Millipede presentation
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Millipede is a type of non-volatile memory developed by IBM that stores data in nanoscopic pits burned into a thin polymer layer using MEMS probes. It promises a data density of over 1 terabyte per square inch and could replace hard drives. Unlike hard drives, which use a single head, Millipede uses thousands of nanoscopic heads that can read and write in parallel for better performance. Data is stored in a "dumb" medium using atomic force probes responsible for reading and writing large numbers of bits. Millipede has applications in micro drives and high capacity hard drives.
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Millipede memory
Millipede memory is a non-volatile computer memory stored on nanoscopic pits burned into the surface of a thin polymer layer, read and written by a MEMS-based probe. It promised a data density of more than 1 terabit per square inch (1 gigabit per square millimeter), which is about the limit of the perpendicular recording hard drives. Millipede storage technology was pursued as a potential replacement for magnetic recording in hard drives, at the same time reducing the form-factor to that of flash media.
Ibm Multipede by neethu kuttan
IBM developed the Millipede, a nanotechnology-based approach to data storage that can store 1 terabyte of data per square inch. It uses atomic force probes over a grid of nanoscopic tips to thermo-dynamically write and read data at high densities and throughput of 1 gigabit per second while using minimal power. Ongoing work aims to increase capacity and layering while reducing costs and ensuring data stability over repeated rewriting.
Atomic scale magnetic memory
The document summarizes several older data storage technologies including magnetic tape, floppy disks, optical disks, and USB flash drives. It then discusses a new experimental atomic-scale magnetic memory that can store a bit using just 12 atoms, which is over 100 times denser than today's hard drives. The technology works by harnessing antiferromagnetism at the atomic scale. Potential applications include supercomputers, online databases, military databases, and satellites. However, issues remain around integrating the scanning tunneling microscope required to read and write bits as well as operating the memory above absolute zero.
Plastic memory
This is one of the emerging technology and could definitely bring a revolution in advancements in memory devices.
Phase Change memory
1. Phase change memory (PCM) uses reversible phase changes in chalcogenide glass to store information as amorphous or crystalline states, allowing fast switching between high and low resistance states.
2. PCM provides attributes of RAM, NOR flash, and NAND flash by being byte-addressable, faster than flash, and non-volatile like flash. It is being developed as a replacement for flash memory.
3. A basic PCM cell consists of an access transistor and a programmable element made of chalcogenide glass that can be switched between amorphous and crystalline phases using electric pulses to change resistance and store data.
Edp111c z2-001
A computer is an electronic device that helps people perform tasks. There are four main types of computers: microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers. Microcomputers are the most common and come in two classifications: personal computers and portable computers like laptops and tablets. Personal computers include desktops and mini towers. Input devices like keyboards and output devices like printers and monitors are essential components that work with the central processing unit or CPU in the system unit to perform tasks.
Storage and File Structure in DBMS
This document summarizes different types of computer data storage media. It describes the characteristics of cache, main memory, flash memory, magnetic disk storage, optical storage, and tape storage. Magnetic disk storage provides the bulk of secondary storage and is described in more detail. Disks are made up of platters divided into tracks then sectors. A disk has moving read-write heads that can access any location by seeking to the correct track. Performance is measured by access time, transfer rate, and reliability.
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This document discusses optical storage devices such as CDs and DVDs. It covers the history and development of these technologies from early analog laserdiscs to modern writable optical disks. The key types of optical disks are described as read-only, write-once, and rewritable. Details are provided on technologies such as ablative recording and phase-change media that enable write-once and rewritable functionality.
How hard drive works ?
The document summarizes how a hard disk drive works. It describes the key components of a hard drive, which include platters, read/write heads, an actuator arm, and a spindle. The platters are coated with magnetic material and spun by the spindle to store data. The read/write heads located on the actuator arm can both write data to the platters by magnetizing them, and read data by detecting the magnetized areas. Data is written serially as binary digits and stored permanently on the platters even when the computer is powered off.
Basicarchitecturememory
The document discusses the hierarchy of computer systems from supercomputers to microcomputers. It explains that supercomputers are the most powerful for processing large datasets. Mainframes are less powerful than supercomputers and are used for applications like banking. Midrange computers include minicomputers and servers. Microcomputers range from desktop PCs to mobile devices. The CPU and computer memory are also described.
