at the Krishi Vigyan Kendra in Araria, including soil sampling and analysis, farmer training programs, and crop pest identification. Constraints faced by farmers in the region are identified as lack of quality inputs, mechanization, soil health issues, and marketing and infrastructure problems. The intern concludes they gained knowledge on crop production practices, local resources, and challenges in technology transfer.
Genetically modified crops
This document discusses the potential benefits of genetically modified (GM) crops for long-term food and nutritional security. It notes that hundreds of millions of people worldwide suffer from malnutrition and hunger. GM crops could help address this by developing varieties that are drought resistant, salt tolerant, or more nutritious. Current GM crops include Bt cotton, golden rice, Bt brinjal, flavr savr tomato, Bt corn, and roundup ready crops. The document argues that with further development, GM technology could yield crops with improved yields, reduced pesticide use, enhanced nutrition, and other benefits to help ensure global food security.
Life cycle of honey bees
The life cycle of honey bees consists of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Eggs are laid by the queen bee and can be fertilized or unfertilized. Fertilized eggs become worker bees or queen bees, while unfertilized eggs become male drones. Larvae emerge from eggs and develop through four molting stages before forming a pupa. Inside the sealed pupa case, the larvae undergoes metamorphosis to emerge as adult bees. The life cycle takes longest for queen bees and shortest for worker bees.
Photosynthesis final
This document provides an overview of photosynthesis, including:
- The two pathways of photosynthesis (light reactions and Calvin cycle) that convert solar energy to chemical energy.
- The structure and function of chloroplasts, where the light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes and the Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma.
- The light-dependent reactions that use photon energy to produce ATP and NADPH via photosystems and electron transport chains, and the light-independent Calvin cycle that fixes carbon into glucose using ATP and NADPH.
More from Mahtab Rashid (14)
microRNA in Plant Defence and Pathogen Counter-defence
microRNA in Plant Defence and Pathogen Counter-defence
Recently uploaded
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience Wahiba Chair Training & Consulting
Wahiba Chair's Talk at the 2024 Learning Ideas Conference. LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Recently uploaded (20)
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
High density orcharding in fruit crops.
- 1. High density orcharding in fruit crops
- 2. High density orcharding is the practice of accommodating higher number of plants of the same species per unit area by planting at a closer spacing than that is planted under traditional system.
- 3. Increased sunlight capture per unit area Land use efficiency Appropriate vegetative reproductive balance of the plants.
- 4. Low vegetative growth Low productivity per plant
- 5. Planting system Canopy management Use of dwarfing rootstock/Interstock Training Shoot pruning Root pruning Use of growth regulators
- 6. Crop Spacing Planting density plants per ha Yield (t/ha) % increase over traditional methods Mango cv. Amrapali 2.5m x 2.5m 1600 19.2 250% Citrus (Kinnow) 1.8m x 1.8m 3000 20 200% Banana 1.4m x 1.4m 4444 145.44 250% Pineapple 25cm x 35 cm x 90cm 64000 90.0 200% Guava 1m x 2m 5000 50 250%
