MikroTik Multicast Routing [www.imxpert.co]

MikroTik IPv4 Multicast Routing
for
Video Streaming Application
Training for Trainers – Venice 2014
Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com

Update : Video Demo
- multicast routing 1 router
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqUlUIB93Mg
- video multicast routing 2 router over wireless
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYEocGYsGZ4
- VLC as multicast stream server
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1lthcBSSrM
- VLC as multicast player
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s2uTs8NRQpY

About me :
Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task | Conclusion
Introduction

Objectives
• Introduction
• Multicast Concept
• Configuration Example
• Lab Task
• Conclusion

Company A is an ISP that want to expand their
services to deliver Video Broadcast in existing
MikroTik IP Networks.
To conserve bandwidth that flow on the
network, you as a consultant recommended
them to choose Multicast as tehcnique to
deliver the traffic.
Situation

IP Multicast is a technology that allows one-to-many and many-
to-many distribution of data on the Internet.
Senders send their data to a multicast IP destination address,
and receives express an interest in receiving traffic destined for
such an address. The network then figures out how to get the
data from senders to receivers.
Why Multicast?

MULTICAST VS UNICAST

PROTOCOL INDEPENDENT MULTICAST
Protocol-Independent Multicast (PIM) is a family of multicast routing
protocols for Internet Protocol (IP) networks that provide one-to-many and many-to-
many distribution of data over a LAN, WAN or the Internet. It is termed protocol-
independent because PIM does not include its own topology discovery mechanism,
but instead uses routing information supplied by other routing protocols.

There are four variants of PIM:
• PIM Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) explicitly builds unidirectional shared trees rooted at
a rendezvous point (RP) per group, and optionally creates shortest-path trees per source.
PIM-SM generally scales fairly well for wide-area usage.
• PIM Dense Mode (PIM-DM) uses dense multicast routing. It implicitly builds shortest-path
trees by flooding multicast traffic domain wide, and then pruning back branches of the tree
where no receivers are present. PIM-DM is straightforward to implement but generally has
poor scaling properties. The first multicast routing protocol, DVMRP used dense-mode
multicast routing.
• Bidirectional PIM explicitly builds shared bi-directional trees. It never builds a shortest path
tree, so may have longer end-to-end delays than PIM-SM, but scales well because it needs no
source-specific state
• PIM Source-Specific Multicast (PIM-SSM) builds trees that are rooted in just one source,
offering a more secure and scalable model for a limited amount of applications (mostly
broadcasting of content).

Multicast Addressing
For IPv4, 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.
Addresses within 232.0.0.0/8 are reserved for SSM usage.
Addresses in 239.0.0.0/8 are ASM (Any-source Multicast) addresses defined for varying sizes of limited scope.
Addresses within 224.0.0.0/24 are considered link-local and are forwarded between subnets.
IANA addressing for multicast :
• 224.0.0.1 - All systems on the subnet
• 224.0.0.2 - All routers on the subnet
• 224.0.0.9 - For RIPv2
• 224.0.0.14 - For VRRP
• 224.0.1.1 - Network time protocol (NTP)
• The internet assigned numbers authority (IANA) allocates ethernet addresses from 01:00:5E:00:00:00
through 01:00:5E:7F:FF:FF for multicasting, therefore leaving only 23 bits available for the multicast group
ID.

IGMP Proxy
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) proxy can be used to implement multicast routing. It is
forwarding IGMP frames and commonly is used when there is no need for more advanced protocol like PIM.
IGMP proxy features:
• The simplest way how to do multicast routing;
• Can be used in topologies where PIM-SM is not suitable for some reason;
• Takes slightly less resources than PIM-SM;
• Ease of configuration.
• On the other hand, IGMP proxy is not well suited for complicated multicast routing setups. Compared to
PIM based solutions, IGMP proxy does not support more than one upstream interface and routing loops
are not detected or avoided.
• MikroTik RouterOS IGMP proxy supports IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236).

#1: Enable Multicast on RouterOS
Multicast package is not installed by
default
Step to install multicast :
1. Go to
www.mikrotik.com/download
2. Choose your RouterOS
architecture
3. Download the All Packages (zip
file)
4. Extract it and copy multicast.npk to
RouterOS File
Use only multicast packages with same
version with your existing routeros
Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task : Lab 1| Conclusion

Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task : Lab 1 | Conclusion
#2 : Copy multicast package to File List
Use multicast package with the same version check
using /system resources. Then reboot your router to
finished packages installation

Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task : Lab 1| Conclusion
#3: Multicast Installed
IGMP Proxy and PIM wil appear in Routing Menu