Lecture 01 b
This document discusses computer hardware and classifications. It covers four types of computers: supercomputers, mainframe computers, minicomputers, and microcomputers. It then provides details on microcomputer hardware components including the system unit, input/output devices, secondary storage devices, and communication devices. Finally, it briefly introduces computer networks and their classification based on geographical boundaries as local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN), and wide area networks (WAN).
Mass Storage Devices
The document discusses various mass storage devices used in computers. It provides details on floppy disks, hard disks, CDs, DVDs, and USB drives. For floppy disks, it describes the parts of the floppy disk and drive, different sizes of floppies, and how data is written to a floppy disk. For hard disks, it explains the components, how data is read and written, low-level formatting, partitioning, and high-level formatting. It also lists characteristics of different hard disk families used in PCs such as capacity, reliability, and transfer rates.
What is the future of disk drives?
This document discusses the evolution of disk drive storage over the past 50+ years and design challenges going forward. It covers topics like areal density, magnetic recording technologies, disk controller architecture, reliability concerns, and energy efficiency techniques. New disk drive architectures are proposed using multiple spindles or dynamic RPM modulation to improve performance within power and heat constraints as areal density limits are approached. Flash memory is also discussed as a potential replacement for bridging performance gaps.
Secondary memory
Secondary memory is where programs and data are kept on a long-term basis. Common secondary storage devices are the hard disk and optical disks. The hard disk has enormous storage capacity compared to main memory. The hard disk is usually contained inside the case of a computer.
83681735-Polymer-Memoryppppgvshsjjwhwbshwn lo
Polymer memory is a new digital memory technology that uses organic polymers rather than silicon. It has advantages over current memory technologies like DRAM and flash memory by allowing for much higher storage densities through 3D layer stacking. Polymer memory works based on the bistable nature of polymers, which can locally change their dipole moment when an electric field is applied to represent 1s and 0s. This makes it non-volatile like flash but with faster read/write speeds. It is seen as a promising future memory technology for applications needing high capacity and low cost such as USB drives and SD cards. However, polymer memory still faces challenges in reliability and commercialization.
Computer hardware
The document discusses the components and functioning of a computer system. It describes how a computer accepts data as input, processes it using the central processing unit (CPU) and other components, and produces output. The CPU contains a control unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU) that work together to control data flow and perform calculations. The computer also includes storage devices like RAM, ROM, hard disks, and optical drives to permanently save data and programs.
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Flash drives
Flash drives use non-volatile flash memory to allow for portable data storage. They consist of a small circuit board with NAND flash memory chips, controllers, and a USB connector. Flash drives offer advantages over hard drives like smaller size, lighter weight, lower power consumption, and greater shock resistance. However, flash memory has a limited number of write/erase cycles and is more expensive per unit of storage than hard drives. Flash drives are commonly used to transfer files between computers and store data on devices like cameras, phones, and music players.
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Supercomputers
Supercomputers are the fastest and most powerful computers designed to solve complex problems quickly. They were introduced in the 1960s and are used for nuclear simulation, structural analysis, crash analysis, climatic predictions, cryptography, and computational chemistry. Modern supercomputer architectures trade processor speed for low power consumption to support more processors at room temperature. The IBM Blue Gene supercomputer and K computer are examples of large, energy efficient supercomputing systems that use different processor and cooling approaches.
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Millipede presentation
- 1. MILLIPEDE MEMORY ABHISHEK GUPTA
- 3. Promises a data density of more than 1Tb/sq. inch.
- 7. Uses numerous nanoscopic head which can read and write in parallel.
- 9. To position the pits according to the sillicon probes, the sled is moved in a X/Y scanning pattern.
- 11. Animated View:
- 13. In absence of a pit, the cooling is slower.
- 14. Electrical resistance is a function of changing temperature.
- 17. To write ‘1’ the tip is gently touches the surface causing a dent.
- 18. To erase the bit and return it to zero state, the tip is pulled up from surface.
- 23. Uses atomic force probes.
- 24. Data reads & writes in the storage field.
- 25. Data rate is 1Gb/s.