- 7. Experiences at B P S A C on high density orcharding in fruit crops
- 9. Treatment 1997 1999 2001 2003 7.5 m x 7.5 m 2.54 7.13 29.05 47.1 7.5 m x 5.0 m 1.73 9.6 22.24 45.64 5.0 m x 5.0 m 1.88 25.58 38.26 50.97 2.5 m x 7.5 m 1.91 16.75 24.87 32.53 2.5 m x 5.0 m 1.98 26.12 34.22 56.66 2.5 m x 2.5 m 1.51 20.94 28.2 31.95 S.E.m 0.23 0.59 1.53 4.83 C.D. at 5% 0.64 1.77 4.61 14.52
- 10. Treatments LAI 7.5 m x 7.5 m 2.14 7.5 m x 5.0 m 2.12 5.0 m x 5.0 m 2.24 2.5 m x 7.5 m 2.59 2.5 m x 5.0 m 2.46 2.5 m x 2.5 m 3.38 S.E.m 0.16 C.D. at 5% 0.47
- 11. Treatment 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Cumulative yield 7.5 m x 7.5 m 0.82 4.92 1.25 14.55 2.32 23.82 4.00 28.12 4.35 33.57 115.82 7.5 m x 5.0 m 1.07 4.66 1.06 9.42 1.95 22.25 3.52 27.12 3.95 31.77 102.02 5.0 m x 5.0 m 1.47 3.26 0.82 11.2 2.05 24.92 3.09 28.00 3.75 32.72 107.73 2.5 m x 7.5 m 1.06 4.01 1.03 9.25 1.93 17.62 2.95 19.25 3.00 21.17 104.39 2.5 m x 5.0 m 0.94 3.89 0.95 10.92 1.57 12.75 2.60 14.45 1.95 15.67 78.88 2.5 m x 2.5 m 0.96 3.27 0.73 6.81 0.98 7.90 1.58 8.60 1.00 7.62 45.53
- 12. Treatment 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Cumulative yield (q/ha) 7.5 m x 7.5 m 1.47 8.77 2.23 25.90 4.13 42.42 7.12 50.05 7.74 59.80 206.17 7.5 m x 5.0 m 2.85 12.43 2.83 25.15 5.21 59.40 9.40 72.45 10.55 84.82 272.40 5.0 m x 5.0 m 5.87 13.04 3.28 37.00 8.20 99.70 12.36 112.00 15.00 130.90 430.92 2.5 m x 7.5 m 5.65 21.41 5.50 59.81 10.31 93.95 15.75 102.60 16.02 112.85 557.46 2.5 m x 5.0 m 7.51 31.16 7.60 87.38 12.56 102.00 20.80 115.60 15.60 125.40 639.01 2.5 m x 2.5 m 15.32 52.36 11.68 108.96 15.68 126.40 25.28 137.10 16.0 122.00 728.48
- 15. Severe pruning in alternate rows every three years
- 16. Possible strategy Planting at a spacing of 5 m x 5 m Shoot pruning in alternate years when fruiting is not expected
- 20. No pruning Pruning to 60% of canopy Pruning to 80% of canopy
- 21. Month 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 January 27.0 0 12.0 February 0.0 12.0 20.0 March 16.0 0 0.0 April 0.0 18.0 38.5 May 86.0 49.0 138.1 June 60.0 101.0 606.5 July 368.0 226.0 251.2 August 210.0 152.0 423.5 September 319.0 183.0 305.8 October 95.0 58.0 198.0 November 24.0 13.0 0.0 December 34.0 23.0 0.0 Total 1239.0 835.0 1993.6
- 30. For production of 1 kg of guava cv Sardar, the total water requirement is 68.02 litre
- 37. Benefit cost ratio of Ultra High Density guava orcharding for a period of 5 years is 3.1 as compared to 2.9 traditional system orcharding. Net profit per year, fifth year onwards under Ultra High Density orcharding is Rs.3.39 lakh/ha compared to Rs.1.68 lakh/ha in traditional system
- 38. Keeping in view yield and gross income, pruning of guava plants thrice a year viz. March, May and October to 50% of shoot length can be recommended for maximization of income from Ultra-high density guava orchard growing under Bihar conditions. Application of 60% of recommended dose of fertilizer and irrigation at 60% PE was found to be most suitable
- 48. Place Area (acre) Deoghar 8 Chakrdharpur 6 Hazaribag 2 Ranchi 2 Saraikela 1
- 49. Research papers – 3 No. Presentation in symposiums: 6 No
- 50. High density orcharding in Peach Kaghji Kalan Pomegranate Ber Kinnow Litchi
- 51. Fine-tuning canopy management strategies Standardization of nutrient and water management strategies