Multicast single router
R1 :
/routing pim interface
add interface=ether3
add interface=ether4
STATIC ROUTE on Multicast Sender :
>route add 224.3.2.1 mask 255.255.255.255 192.168.3.254
>route add 239.3.2.1 mask 255.255.255.255 192.168.3.254
VLC Open Network Stream :
rtp://@224.3.2.1:5005
rtp://@239.3.2.1:5004
R1
/ip address add address=192.168.3.254 interface=ether3
/ip address add address=192.168.4.254 interface=ether4

[admin@R1-T4T-FREZA] > routing pim interface print
Flags: X - disabled, I - inactive, D - dynamic, R - designated-router , v1 - IGMPv1, v2 - IGMPv2, v3 - IGMPv3
# INTERFACE PROTOCOLS
0 Rv2 ether3 pim igmp
1 Rv2 ether4 pim igmp
2 DR register pim
[admin@R1-T4T-FREZA] > routing pim igmp-group print
Flags: v1 - IGMPv1, v2 - IGMPv2, v3 - IGMPv3,
I - include, E - exclude, F - forward, D - don't forward
INTERFACE GROUP SOURCE TIMEOUT
v2E ether3 224.0.0.2 0.0.0.0 2m30s
v2E ether3 224.0.0.13 0.0.0.0 2m31s
v2E ether3 224.0.0.22 0.0.0.0 2m30s
v2E ether3 239.255.255.250 0.0.0.0 2m24s
v2E ether4 224.0.0.2 0.0.0.0 2m36s
v2E ether4 224.0.0.13 0.0.0.0 2m36s
v2E ether4 224.0.0.22 0.0.0.0 2m35s
v2E ether4 224.3.2.1 0.0.0.0 2m33s
v2E ether4 239.3.2.1 0.0.0.0 2m30s
v2E ether4 239.255.255.250 0.0.0.0 2m37s
PIM Status

PIM Status

Rendevous Point
Rendezvous point (RP) is a distribution point for multicast group, source provides its data to it, and if there are
any subscribers, then RP will provide data to client. Note, that RP will always receive data stream if that exists.
MRIB routes are used for reverse path forwarding check. In a way, they perform opposite function that FIB
(Forwarding Information Base) routes: FIB is used to find the right By default, MRIB is populated by FIB routes.
Use "multicast" routing filter chain to control that or set specific parameters for imported FIB routes (e.g. you
can change the distance of the route). In addition, you can specify static MRIB routes.
This is useful only if you are using multihoming and multicast packet flow will be different from unicast packet
flow.
Active MRIB entries that are imported from FIB are shown with "dynamic" flag.
MRIB

Multicast Routing across Router (Wifi)
R1
/routing pim interface add
/routing pim rp
add address=192.168.6.254
STATIC route on Multicast sender :
route add 192.168.6.0/24 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.254
route add 192.168.2.0/24 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.254
route add 224.3.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.254
route add 239.3.2.1 mask 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.254
R2
/routing pim interfaceadd
/routing pim rp
add address=192.168.6.254
VLC Stream Config :
:sout=#rtp{dst=224.3.2.1,port=5005,mux=ts} :sout-all :sout-keep
:sout=#rtp{dst=239.3.2.1,port=5004,mux=ts} :sout-all :sout-keep
VLC Open Network Stream :
rtp://@224.3.2.1:5005
rtp://@239.3.2.1:5004

Wifi AP Configuration
/interface wireless security-profiles
set [ find default=yes ] supplicant-identity=MikroTik
add authentication-types=wpa-psk,wpa2-psk eap-methods="" man
allowed mode=dynamic-keys name=profile1 supplicant-ident
wpa-pre-shared-key=mikrotik1234 wpa2-pre-shared-key=mikrotik
/interface wireless
set [ find default-name=wlan1 ] band=2ghz-b/g/n comment="RENDEVOUS POINT”
country=indonesia disabled=no frequency=2452 frequency-m
regulatory-domain ht-rxchains=0 ht-txchains=0 l2mtu=2290
multicast-helper=full name=wlan1-rp radio-name=951G-FREZ
security-profile=profile1 ssid=FREZA-T4T wireless-protoc
wmm-support=enabled
/interface wireless manual-tx-power-table
set wlan1-rp comment="RENDEVOUS POINT"
/interface wireless nstreme
set wlan1-rp comment="RENDEVOUS POINT"
IMPORTANT!
enable multicast helper = full

R1 PIM STATUS

R1 PIM STATUS (2)

R1 PIM STATUS (3)

http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Routing/Multicast#Rendezvous_point
http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Multicast_detailed_example
http://forum.mikrotik.com/viewtopic.php?f=14&t=34851
Further Readings

Thank You
Faisal Reza. 2014. MikroTik Training for Trainers, Venice – Italy.

MikroTik Multicast Routing [www.imxpert.co]

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MikroTik Multicast Routing [www.imxpert.co]