fingermillet,,ragi, littlemillet,prosomillet,barnyard millet its package and practices and agronomy

1. CENTRAL AGRICULTURE
UNIVERSITY
AGRONOMY OF MINOR MILLETS
PRESENTATION
BY
MANISHA DUHAN
RLBCAU002

2.  IMPORTANCE OF MILLET
The rice eater is weightless like a bird; the one who
eats Jowar is strong like a wolf: one who eats Ragi
remains ‘nirogi’ [ illness free ] throughout his life -
An old Kannada saying . India is on the threshold of
discussing the Food Security Bill which will have far
reaching implications for the poor and the marginalised,
in their struggle to access food and nutrition to lead a
dignified and healthy life. Millet Network of India has for
long, taken the stand that we as a nation, should not just
be settling for food security; we should be striving for
food sovereignty. This implies that we focus on giving
the control over the production, distribution and
consumption of food back to the people. One of the
steps in doing this would be to bring millets back into the
food security debate; for millions of households in the
dryland and hilly regions of the country depend on these
crops to meet their food needs.

3. NUTRIONAL COMPOSITION

4. MILLETS VS CEREALS
NUTRITION

5. VERNACULAR NAMES

8. AREA AND PRODUCTION
 AREA:
 Ragi =1201 thousand hectare
 Other small millets-= 585 thousand hectare
 PRODUCTION:
 Ragi = 1996 thousand tonnes
 Other small millets = 374 thousand tonnes
 SOURCE: DIRECTORATE OF ECONOMICS
AND STATISTICS (MOA)

10. FINGERMILLET

11. FOXTAIL MILLET

12. PROSOMILLET

13. BARNYARD MILLET

14. KODOMILLET

15. LITTLEMILLET

17. BOTANY
 A) Finger millet(ragi):- Inflorescence is
contracted into a number of digitate spikes of
spikelet. Spikelet consists of more than two florets
subtended by two glumes.
 B)Foxtail millet:- Annual grass; seminal roots
three followed by numerous thin adventitious
roots, culms erect, slender, internodes hollow,
tillering; leaf sheath longer than internodes,
ligulate; leaf blade linear; tip acuminate; mid rib
prominent. Inflorescence spike like panicle,
carrying 6-12 two flowered sub sessile spikelets
each subtended by 1-3 bristles; stamens three;
ovary with two longstyles ending in plumose
stigma; fruit caryopsis tightly enclosed by lemma

18.  C)Prosomillet:- A shallow rooted erect annual
grass, free tillering, internodes hollow,
cylindrical; leaflamina linear lanceolate.
Inflorescence a slender panicle; spikelet with
two florets with two glumes; lower floret sterile;
upper floret fertile with lemma, palea, two
lodicules, three stamens and two styles with
plumose stigmas; fruit a caryopsis enclosed by
persistent lemma and palea.

19.  D)Barnyard millet:-
 A robust tufted annual grass; seminal roots followed by
adventitious roots; stem smooth,
 glabrous, producing tillers; internodes hollow; leaf
blade linear, lanceolate; tip acute; margin
 finely toothed. Inflorescence a panicle; spikelet two
flowered, awnless, pedicellate, subtended by
 bristles, two glumes; lower floret sterile with lemma
and palea; upper floret hermaphrodite, five
 nerved lemma and five nerved palea, two lodicules,
three stamens, two distinct style with
 plumose stigma. Fruit a caryopsis enclosed in white
shining hardened lemma and palea.

20.  E)Kodo millet:- An annual tufted grass; leaves
in two ranks, stiff, erect. Inflorescence a
panicle;
 2-8 spikelets in flattened rachis; spikelets
usually in two rows; each spikelet has two
florets;
 Lower floret sterile, upper bisexual with lemma,
palea, two lodicules, three stamens and
plumose
 stigma; grain enclosed in hard horny persistent
husk which is difficult to remove.
 F)Little millet:- An annual tufted grass with

21. CROP SOWING
TIME
HARVEST
TIME
SEED
RATE
SPACING
cm r*p
YIELD(q/h
a)G-grain
S-straw
FINGER
MILLET
MAY-
JUNE
120-
135DAS
8-10 Kg/Ha
FOR
TRANS-4
Kg/Ha
20*10 G-20-25
S-60-80
PROSO
MILLET
IST
FORTNIG
HT OF
JULY
65-75DAS 8-12 Kg/Ha 25*10 G-20-25
S-50-60
BARNYAR
D MILLET
JULY WHEN
RIPED
8-10 Kg/Ha 25*10 G-12-15
S-20-25
KODO
MILLET
JUNE 15-
JULY 15
IN
SEPTEMB
ER
10-15
Kg/Ha
45*10 G-15-18
S-30-40

22. VARIETIES

26. WATER MANAGEMENT
 Generally all minor millets are grown in kharif
season and under rainfed condition, but if the
facility of irrigation is available 1-2 irrigations
are sufficient and given during vegetative
growth and panicle initiation stage

27. NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
 Apply 5-10 tonnes of fym 3 weeks before
sowing of crop
 Under rainfed condition N/P/K=40:20:20 and
Under irrigated condition N/P/K=90:30:20
where P and K applied as basal dose and half
N as basal done rest half during first irrigation.

28. WEED MANAGEMENT
 Manual weeding is done mainly , weed control
upto 25-35 days of crop sowing.
 2-3 hoeings as interculture operation are
sufficient.
 Application of weedicides is less preffered as
millets are hardy for growth of other weeds
and used for consumption.
 Mostly all kharif weeeds like Echinocloa sps.,
Sorghum halpense are found in millets field.

29. DISEASES OF MINOR
MILLETS

33. INSECT PEST OF MINOR
MILLETS
 NO SPECIFIC SAME AS OTHER CEREALS
 Specially sorghum stem borer, pink borer,
termites etc.

34. FINGERMILLET SEEDS

35. LITTLE MILLET SEEDS

36. KODO MILLET SEEDS

37. PROSOMILLET SEEDS

38. BARNYARD MILLET
SEEDS

39. FINGERMILLET SEEDS

40. MINOR MILLET
PROCESSING
 NEED FOR PROCESSING
 Digestibility
 process to produce dried grains edible and digestible.
 Food safety
 cooking inactivates natural toxins, such as trypsin
inhibitors and also prevents bacterial growth and food
spoilage
 Organoleptic properties
 process to optimise the appearance, taste and texture of
foods to meet the needs of consumers
 Convenience
 ready-to-eat food products meet consumer demand for
quick and easy meal solutions

42. GLUTEN
 Gluten high-protein element in flour that
allows bread to rise Gladins that make the
dough stick together and causes digestive
distress Glutenins that make the dough
elastic High gluten flours make high, light
loaves of breadLow or non-gluten flour is
fortified to vary the taste or texture of
bread.
 IN cereals like wheat there is high gluten
while it is nil in millets.

43. PROCESS OF PORRIDGE
MAKING

44. PROCESS FOR VALUE
ADDITION

45. REFRENCES
 Modern techniques of raising field crops: chidda
singh
 Hanbook of plant diseases: shah
 Directorate of economics and statistics
 Iari e notes
 Wikipedia minor millet
 Google images

46. THANK U …..