The document discusses key terms related to migration, including donor and host regions, alongside various types of migrants such as refugees and asylum seekers. It examines the tensions surrounding migration in Ireland and France, including racism, ghettoization, and government responses to discrimination and economic challenges. Additionally, it outlines Ireland's shift from a country of emigration to immigration due to EU expansion and presents current policies addressing migration and asylum seekers.

1. Migration

2. Remember the junior cert?

3. New Key Terms
Donor Region ________________________________________
Host Region _________________________________________
Net Migration _______________________________________
Refugee ____________________________________________
Asylum Seeker _______________________________________
Internally Displaced Person (IDP)
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

4. Types of
Migration

5. Advantages and Disadvantages –
Host Country

6. Advantages and Disadvantages –
Donor Country

7. 2015 Ordinary Level Paper

8. Tensions about migration

9. Tensions about migration
• Fear of job losses to immigrants
• Discrimination (official or unofficial)
• Concern over overstretched services
Leads to
• Ghettoisation
• Hostility and Violence
• Exclusion

11. Tackling racism and hostility in Ireland
• Strengthen anti discrimination laws (Equality Act,
Employment Appeals tribunal etc)
• Promoting awareness of migrant issues (Refugee Council of
Ireland etc)
• Getting all political parties to sign pledges against
discrimination
• Symbolic visits by political leaders e.g. Michael D Higgins
visiting migrant centres

12. Case Study – 2005 French Race Riots

13. • October / November 2005: Clichy Sous Bois eastern Paris
• Two youths chased by police, ran into Power Station and electrocuted
• Sparked off riots, vandalism and looting in Paris and many cities around France
• Why?
• Pre existing tension between the migrants from North Africa
• About?
• Their care or lack of since arriving in France. Their sub standard
accommodation, access to jobs, standard of living etc.
• Riots spread to 274 towns
• €200 million of damage caused
• 2,888 arrests and 1 death

14. Government admitted that the rioting was due to their failure to
provide opportunities for thousands of North African immigrants.
€30 billion was provided to help young people in riot zones
239 ‘Hot Zones’ created where the focus was on providing
employment for 1.5 million.
……but…….
There is still evidence of racism towards Arab sounding names…..

15. Ethnic and Religious issues
• Fear that Christianity is under threat from the growth of Islam
(the fastest growing religion in France and Europe)
• Fear of Sharia Law (strict islamic laws, eg Burka)
• Anti islamism now a key policy of National Front in France &
Britain
• Curriculum conflicts in schools (e.g. Homosexuality, Religion)
• Ghettoisation
• Unemployment of “foreigners”

16. Past exam question

17. Ireland and Migration
• Traditionally Ireland was a country of Net Emigration (Famine,
1950s, 1980s etc)
• 1996 – turning point, Ireland became a country of net
immigration
• Why?
– More countries joining the EU – citizens of the European Economic
Area can live and work in Ireland with no restrictions (as can Irish
people elsewhere in Europe)
– Wars/Conflicts (e.g. Balkan conflicts in the 90s)
– Economic Growth

18. immigration to Ireland by year

19. Asylum applications to Ireland

20. Migration Policy in Ireland and the EU
• Currently under review as a result of the huge increase in
refugees from Syria, Libya and other problem regions
• Workers allowed into Ireland from outside the EU under
certain circumstances:
– Green Card Scheme (Highly skilled workers e.g. Surgeons)
– Work Permit (Mid range skilled workers e.g. Teachers)
– Intra-Company Transfer Permit (Management of Transnational
companies e.g. Intel, Facebook etc)
– Spousal/Dependent Work Permit – family members of above
categories
• Important to remember that EU citizens can move freely into
and out of Ireland – no restrictions

21. Asylum Seekers
• Refers to people seeking refuge from war or other
problems
• In Ireland they are housed in “Direct Provision”
hostels until they can be processed
• If they are successfully processed they gain Refugee
Status and can stay in Ireland
• Controversial at present over the length of time
some people are in DP – 8 Years in Some cases
• Example of DP centre - Mosney

22. A Europe Wide Policy – Pros and Cons
Reduce
people
smuggling
(trafficking)
Support countries
with large
numbers of
Asylum Seekers
e.g. Greece
Simpler
system – less
confusion
Fortress
Europe Hostility
from EU
Citizens
Quotas for
all
countries
(new)

23. Rural to Urban Migration – Dublin
(developed city)

24. Rural to Urban Migration – Sao Paulo
(developing city)

25. Rural to Urban Migration – Sao Paulo
(developing city)

26. Can you remember 6 SRPs about
migration to Sao Paulo?

27. Question & Marking Scheme